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Stoianoff (law, University of Wollongong, Australia) collects contributions from lawyers, scientists, and policy makers on issues related to the use of biological and genetic resources for commercial and scientific purposes. While emphasis is on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Interna.
Book Synopsis Accessing Biological Resources by : Natalie P. Stoianoff
Download or read book Accessing Biological Resources written by Natalie P. Stoianoff and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stoianoff (law, University of Wollongong, Australia) collects contributions from lawyers, scientists, and policy makers on issues related to the use of biological and genetic resources for commercial and scientific purposes. While emphasis is on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Interna.
The book aims to address the lack of information on the experiences of others by providing a comparative analysis of national access and benefit-sharing laws and policies in the 41 Pacific Rim countries that signed the CBD. It provides key insights on the main characteristics of selected access and benefit-sharing (ABS) policies and laws, their development, and implementation process. It contains a detailed comparative analysis of existing laws and policies. It presents four case studies of countries with regulations in place and contrasts them with four case studies of countries that are struggling to develop their regulations. It ends by discussing options of an international regime on ABS and a summary analysis of the main lessons and recommendations from the study.
Book Synopsis Accessing Biodiversity and Sharing the Benefits by : Santiago Carrizosa
Download or read book Accessing Biodiversity and Sharing the Benefits written by Santiago Carrizosa and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2004 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims to address the lack of information on the experiences of others by providing a comparative analysis of national access and benefit-sharing laws and policies in the 41 Pacific Rim countries that signed the CBD. It provides key insights on the main characteristics of selected access and benefit-sharing (ABS) policies and laws, their development, and implementation process. It contains a detailed comparative analysis of existing laws and policies. It presents four case studies of countries with regulations in place and contrasts them with four case studies of countries that are struggling to develop their regulations. It ends by discussing options of an international regime on ABS and a summary analysis of the main lessons and recommendations from the study.
Biodiversity is the base and source of most of the developmental activities. With the advent of modern biotechnology, the utilization of biological and genetic resources for various developmental ventures in medicine, health products, cosmetics, and industrial products increased manifold. Ever since the Convention on Biological Diversity rolled out a blueprint for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, the Parties to the Convention recognized them as cardinal principles for sustainable development that depends on biological diversity. The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing for Utilization of Genetic resources and Traditional Knowledge concretized the legal mandate for facilitated access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge for research and developmental purposes. The Protocol ensured equitable sharing of benefits to the indigenous and local communities that have shared traditional knowledge and contributed for the conservation of biological diversity. Being a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the Nagoya Protocol, India has been implementing the Convention and the Protocol through the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 provides facilitated access to biological resources and associated knowledge based on prior approval and mutually agreed terms. Even though both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol use the terms “genetic resources,” the Indian Biological Diversity Act regulates “biological resources.” This gives a broader scope to the regulation and benefit sharing. A three tier-mechanism has been created under the Act to regulate access to biological resources and associated knowledge and to ensure benefit sharing. The National Biodiversity Authority at the federal level provides prior approval to the non-Indian entities for research and commercial utilization of biological resources. This Authority also regulates transfer of research results and transfer of accessed biological resource to a third party. Any application for intellectual property protection for any product or process involving biological resources requires prior approval of the National Biodiversity Authority. The State Biodiversity Boards established in the States regulate access to biological resources by the Indian citizens at the state level. Both the National Biodiversity Authority and the State Biodiversity Boards determine benefit sharing at the time of granting approval. However, the State Biodiversity Boards do not have any clear mandate under the Act to accord approval and fix benefit sharing. This issue has been raised in the case of Divya Pharmacy v. Union of India (2018). The Biodiversity Management Committees established at the grassroots level in the local bodies have major duties of conservation and documentation of biodiversity and the associated knowledge available within its jurisdiction. These Committees also have the power to levy access fees from the persons accessing biological resources within its jurisdiction. The Biological Diversity Rules 2004, and the Access and Benefit Sharing Regulations 2014 aid the implementation of Biological Diversity Act. Nevertheless, the implementation of the Biological Diversity Act has been entangled with multiple challenges due to convoluted procedures, different enforcement approaches of State Biodiversity Boards and lack of clarity in the law itself. Hesitation of industry stakeholders to comply with the law and lack of participation and awareness about the access and benefit sharing process on the part of the local communities add the complexity to the implementation of the law. All these issues not only pose threat to the implementation of biodiversity law, but also threat to conservation and sustainable development. This paper will critically analyze the importance of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of biological resources globally and in a developing country like India to further sustainable development. It will shed light on the difficulties in implementing the biodiversity law in India. This paper will also examine how access and benefit sharing regime in India impacts research and innovation for sustainable development and how it benefits biodiversity conservation and local communities with the help of case studies.
Book Synopsis Regulated Use of Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Sustainable Development by : Pushpa Kumar Lakshmanan
Download or read book Regulated Use of Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Sustainable Development written by Pushpa Kumar Lakshmanan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity is the base and source of most of the developmental activities. With the advent of modern biotechnology, the utilization of biological and genetic resources for various developmental ventures in medicine, health products, cosmetics, and industrial products increased manifold. Ever since the Convention on Biological Diversity rolled out a blueprint for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, the Parties to the Convention recognized them as cardinal principles for sustainable development that depends on biological diversity. The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing for Utilization of Genetic resources and Traditional Knowledge concretized the legal mandate for facilitated access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge for research and developmental purposes. The Protocol ensured equitable sharing of benefits to the indigenous and local communities that have shared traditional knowledge and contributed for the conservation of biological diversity. Being a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the Nagoya Protocol, India has been implementing the Convention and the Protocol through the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 provides facilitated access to biological resources and associated knowledge based on prior approval and mutually agreed terms. Even though both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol use the terms “genetic resources,” the Indian Biological Diversity Act regulates “biological resources.” This gives a broader scope to the regulation and benefit sharing. A three tier-mechanism has been created under the Act to regulate access to biological resources and associated knowledge and to ensure benefit sharing. The National Biodiversity Authority at the federal level provides prior approval to the non-Indian entities for research and commercial utilization of biological resources. This Authority also regulates transfer of research results and transfer of accessed biological resource to a third party. Any application for intellectual property protection for any product or process involving biological resources requires prior approval of the National Biodiversity Authority. The State Biodiversity Boards established in the States regulate access to biological resources by the Indian citizens at the state level. Both the National Biodiversity Authority and the State Biodiversity Boards determine benefit sharing at the time of granting approval. However, the State Biodiversity Boards do not have any clear mandate under the Act to accord approval and fix benefit sharing. This issue has been raised in the case of Divya Pharmacy v. Union of India (2018). The Biodiversity Management Committees established at the grassroots level in the local bodies have major duties of conservation and documentation of biodiversity and the associated knowledge available within its jurisdiction. These Committees also have the power to levy access fees from the persons accessing biological resources within its jurisdiction. The Biological Diversity Rules 2004, and the Access and Benefit Sharing Regulations 2014 aid the implementation of Biological Diversity Act. Nevertheless, the implementation of the Biological Diversity Act has been entangled with multiple challenges due to convoluted procedures, different enforcement approaches of State Biodiversity Boards and lack of clarity in the law itself. Hesitation of industry stakeholders to comply with the law and lack of participation and awareness about the access and benefit sharing process on the part of the local communities add the complexity to the implementation of the law. All these issues not only pose threat to the implementation of biodiversity law, but also threat to conservation and sustainable development. This paper will critically analyze the importance of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of biological resources globally and in a developing country like India to further sustainable development. It will shed light on the difficulties in implementing the biodiversity law in India. This paper will also examine how access and benefit sharing regime in India impacts research and innovation for sustainable development and how it benefits biodiversity conservation and local communities with the help of case studies.
Book Synopsis Economics and Biological Diversity by : Jeffrey A. McNeely
Download or read book Economics and Biological Diversity written by Jeffrey A. McNeely and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Debates about Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) have moved on in recent years. An initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now moved to a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced: repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions; open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers’ rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses and sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Unfortunately, most of this debate is now crystallised into apparently intractable discussions such as implementing the certificates of origin, recognising traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expression as a form of intellectual property, and sovereignty for Indigenous peoples. Not everything in this new marketplace of ABS has been created de novo. Like most new entrants, ABS has disrupted existing legal and governance arrangements. This collection of chapters examines what is new, what has been changed, and what might be changed in response to the growing acceptance and prevalence of ABS of genetic resources. Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property: Developments in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources addresses current issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates about managing genetic resources through the ABS regime. The book explores key historical, doctrinal, and theoretical issues in the field, at the same time developing new ideas and perspectives around ABS. It shows the latest state of knowledge and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of intellectual property, governance, biodiversity and conservation, sustainable development, and agriculture.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property by : Kamalesh Adhikari
Download or read book Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property written by Kamalesh Adhikari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates about Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) have moved on in recent years. An initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now moved to a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced: repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions; open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers’ rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses and sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Unfortunately, most of this debate is now crystallised into apparently intractable discussions such as implementing the certificates of origin, recognising traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expression as a form of intellectual property, and sovereignty for Indigenous peoples. Not everything in this new marketplace of ABS has been created de novo. Like most new entrants, ABS has disrupted existing legal and governance arrangements. This collection of chapters examines what is new, what has been changed, and what might be changed in response to the growing acceptance and prevalence of ABS of genetic resources. Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property: Developments in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources addresses current issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates about managing genetic resources through the ABS regime. The book explores key historical, doctrinal, and theoretical issues in the field, at the same time developing new ideas and perspectives around ABS. It shows the latest state of knowledge and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of intellectual property, governance, biodiversity and conservation, sustainable development, and agriculture.
Addressing the management of genetic resources, this book offers a new assessment of the contemporary Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regime. Debates about ABS have moved on. The initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now shifted into a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced. These now cover a wide range of issues, including: digital sequence information, the repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers’ rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Drawing together perspectives from an interdisciplinary range of leading and emerging international scholars, this book offers a new approach to the ABS landscape; as it breaks from the standard regulatory analyses in order to explore alternative solutions to the intractable issues for the Access and Benefit Sharing of genetic resources. Addressing these modern legal debates from a perspective that will appeal to both ABS scholars and those with broader legal concerns in the areas of intellectual property, food, governance, Indigenous issues, and so on, this book will be a useful resource for scholars and students as well as those in government and in international institutions working in relevant areas.
Book Synopsis Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources, Information and Traditional Knowledge by : Charles Lawson
Download or read book Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources, Information and Traditional Knowledge written by Charles Lawson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the management of genetic resources, this book offers a new assessment of the contemporary Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regime. Debates about ABS have moved on. The initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now shifted into a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced. These now cover a wide range of issues, including: digital sequence information, the repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers’ rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Drawing together perspectives from an interdisciplinary range of leading and emerging international scholars, this book offers a new approach to the ABS landscape; as it breaks from the standard regulatory analyses in order to explore alternative solutions to the intractable issues for the Access and Benefit Sharing of genetic resources. Addressing these modern legal debates from a perspective that will appeal to both ABS scholars and those with broader legal concerns in the areas of intellectual property, food, governance, Indigenous issues, and so on, this book will be a useful resource for scholars and students as well as those in government and in international institutions working in relevant areas.
Interest in the commercial value of genetic and biochemical resources is burgeoning. Virtually no precedent exists for policies and legislation to govern and regulate what amounts to a brand new industry. This report provides guidelines for establishing policies for biodiversity prospecting.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity Prospecting by : Walter V. Reid
Download or read book Biodiversity Prospecting written by Walter V. Reid and published by World Resources Institute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the commercial value of genetic and biochemical resources is burgeoning. Virtually no precedent exists for policies and legislation to govern and regulate what amounts to a brand new industry. This report provides guidelines for establishing policies for biodiversity prospecting.
Assesses the health of the United States plants, animals, and ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources, V. 1 and 2 by : Catherine E. Puckett Haecker
Download or read book Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources, V. 1 and 2 written by Catherine E. Puckett Haecker and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 1998 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the health of the United States plants, animals, and ecosystems.
In this authoritative and comprehensive volume the authors explain the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on access and benefit-sharing, the effect of national laws to implement these, and aspects of typical contracts for the transfer of materials. They provide a unique sector-by-sector analysis of how genetic resources are used, the scientific, technological and regulatory trends and the different markets for products using biotechnology.
Book Synopsis The Commercial Use of Biodiversity by : Kerry ten Kate
Download or read book The Commercial Use of Biodiversity written by Kerry ten Kate and published by Earthscan Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this authoritative and comprehensive volume the authors explain the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on access and benefit-sharing, the effect of national laws to implement these, and aspects of typical contracts for the transfer of materials. They provide a unique sector-by-sector analysis of how genetic resources are used, the scientific, technological and regulatory trends and the different markets for products using biotechnology.
This book presents the issues surrounding the conservation of wildspecies and ecosystems used by people. It is aimed at final yearundergraduate and master's students taking courses in conservation,environmental management, ecological economics and relatedsubjects, as well as conservation professionals, includingmanagers, policy-makers and researchers. The structure of the bookis ideal for a course in conservation, comprising a theoreticalsection written by the authors, and a set of ten contributed casestudies intentionally diverse in discipline, geographical regionand system of study. The theoretical section provides the knowledgethat is needed to understand the issues, while the case studies canform the basis of seminars. Readers will emerge with a clearrecognition of the difficulties of limiting the harvesting ofbiological resources to sustainable levels, and of the boundariesof sustainable use as a conservation tool. The authors, an ecologist and an anthropologist, have bothworked on the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife forseveral years, including the ivory and rhino horn trades. The first book to examine the issues underlying thesustainable use debate in a fully interdisciplinary manner. Boththe theoretical section and the case studies approach the issuesusing methods from economics, ecology, anthropology and otherfields Designed as a course textbook, combining a theoretical sectionwith invited case studies written by expert practitioners in thefield Outlines the new direction that conservation biology (and thusconservation biologists) must take if it is to be successful
Book Synopsis Conservation of Biological Resources by : E. J. Milner-Gulland
Download or read book Conservation of Biological Resources written by E. J. Milner-Gulland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the issues surrounding the conservation of wildspecies and ecosystems used by people. It is aimed at final yearundergraduate and master's students taking courses in conservation,environmental management, ecological economics and relatedsubjects, as well as conservation professionals, includingmanagers, policy-makers and researchers. The structure of the bookis ideal for a course in conservation, comprising a theoreticalsection written by the authors, and a set of ten contributed casestudies intentionally diverse in discipline, geographical regionand system of study. The theoretical section provides the knowledgethat is needed to understand the issues, while the case studies canform the basis of seminars. Readers will emerge with a clearrecognition of the difficulties of limiting the harvesting ofbiological resources to sustainable levels, and of the boundariesof sustainable use as a conservation tool. The authors, an ecologist and an anthropologist, have bothworked on the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife forseveral years, including the ivory and rhino horn trades. The first book to examine the issues underlying thesustainable use debate in a fully interdisciplinary manner. Boththe theoretical section and the case studies approach the issuesusing methods from economics, ecology, anthropology and otherfields Designed as a course textbook, combining a theoretical sectionwith invited case studies written by expert practitioners in thefield Outlines the new direction that conservation biology (and thusconservation biologists) must take if it is to be successful
