Computation Works

Computation Works

Author: Xavier De Kestelier

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-04-15

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 1119952867

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Architects are now taking advantage of the computer in new ways through experimentation with algorithmic and simulation-driven design. Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought focuses on this emerging theme in design practice, showcasing built and soon-to-be-built projects and providing a state of the art in computational design. Computational design is considered to be first a design tool, and second a series of instruments that can be applied in the creation of architecture. It allows architects to incorporate performance analysis and knowledge about material, tectonics and the parameters of production machinery. Moving towards a new role as hybrid practitioners, architects are taking concepts from other disciplines and customising architectural and other CAD software. In addition to the discussion of built projects, a further series of texts examines new custom software instruments. New digital tools provide new modes of representation, new methods of evaluation, and new techniques for design exploration. The development of new computational tools can create more responsive designs, allowing architects to explore new design options and to analyse architectural decisions during the design process. This issue raises important questions such as: How is computation changing the way architects design? Are the design tools and methods related to the result? What is computational design in the context of architectural practice? and How is computation changing the processes of design and construction?


Book Synopsis Computation Works by : Xavier De Kestelier

Download or read book Computation Works written by Xavier De Kestelier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architects are now taking advantage of the computer in new ways through experimentation with algorithmic and simulation-driven design. Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought focuses on this emerging theme in design practice, showcasing built and soon-to-be-built projects and providing a state of the art in computational design. Computational design is considered to be first a design tool, and second a series of instruments that can be applied in the creation of architecture. It allows architects to incorporate performance analysis and knowledge about material, tectonics and the parameters of production machinery. Moving towards a new role as hybrid practitioners, architects are taking concepts from other disciplines and customising architectural and other CAD software. In addition to the discussion of built projects, a further series of texts examines new custom software instruments. New digital tools provide new modes of representation, new methods of evaluation, and new techniques for design exploration. The development of new computational tools can create more responsive designs, allowing architects to explore new design options and to analyse architectural decisions during the design process. This issue raises important questions such as: How is computation changing the way architects design? Are the design tools and methods related to the result? What is computational design in the context of architectural practice? and How is computation changing the processes of design and construction?

The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture

The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture

Author: Mitra Kanaani

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-12-06

Total Pages: 672

ISBN-13: 0429664389

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The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture focuses on a non-linear, multilateral, ethical way of design thinking, positioning the design process as a journey. It expands on the multiple facets and paradigms of performative design thinking as an emerging trend in design methodology. This edited collection explores the meaning of performativity by examining its relevance in conjunction with three fundamental principles: firmness, commodity and delight. The scope and broader meaning of performativity, performative architecture and performance-based building design are discussed in terms of how they influence today’s design thinking. With contributions from 44 expert practitioners, educators and researchers, this volume engages theory, history, technology and the human aspects of performative design thinking and its implications for the future of design.


Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture by : Mitra Kanaani

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture written by Mitra Kanaani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Paradigms of Performativity in Design and Architecture focuses on a non-linear, multilateral, ethical way of design thinking, positioning the design process as a journey. It expands on the multiple facets and paradigms of performative design thinking as an emerging trend in design methodology. This edited collection explores the meaning of performativity by examining its relevance in conjunction with three fundamental principles: firmness, commodity and delight. The scope and broader meaning of performativity, performative architecture and performance-based building design are discussed in terms of how they influence today’s design thinking. With contributions from 44 expert practitioners, educators and researchers, this volume engages theory, history, technology and the human aspects of performative design thinking and its implications for the future of design.

Computing the Environment

Computing the Environment

Author: Brady Peters

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-03-14

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1119097908

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Computing the Environment presents practical workflows and guidance for designers to get feedback on their design using digital design tools on environmental performance. Starting with an extensive state-of-the-art survey of what top international offices are currently using in their design projects, this book presents detailed descriptions of the tools, algorithms, and workflows used and discusses the theories that underlie these methods. Project examples from Transsolar Klimaengineering, Buro Happold ́s SMART Group, Behnish Behnisch Architects, Thomas Herzog, Autodesk Research are contextualized with quotes and references to key thinkers in this field such as Eric Winsberg, Andrew Marsh, Michelle Addington and Ali Malkawi.


Book Synopsis Computing the Environment by : Brady Peters

Download or read book Computing the Environment written by Brady Peters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing the Environment presents practical workflows and guidance for designers to get feedback on their design using digital design tools on environmental performance. Starting with an extensive state-of-the-art survey of what top international offices are currently using in their design projects, this book presents detailed descriptions of the tools, algorithms, and workflows used and discusses the theories that underlie these methods. Project examples from Transsolar Klimaengineering, Buro Happold ́s SMART Group, Behnish Behnisch Architects, Thomas Herzog, Autodesk Research are contextualized with quotes and references to key thinkers in this field such as Eric Winsberg, Andrew Marsh, Michelle Addington and Ali Malkawi.

Post-Parametric Automation in Design and Construction

Post-Parametric Automation in Design and Construction

Author: Alfredo Andia

Publisher: Artech House

Published: 2014-11-01

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 1608076946

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Automation, a mixture of algorithms, robots, software, and avatars, is transforming all types of jobs and industries. This book responds to one critical question for the design and construction industry: “how are architects, engineers, and contractors using information technology to further automate their practices?” Addressing the use of new digital technologies, particularly parametric automation for design and construction in the building industry, this book looks at how technologically advanced architectural and engineering practices are semi-automating their design processes by using sophisticated algorithms to transform their workflows. The book also documents a set of firms that are further advancing automation by using pre-fabrication, modularization, and custom designs via robotics.


Book Synopsis Post-Parametric Automation in Design and Construction by : Alfredo Andia

Download or read book Post-Parametric Automation in Design and Construction written by Alfredo Andia and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automation, a mixture of algorithms, robots, software, and avatars, is transforming all types of jobs and industries. This book responds to one critical question for the design and construction industry: “how are architects, engineers, and contractors using information technology to further automate their practices?” Addressing the use of new digital technologies, particularly parametric automation for design and construction in the building industry, this book looks at how technologically advanced architectural and engineering practices are semi-automating their design processes by using sophisticated algorithms to transform their workflows. The book also documents a set of firms that are further advancing automation by using pre-fabrication, modularization, and custom designs via robotics.

Algorithmic Thinking

Algorithmic Thinking

Author: Daniel Zingaro

Publisher: No Starch Press

Published: 2020-12-15

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 1718500815

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A hands-on, problem-based introduction to building algorithms and data structures to solve problems with a computer. Algorithmic Thinking will teach you how to solve challenging programming problems and design your own algorithms. Daniel Zingaro, a master teacher, draws his examples from world-class programming competitions like USACO and IOI. You'll learn how to classify problems, choose data structures, and identify appropriate algorithms. You'll also learn how your choice of data structure, whether a hash table, heap, or tree, can affect runtime and speed up your algorithms; and how to adopt powerful strategies like recursion, dynamic programming, and binary search to solve challenging problems. Line-by-line breakdowns of the code will teach you how to use algorithms and data structures like: The breadth-first search algorithm to find the optimal way to play a board game or find the best way to translate a book Dijkstra's algorithm to determine how many mice can exit a maze or the number of fastest routes between two locations The union-find data structure to answer questions about connections in a social network or determine who are friends or enemies The heap data structure to determine the amount of money given away in a promotion The hash-table data structure to determine whether snowflakes are unique or identify compound words in a dictionary NOTE: Each problem in this book is available on a programming-judge website. You'll find the site's URL and problem ID in the description. What's better than a free correctness check?


Book Synopsis Algorithmic Thinking by : Daniel Zingaro

Download or read book Algorithmic Thinking written by Daniel Zingaro and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on, problem-based introduction to building algorithms and data structures to solve problems with a computer. Algorithmic Thinking will teach you how to solve challenging programming problems and design your own algorithms. Daniel Zingaro, a master teacher, draws his examples from world-class programming competitions like USACO and IOI. You'll learn how to classify problems, choose data structures, and identify appropriate algorithms. You'll also learn how your choice of data structure, whether a hash table, heap, or tree, can affect runtime and speed up your algorithms; and how to adopt powerful strategies like recursion, dynamic programming, and binary search to solve challenging problems. Line-by-line breakdowns of the code will teach you how to use algorithms and data structures like: The breadth-first search algorithm to find the optimal way to play a board game or find the best way to translate a book Dijkstra's algorithm to determine how many mice can exit a maze or the number of fastest routes between two locations The union-find data structure to answer questions about connections in a social network or determine who are friends or enemies The heap data structure to determine the amount of money given away in a promotion The hash-table data structure to determine whether snowflakes are unique or identify compound words in a dictionary NOTE: Each problem in this book is available on a programming-judge website. You'll find the site's URL and problem ID in the description. What's better than a free correctness check?

Drawing Futures

Drawing Futures

Author: Bob Sheil

Publisher: UCL Press

Published: 2016-11-11

Total Pages: 147

ISBN-13: 1911307266

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Drawing Futures brings together international designers and artists for speculations in contemporary drawing for art and architecture.Despite numerous developments in technological manufacture and computational design that provide new grounds for designers, the act of drawing still plays a central role as a vehicle for speculation. There is a rich and long history of drawing tied to innovations in technology as well as to revolutions in our philosophical understanding of the world. In reflection of a society now underpinned by computational networks and interfaces allowing hitherto unprecedented views of the world, the changing status of the drawing and its representation as a political act demands a platform for reflection and innovation. Drawing Futures will present a compendium of projects, writings and interviews that critically reassess the act of drawing and where its future may lie.Drawing Futures focuses on the discussion of how the field of drawing may expand synchronously alongside technological and computational developments. The book coincides with an international conference of the same name, taking place at The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, in November 2016. Bringing together practitioners from many creative fields, the book discusses how drawing is changing in relation to new technologies for the production and dissemination of ideas.


Book Synopsis Drawing Futures by : Bob Sheil

Download or read book Drawing Futures written by Bob Sheil and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing Futures brings together international designers and artists for speculations in contemporary drawing for art and architecture.Despite numerous developments in technological manufacture and computational design that provide new grounds for designers, the act of drawing still plays a central role as a vehicle for speculation. There is a rich and long history of drawing tied to innovations in technology as well as to revolutions in our philosophical understanding of the world. In reflection of a society now underpinned by computational networks and interfaces allowing hitherto unprecedented views of the world, the changing status of the drawing and its representation as a political act demands a platform for reflection and innovation. Drawing Futures will present a compendium of projects, writings and interviews that critically reassess the act of drawing and where its future may lie.Drawing Futures focuses on the discussion of how the field of drawing may expand synchronously alongside technological and computational developments. The book coincides with an international conference of the same name, taking place at The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, in November 2016. Bringing together practitioners from many creative fields, the book discusses how drawing is changing in relation to new technologies for the production and dissemination of ideas.

Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment

Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment

Author: Marzia Bolpagni

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-12-02

Total Pages: 677

ISBN-13: 3030824306

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This book discusses how the role of traditional construction professional is changing, providing a useful guide for practitioners who would like to upskill themselves. Lately, core concepts and methodologies for the Built Environment are presented providing definitions and applications on Building Information Modelling, Computational Design, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Analytics and Visualization, Lean Construction, Advanced Project Management, Sustainability, Geographical Information Systems, Advanced Business Models, Disaster Management, Quality Management, Health and Safety and Legal prospective. The book also shows the latest technologies for the Built Environment including Digital Twins, Reality Capture, Extended Reality, Gamification, Computational Construction and Manufacturing, Structural Health Monitoring, Smart Transaction and Cybersecurity. Trends in soft skills for the Built Environment are presented covering Digital Working, Communication, Self and Relationship Management skills and Critical thinking. The book is dedicated to professionals who would like to enhance their understanding and capabilities to operate in the Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment having a holistic and comprehensive overview.


Book Synopsis Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment by : Marzia Bolpagni

Download or read book Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment written by Marzia Bolpagni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how the role of traditional construction professional is changing, providing a useful guide for practitioners who would like to upskill themselves. Lately, core concepts and methodologies for the Built Environment are presented providing definitions and applications on Building Information Modelling, Computational Design, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Analytics and Visualization, Lean Construction, Advanced Project Management, Sustainability, Geographical Information Systems, Advanced Business Models, Disaster Management, Quality Management, Health and Safety and Legal prospective. The book also shows the latest technologies for the Built Environment including Digital Twins, Reality Capture, Extended Reality, Gamification, Computational Construction and Manufacturing, Structural Health Monitoring, Smart Transaction and Cybersecurity. Trends in soft skills for the Built Environment are presented covering Digital Working, Communication, Self and Relationship Management skills and Critical thinking. The book is dedicated to professionals who would like to enhance their understanding and capabilities to operate in the Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment having a holistic and comprehensive overview.

Inside Smartgeometry

Inside Smartgeometry

Author: Terri Peters

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-08-12

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1118786661

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Smartgeometry (SG) is a key influence on the architecturalcommunity who explore creative computational methods for the designof buildings. An informal international network of practitionersand researchers, the group meets annually to experiment with newtechnologies and collaborate to develop digital designtechniques. When SG was founded in 2001 by London-based architects andfriends Hugh Whitehead (Foster + Partners), J Parrish (AECOM) andLars Hesselgren (PLP), there was little in the way of parametrictools for architecture. SG was founded to encourage thedevelopment, discussion and experimentation of digital designtechniques driven by design intent rather than on constructionspecifications. SG calls for a re-consideration of the designprocess, where the creation of computational mechanisms become anintegral part of designing – not a task done prior to orseparate from the process. In the early years of the workshops thisneed for new ways of design thinking led to the development ofBentley´s GenerativeComponents software. In recent years, theecology of these design environments has diversified to includemultiple software platforms, as well as innovative fabricationtechniques and interactive environments. SG has grown accordinglyfrom a handful of experts to an international network of designerswho are defining the future of design. Founded by digital pioneers,it creates the algorithmic designers of the future. Inside Smartgeometry can be seen as a retroactivemanifesto for SG, examining and contextualising the work of the SGcommunity: the digital spaces, prototypes and buildings designedusing bespoke tools created in response to architectural ideas.From interactive crowd-sourcing tools to responsive agent-basedsystems to complex digitally fabricated structures, it exploresmore than a decade of advances that have been influential forarchitecture. Through 23 original texts including reflectionsby the founders, and key contributors such as Robert Aish, MartinBechthold, Mark Burry, Chris Williams and Robert Woodbury, the bookoffers a critical state of the art of computational design forarchitecture. Many international design and engineering firms haveparticipated in SG and the book includes chapters by practitionersfrom offices such as CASE, Design2Production, Foster + Partners,Grimshaw, Populous and SOM.


Book Synopsis Inside Smartgeometry by : Terri Peters

Download or read book Inside Smartgeometry written by Terri Peters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smartgeometry (SG) is a key influence on the architecturalcommunity who explore creative computational methods for the designof buildings. An informal international network of practitionersand researchers, the group meets annually to experiment with newtechnologies and collaborate to develop digital designtechniques. When SG was founded in 2001 by London-based architects andfriends Hugh Whitehead (Foster + Partners), J Parrish (AECOM) andLars Hesselgren (PLP), there was little in the way of parametrictools for architecture. SG was founded to encourage thedevelopment, discussion and experimentation of digital designtechniques driven by design intent rather than on constructionspecifications. SG calls for a re-consideration of the designprocess, where the creation of computational mechanisms become anintegral part of designing – not a task done prior to orseparate from the process. In the early years of the workshops thisneed for new ways of design thinking led to the development ofBentley´s GenerativeComponents software. In recent years, theecology of these design environments has diversified to includemultiple software platforms, as well as innovative fabricationtechniques and interactive environments. SG has grown accordinglyfrom a handful of experts to an international network of designerswho are defining the future of design. Founded by digital pioneers,it creates the algorithmic designers of the future. Inside Smartgeometry can be seen as a retroactivemanifesto for SG, examining and contextualising the work of the SGcommunity: the digital spaces, prototypes and buildings designedusing bespoke tools created in response to architectural ideas.From interactive crowd-sourcing tools to responsive agent-basedsystems to complex digitally fabricated structures, it exploresmore than a decade of advances that have been influential forarchitecture. Through 23 original texts including reflectionsby the founders, and key contributors such as Robert Aish, MartinBechthold, Mark Burry, Chris Williams and Robert Woodbury, the bookoffers a critical state of the art of computational design forarchitecture. Many international design and engineering firms haveparticipated in SG and the book includes chapters by practitionersfrom offices such as CASE, Design2Production, Foster + Partners,Grimshaw, Populous and SOM.

The Changing Shape of Practice

The Changing Shape of Practice

Author: Michael U. Hensel

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-14

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 1317504836

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Architectural practices worldwide have to deal with increasingly complex design requirements. How do practices acquire the ability to do so? The Changing Shape of Practice provides a handbook of examples for practices that wish to integrate more research into their work and a reference book for students that seek to prepare themselves for the changing shape of practice in architecture. It addresses the increasing integration of research undertaken in architectural practices of different sizes ranging from small to very large practices from the UK, USA, Europe and Asia. The book is organized according to the size of the practices which is significant in that it addresses the different structures and resourcing requirements that are enabled by specific practice sizes, as this determines and constrains the type, scope and modes of research available to a given practice. The practices covered include: Woods Bagot Perkins + Will White AECOM UN Studio Shop Architects PLP Architecture Kieran Timberlake 3XN ONL AZPML Thomas Herzog + Partners Herreros Arquitectos Spacescape OCEAN Design Research Association By taking stock of the current shape of practice, the book provides essential information for professional architects who are integrating research into their practice.


Book Synopsis The Changing Shape of Practice by : Michael U. Hensel

Download or read book The Changing Shape of Practice written by Michael U. Hensel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architectural practices worldwide have to deal with increasingly complex design requirements. How do practices acquire the ability to do so? The Changing Shape of Practice provides a handbook of examples for practices that wish to integrate more research into their work and a reference book for students that seek to prepare themselves for the changing shape of practice in architecture. It addresses the increasing integration of research undertaken in architectural practices of different sizes ranging from small to very large practices from the UK, USA, Europe and Asia. The book is organized according to the size of the practices which is significant in that it addresses the different structures and resourcing requirements that are enabled by specific practice sizes, as this determines and constrains the type, scope and modes of research available to a given practice. The practices covered include: Woods Bagot Perkins + Will White AECOM UN Studio Shop Architects PLP Architecture Kieran Timberlake 3XN ONL AZPML Thomas Herzog + Partners Herreros Arquitectos Spacescape OCEAN Design Research Association By taking stock of the current shape of practice, the book provides essential information for professional architects who are integrating research into their practice.

Computational Design Thinking

Computational Design Thinking

Author: Achim Menges

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-10-24

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 047066570X

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The current transition from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in design thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulation, and the crafting of objects is moving towards the generation of integrated systems through designer-authored computational processes. While there is a particular history of such an approach in architecture, its relative newness requires the continued progression of novel modes of design thinking for the architect of the 21st century. This AD Reader establishes a foundation for such thinking. It includes multifaceted reflections and speculations on the profound influence of computational paradigms on architecture. It presents relevant principles from the domains of mathematics and computer science, developmental and evolutionary biology, system science and philosophy, establishing a discourse for computational design thinking in architecture. Rather than a merely technical approach, the book will discuss essential intellectual concepts that are fundamental not only for a discourse on computational design but also for its practice. This anthology provides a unique collection of seminal texts by authors, who have either provided a significant starting point through which a computational approach to design has been pursued or have played a considerable role in shaping the field. An important aspect of this book is the manner in which adjacent fields and historical texts are connected. Both the source of original inspiration and scientific thought are presented alongside contemporary writings on the continually evolving computational design discourse. Emerging from the field of science, principally the subjects of morphogenesis, evolution and mathematics, selected texts provide a historical basis for a reconfigured mindset of processes that generate, arrange and describe form. Juxtaposed against more contemporary statements regarding the influence of computation on design thinking, the book offers advancements of fundamental texts to the particular purpose of establishing novel thought processes for architecture, theoretically and practically. The first reader to provide an effective framework for computational thinking in design. Includes classic texts by Johan W. von Goethe, D’Arcy Thompson, Ernst Mayr, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Gordan Pask, Christopher Alexander, John H. Holland, Nicholas Negroponte, William Mitchell, Peter J. Bentley & David W. Corne, Sanford Kwinter, John Frazer, Kostis Terzidis, Michael Weinstock and Achim Menges Features new writing by: Mark Burry, Jane Burry, Manuel DeLanda and Peter Trummer.


Book Synopsis Computational Design Thinking by : Achim Menges

Download or read book Computational Design Thinking written by Achim Menges and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current transition from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in design thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulation, and the crafting of objects is moving towards the generation of integrated systems through designer-authored computational processes. While there is a particular history of such an approach in architecture, its relative newness requires the continued progression of novel modes of design thinking for the architect of the 21st century. This AD Reader establishes a foundation for such thinking. It includes multifaceted reflections and speculations on the profound influence of computational paradigms on architecture. It presents relevant principles from the domains of mathematics and computer science, developmental and evolutionary biology, system science and philosophy, establishing a discourse for computational design thinking in architecture. Rather than a merely technical approach, the book will discuss essential intellectual concepts that are fundamental not only for a discourse on computational design but also for its practice. This anthology provides a unique collection of seminal texts by authors, who have either provided a significant starting point through which a computational approach to design has been pursued or have played a considerable role in shaping the field. An important aspect of this book is the manner in which adjacent fields and historical texts are connected. Both the source of original inspiration and scientific thought are presented alongside contemporary writings on the continually evolving computational design discourse. Emerging from the field of science, principally the subjects of morphogenesis, evolution and mathematics, selected texts provide a historical basis for a reconfigured mindset of processes that generate, arrange and describe form. Juxtaposed against more contemporary statements regarding the influence of computation on design thinking, the book offers advancements of fundamental texts to the particular purpose of establishing novel thought processes for architecture, theoretically and practically. The first reader to provide an effective framework for computational thinking in design. Includes classic texts by Johan W. von Goethe, D’Arcy Thompson, Ernst Mayr, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Gordan Pask, Christopher Alexander, John H. Holland, Nicholas Negroponte, William Mitchell, Peter J. Bentley & David W. Corne, Sanford Kwinter, John Frazer, Kostis Terzidis, Michael Weinstock and Achim Menges Features new writing by: Mark Burry, Jane Burry, Manuel DeLanda and Peter Trummer.