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Leila Fawaz's pioneering study tells the story of the 1860 civil wars that began in Mount Lebanon and spilled over into Damascus. This period witnessed the most severe outbreak of sectarian violence in the history of Ottoman Syria and Lebanon. The author's close analytical narrative of the dramatic events of that year is set against the broader themes of nineteenth-century social, political, and economic change. Fawaz shows how social conflict, including "ethnic" civil wars, cannot be explained without analyzing the regional and international currents that play upon both central state power and local autonomy. She also demonstrates the important role of the communal balance between social and political institutions within regions. Fawaz's new insights into the formation of sectarian identities and conflict will make An Occasion for War essential reading for all students of the modern Middle East.
Book Synopsis An Occasion for War by : Leila Tarazi Fawaz
Download or read book An Occasion for War written by Leila Tarazi Fawaz and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leila Fawaz's pioneering study tells the story of the 1860 civil wars that began in Mount Lebanon and spilled over into Damascus. This period witnessed the most severe outbreak of sectarian violence in the history of Ottoman Syria and Lebanon. The author's close analytical narrative of the dramatic events of that year is set against the broader themes of nineteenth-century social, political, and economic change. Fawaz shows how social conflict, including "ethnic" civil wars, cannot be explained without analyzing the regional and international currents that play upon both central state power and local autonomy. She also demonstrates the important role of the communal balance between social and political institutions within regions. Fawaz's new insights into the formation of sectarian identities and conflict will make An Occasion for War essential reading for all students of the modern Middle East.
Download or read book On War written by Carl von Clausewitz and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Across centuries, the Islamic Middle East hosted large populations of Christians and Jews in addition to Muslims. Today, this diversity is mostly absent. In this book, Heather J. Sharkey examines the history that Muslims, Christians, and Jews once shared against the shifting backdrop of state policies. Focusing on the Ottoman Middle East before World War I, Sharkey offers a vivid and lively analysis of everyday social contacts, dress, music, food, bathing, and more, as they brought people together or pushed them apart. Historically, Islamic traditions of statecraft and law, which the Ottoman Empire maintained and adapted, treated Christians and Jews as protected subordinates to Muslims while prescribing limits to social mixing. Sharkey shows how, amid the pivotal changes of the modern era, efforts to simultaneously preserve and dismantle these hierarchies heightened tensions along religious lines and set the stage for the twentieth-century Middle East.
Book Synopsis A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East by : Heather J. Sharkey
Download or read book A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East written by Heather J. Sharkey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across centuries, the Islamic Middle East hosted large populations of Christians and Jews in addition to Muslims. Today, this diversity is mostly absent. In this book, Heather J. Sharkey examines the history that Muslims, Christians, and Jews once shared against the shifting backdrop of state policies. Focusing on the Ottoman Middle East before World War I, Sharkey offers a vivid and lively analysis of everyday social contacts, dress, music, food, bathing, and more, as they brought people together or pushed them apart. Historically, Islamic traditions of statecraft and law, which the Ottoman Empire maintained and adapted, treated Christians and Jews as protected subordinates to Muslims while prescribing limits to social mixing. Sharkey shows how, amid the pivotal changes of the modern era, efforts to simultaneously preserve and dismantle these hierarchies heightened tensions along religious lines and set the stage for the twentieth-century Middle East.
Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.
Book Synopsis Targeting Civilians in War by : Alexander B. Downes
Download or read book Targeting Civilians in War written by Alexander B. Downes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.
This illuminating book examines how the public funerals of major figures from the Civil War era shaped public memories of the war and allowed a diverse set of people to contribute to changing American national identities. These funerals featured lengthy processions that sometimes crossed multiple state lines, burial ceremonies open to the public, and other cultural productions of commemoration such as oration and song. As Sarah J. Purcell reveals, Americans' participation in these funeral rites led to contemplation and contestation over the political and social meanings of the war and the roles played by the honored dead. Public mourning for military heroes, reformers, and politicians distilled political and social anxieties as the country coped with the aftermath of mass death and casualties. Purcell shows how large-scale funerals for figures such as Henry Clay and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson set patterns for mourning culture and Civil War commemoration; after 1865, public funerals for figures such as Robert E. Lee, Charles Sumner, Frederick Douglass, and Winnie Davis elaborated on these patterns and fostered public debate about the meanings of the war, Reconstruction, race, and gender.
Book Synopsis Spectacle of Grief by : Sarah J. Purcell
Download or read book Spectacle of Grief written by Sarah J. Purcell and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illuminating book examines how the public funerals of major figures from the Civil War era shaped public memories of the war and allowed a diverse set of people to contribute to changing American national identities. These funerals featured lengthy processions that sometimes crossed multiple state lines, burial ceremonies open to the public, and other cultural productions of commemoration such as oration and song. As Sarah J. Purcell reveals, Americans' participation in these funeral rites led to contemplation and contestation over the political and social meanings of the war and the roles played by the honored dead. Public mourning for military heroes, reformers, and politicians distilled political and social anxieties as the country coped with the aftermath of mass death and casualties. Purcell shows how large-scale funerals for figures such as Henry Clay and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson set patterns for mourning culture and Civil War commemoration; after 1865, public funerals for figures such as Robert E. Lee, Charles Sumner, Frederick Douglass, and Winnie Davis elaborated on these patterns and fostered public debate about the meanings of the war, Reconstruction, race, and gender.
“A precisely crafted and bracingly honest” memoir of war and its aftershocks from the New York Times–bestselling author of Matterhorn (The Atlantic). In 1968, at the age of twenty-three, Karl Marlantes was dropped into the highland jungle of Vietnam, an inexperienced lieutenant in command of forty Marines who would live or die by his decisions. In his thirteen-month tour he saw intense combat, killing the enemy and watching friends die. Marlantes survived, but like many of his brothers in arms, he has spent the last forty years dealing with his experiences. In What It Is Like to Go to War, Marlantes takes a candid look at these experiences and critically examines how we might better prepare young soldiers for war. In the past, warriors were prepared for battle by ritual, religion, and literature—which also helped bring them home. While contemplating ancient works from Homer to the Mahabharata, Marlantes writes of the daily contradictions modern warriors are subject to, of being haunted by the face of a young North Vietnamese soldier he killed at close quarters, and of how he finally found a way to make peace with his past. Through it all, he demonstrates just how poorly prepared our nineteen-year-old warriors are for the psychological and spiritual aspects of the journey. In this memoir, the New York Times–bestselling author of Matterhorn offers “a well-crafted and forcefully argued work that contains fresh and important insights into what it’s like to be in a war and what it does to the human psyche” (The Washington Post).
Book Synopsis What It Is Like to Go to War by : Karl Marlantes
Download or read book What It Is Like to Go to War written by Karl Marlantes and published by Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A precisely crafted and bracingly honest” memoir of war and its aftershocks from the New York Times–bestselling author of Matterhorn (The Atlantic). In 1968, at the age of twenty-three, Karl Marlantes was dropped into the highland jungle of Vietnam, an inexperienced lieutenant in command of forty Marines who would live or die by his decisions. In his thirteen-month tour he saw intense combat, killing the enemy and watching friends die. Marlantes survived, but like many of his brothers in arms, he has spent the last forty years dealing with his experiences. In What It Is Like to Go to War, Marlantes takes a candid look at these experiences and critically examines how we might better prepare young soldiers for war. In the past, warriors were prepared for battle by ritual, religion, and literature—which also helped bring them home. While contemplating ancient works from Homer to the Mahabharata, Marlantes writes of the daily contradictions modern warriors are subject to, of being haunted by the face of a young North Vietnamese soldier he killed at close quarters, and of how he finally found a way to make peace with his past. Through it all, he demonstrates just how poorly prepared our nineteen-year-old warriors are for the psychological and spiritual aspects of the journey. In this memoir, the New York Times–bestselling author of Matterhorn offers “a well-crafted and forcefully argued work that contains fresh and important insights into what it’s like to be in a war and what it does to the human psyche” (The Washington Post).
Looks at the effect of deadly battle on the body and mind and offers new research findings to help prevent lasting adverse effects.
Book Synopsis On Combat by : Dave Grossman
Download or read book On Combat written by Dave Grossman and published by Ppct Research Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at the effect of deadly battle on the body and mind and offers new research findings to help prevent lasting adverse effects.
Book Synopsis Fourth Annual Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War by : Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department
Download or read book Fourth Annual Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War written by Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1904 with total page 1249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Faith written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
It’s 1854 and war rages between Britian and their French allies against Russia in Crimea, Turkey. Many of Britain’s sons have already been shipped to the front lines and more join them daily in the trenches. Lady Lillian Hansford is quite disappointed that the dashing British Captain she’s just met and has nevertheless formed an immediate attachment to, has been sent to fight against the Russians. Jaded and dejected, Lady Lillian searches the newspapers daily for news of the war and, in particular, her Captain. In so doing she discovers the terrible conditions of the wounded and dying soldiers in Crimea. She also learns that Miss Florence Nightingale is gathering her own group of nurses with plans to travel to the Crimea to help treat the wounded and improve their conditions. Although initially motivated by a sense of Christian charity, she nonetheless, see an opportunity to be with her Captain. She convinces Miss Nightingale to take her with her as her personal assistant. Lillian works tirelessly to ease the suffering of the wounded but in the chaos of war, is unable to find her Captain. She does encounter one of his lieutenants, James Wright, whom she resents and mistrusts, convinced he is trying to keep her from her Captain. Lieutenant James Wright was raised by a poor Irish family and groomed from the start for a military career. He never questioned his commission when he found himself fighting against the Russians in the Crimea. He does question, however, his frequent and puzzling dreams about a woman who he felt he knew to be his mother but who was not the woman who raised him. Were these dreams or childhood memories resurfacing? Lillian begins to question her own convictions as well. For some reason nothing is as it seems concerning her Captain. And she finally comes to the conclusion that what she really desires is just one worthy gentleman of noble character and firm convictions who would be a hero rather than acting the part for personal advantage.
Book Synopsis An Occasion Of Valor by : Wayne M. Hoy
Download or read book An Occasion Of Valor written by Wayne M. Hoy and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s 1854 and war rages between Britian and their French allies against Russia in Crimea, Turkey. Many of Britain’s sons have already been shipped to the front lines and more join them daily in the trenches. Lady Lillian Hansford is quite disappointed that the dashing British Captain she’s just met and has nevertheless formed an immediate attachment to, has been sent to fight against the Russians. Jaded and dejected, Lady Lillian searches the newspapers daily for news of the war and, in particular, her Captain. In so doing she discovers the terrible conditions of the wounded and dying soldiers in Crimea. She also learns that Miss Florence Nightingale is gathering her own group of nurses with plans to travel to the Crimea to help treat the wounded and improve their conditions. Although initially motivated by a sense of Christian charity, she nonetheless, see an opportunity to be with her Captain. She convinces Miss Nightingale to take her with her as her personal assistant. Lillian works tirelessly to ease the suffering of the wounded but in the chaos of war, is unable to find her Captain. She does encounter one of his lieutenants, James Wright, whom she resents and mistrusts, convinced he is trying to keep her from her Captain. Lieutenant James Wright was raised by a poor Irish family and groomed from the start for a military career. He never questioned his commission when he found himself fighting against the Russians in the Crimea. He does question, however, his frequent and puzzling dreams about a woman who he felt he knew to be his mother but who was not the woman who raised him. Were these dreams or childhood memories resurfacing? Lillian begins to question her own convictions as well. For some reason nothing is as it seems concerning her Captain. And she finally comes to the conclusion that what she really desires is just one worthy gentleman of noble character and firm convictions who would be a hero rather than acting the part for personal advantage.
