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Answer Set Programming

Author: Vladimir Lifschitz

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-08-29

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 3030246582

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Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. ASP is a form of declarative programming: an ASP program describes what is counted as a solution to the problem, but does not specify an algorithm for solving it. Search is performed by sophisticated software systems called answer set solvers. Combinatorial search problems often arise in science and technology, and ASP has found applications in diverse areas—in historical linguistic, in bioinformatics, in robotics, in space exploration, in oil and gas industry, and many others. The importance of this programming method was recognized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 2016, when AI Magazine published a special issue on answer set programming. The book introduces the reader to the theory and practice of ASP. It describes the input language of the answer set solver CLINGO, which was designed at the University of Potsdam in Germany and is used today by ASP programmers in many countries. It includes numerous examples of ASP programs and present the mathematical theory that ASP is based on. There are many exercises with complete solutions.

Book Synopsis Answer Set Programming by : Vladimir Lifschitz

Download or read book Answer Set Programming written by Vladimir Lifschitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. ASP is a form of declarative programming: an ASP program describes what is counted as a solution to the problem, but does not specify an algorithm for solving it. Search is performed by sophisticated software systems called answer set solvers. Combinatorial search problems often arise in science and technology, and ASP has found applications in diverse areas—in historical linguistic, in bioinformatics, in robotics, in space exploration, in oil and gas industry, and many others. The importance of this programming method was recognized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 2016, when AI Magazine published a special issue on answer set programming. The book introduces the reader to the theory and practice of ASP. It describes the input language of the answer set solver CLINGO, which was designed at the University of Potsdam in Germany and is used today by ASP programmers in many countries. It includes numerous examples of ASP programs and present the mathematical theory that ASP is based on. There are many exercises with complete solutions.

Answer Set Solving in Practice

Author: Martin Liu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 3031015614

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Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even beyond KRR. This book presents a practical introduction to ASP, aiming at using ASP languages and systems for solving application problems. Starting from the essential formal foundations, it introduces ASP's solving technology, modeling language and methodology, while illustrating the overall solving process by practical examples. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Motivation / Introduction / Basic modeling / Grounding / Characterizations / Solving / Systems / Advanced modeling / Conclusions

Book Synopsis Answer Set Solving in Practice by : Martin Liu

Download or read book Answer Set Solving in Practice written by Martin Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even beyond KRR. This book presents a practical introduction to ASP, aiming at using ASP languages and systems for solving application problems. Starting from the essential formal foundations, it introduces ASP's solving technology, modeling language and methodology, while illustrating the overall solving process by practical examples. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Motivation / Introduction / Basic modeling / Grounding / Characterizations / Solving / Systems / Advanced modeling / Conclusions

Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents

Author: Michael Gelfond

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-03-10

Total Pages: 363

ISBN-13: 1107782872

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Knowledge representation and reasoning is the foundation of artificial intelligence, declarative programming, and the design of knowledge-intensive software systems capable of performing intelligent tasks. Using logical and probabilistic formalisms based on answer set programming (ASP) and action languages, this book shows how knowledge-intensive systems can be given knowledge about the world and how it can be used to solve non-trivial computational problems. The authors maintain a balance between mathematical analysis and practical design of intelligent agents. All the concepts, such as answering queries, planning, diagnostics, and probabilistic reasoning, are illustrated by programs of ASP. The text can be used for AI-related undergraduate and graduate classes and by researchers who would like to learn more about ASP and knowledge representation.

Book Synopsis Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents by : Michael Gelfond

Download or read book Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents written by Michael Gelfond and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation and reasoning is the foundation of artificial intelligence, declarative programming, and the design of knowledge-intensive software systems capable of performing intelligent tasks. Using logical and probabilistic formalisms based on answer set programming (ASP) and action languages, this book shows how knowledge-intensive systems can be given knowledge about the world and how it can be used to solve non-trivial computational problems. The authors maintain a balance between mathematical analysis and practical design of intelligent agents. All the concepts, such as answering queries, planning, diagnostics, and probabilistic reasoning, are illustrated by programs of ASP. The text can be used for AI-related undergraduate and graduate classes and by researchers who would like to learn more about ASP and knowledge representation.

Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Information Systems

Author: Sergio Tessaris

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-08-17

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 3642037534

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This book contains a collection of revised tutorial papers based on lectures given by researchers at the 5th International Summer School on the Reasoning Web. It introduces semantic web methods and research issues with a particular emphasis on reasoning.

Book Synopsis Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Information Systems by : Sergio Tessaris

Download or read book Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Information Systems written by Sergio Tessaris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of revised tutorial papers based on lectures given by researchers at the 5th International Summer School on the Reasoning Web. It introduces semantic web methods and research issues with a particular emphasis on reasoning.

Reasoning Web. Declarative Artificial Intelligence

Author: Marco Manna

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-10-17

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 303060067X

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This volume contains 8 lecture notes of the 16th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2020), held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2020. The Reasoning Web series of annual summer schools has become the prime educational event in the field of reasoning techniques on the Web, attracting both young and established researchers. The broad theme of this year's summer school was “Declarative Artificial Intelligence” and it covered various aspects of ontological reasoning and related issues that are of particular interest to Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. The following eight lectures have been presented during the school: Introduction to Probabilistic Ontologies, On the Complexity of Learning Description Logic Ontologies, Explanation via Machine Arguing, Stream Reasoning: From Theory to Practice, First-Order Rewritability of Temporal Ontology-Mediated Queries, An Introduction to Answer Set Programming and Some of Its Extensions, Declarative Data Analysis using Limit Datalog Programs, and Knowledge Graphs: Research Directions.

Book Synopsis Reasoning Web. Declarative Artificial Intelligence by : Marco Manna

Download or read book Reasoning Web. Declarative Artificial Intelligence written by Marco Manna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains 8 lecture notes of the 16th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2020), held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2020. The Reasoning Web series of annual summer schools has become the prime educational event in the field of reasoning techniques on the Web, attracting both young and established researchers. The broad theme of this year's summer school was “Declarative Artificial Intelligence” and it covered various aspects of ontological reasoning and related issues that are of particular interest to Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. The following eight lectures have been presented during the school: Introduction to Probabilistic Ontologies, On the Complexity of Learning Description Logic Ontologies, Explanation via Machine Arguing, Stream Reasoning: From Theory to Practice, First-Order Rewritability of Temporal Ontology-Mediated Queries, An Introduction to Answer Set Programming and Some of Its Extensions, Declarative Data Analysis using Limit Datalog Programs, and Knowledge Graphs: Research Directions.

Handbook of Satisfiability

Author: A. Biere

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 2021-05-05

Total Pages: 1486

ISBN-13: 1643681613

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Propositional logic has been recognized throughout the centuries as one of the cornerstones of reasoning in philosophy and mathematics. Over time, its formalization into Boolean algebra was accompanied by the recognition that a wide range of combinatorial problems can be expressed as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems. Because of this dual role, SAT developed into a mature, multi-faceted scientific discipline, and from the earliest days of computing a search was underway to discover how to solve SAT problems in an automated fashion. This book, the Handbook of Satisfiability, is the second, updated and revised edition of the book first published in 2009 under the same name. The handbook aims to capture the full breadth and depth of SAT and to bring together significant progress and advances in automated solving. Topics covered span practical and theoretical research on SAT and its applications and include search algorithms, heuristics, analysis of algorithms, hard instances, randomized formulae, problem encodings, industrial applications, solvers, simplifiers, tools, case studies and empirical results. SAT is interpreted in a broad sense, so as well as propositional satisfiability, there are chapters covering the domain of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF), constraints programming techniques (CSP) for word-level problems and their propositional encoding, and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). An extensive bibliography completes each chapter. This second edition of the handbook will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, final-year undergraduates, and practitioners using or contributing to SAT, and will provide both an inspiration and a rich resource for their work. Edmund Clarke, 2007 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT solving is a key technology for 21st century computer science." Donald Knuth, 1974 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT is evidently a killer app, because it is key to the solution of so many other problems." Stephen Cook, 1982 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "The SAT problem is at the core of arguably the most fundamental question in computer science: What makes a problem hard?"

Book Synopsis Handbook of Satisfiability by : A. Biere

Download or read book Handbook of Satisfiability written by A. Biere and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 1486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propositional logic has been recognized throughout the centuries as one of the cornerstones of reasoning in philosophy and mathematics. Over time, its formalization into Boolean algebra was accompanied by the recognition that a wide range of combinatorial problems can be expressed as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems. Because of this dual role, SAT developed into a mature, multi-faceted scientific discipline, and from the earliest days of computing a search was underway to discover how to solve SAT problems in an automated fashion. This book, the Handbook of Satisfiability, is the second, updated and revised edition of the book first published in 2009 under the same name. The handbook aims to capture the full breadth and depth of SAT and to bring together significant progress and advances in automated solving. Topics covered span practical and theoretical research on SAT and its applications and include search algorithms, heuristics, analysis of algorithms, hard instances, randomized formulae, problem encodings, industrial applications, solvers, simplifiers, tools, case studies and empirical results. SAT is interpreted in a broad sense, so as well as propositional satisfiability, there are chapters covering the domain of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF), constraints programming techniques (CSP) for word-level problems and their propositional encoding, and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). An extensive bibliography completes each chapter. This second edition of the handbook will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, final-year undergraduates, and practitioners using or contributing to SAT, and will provide both an inspiration and a rich resource for their work. Edmund Clarke, 2007 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT solving is a key technology for 21st century computer science." Donald Knuth, 1974 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT is evidently a killer app, because it is key to the solution of so many other problems." Stephen Cook, 1982 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "The SAT problem is at the core of arguably the most fundamental question in computer science: What makes a problem hard?"

Inductive Logic Programming

Author: Stephen Muggleton

Publisher:

Published: 2014-01-15

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 9783662186947

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Book Synopsis Inductive Logic Programming by : Stephen Muggleton

Download or read book Inductive Logic Programming written by Stephen Muggleton and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Logic Programming Paradigm

Author: Krzysztof R. Apt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 3642600859

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This exciting new text reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm since its inception and the impressively broad scope of current research in the field. The contributors to this book are all leading world experts in Logic Programming, and they deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address such diverse topics as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, planning, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, an alternative to the "formulas as types" approach, program semantics and analysis, and natural language processing. XXXXXXX Neuer Text Logic Programming was founded 25 years ago. This exciting book reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm and its impressively broad scope of current research. The contributions by leading computer scientists deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address diverse topics such as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, program semantics, natural language processing, and promising future directions.

Book Synopsis The Logic Programming Paradigm by : Krzysztof R. Apt

Download or read book The Logic Programming Paradigm written by Krzysztof R. Apt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting new text reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm since its inception and the impressively broad scope of current research in the field. The contributors to this book are all leading world experts in Logic Programming, and they deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address such diverse topics as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, planning, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, an alternative to the "formulas as types" approach, program semantics and analysis, and natural language processing. XXXXXXX Neuer Text Logic Programming was founded 25 years ago. This exciting book reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm and its impressively broad scope of current research. The contributions by leading computer scientists deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address diverse topics such as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, program semantics, natural language processing, and promising future directions.

Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology

Author: Zhang, Liang-Jie

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2018-10-19

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 1522572694

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With the development of Web 2.0 technologies, the internet has become a huge platform for information and data sharing. As such, web services provide an important foundation for branching technologies in end-user computing and applications. To make online technology more accessible for users, it is important to optimize web services to function properly or offer a personalized experience. Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of existing technologies for web service usability and accessibility. Highlighting a range of topics including business processes, cyber-physical systems, and recommendation accuracy, this book is ideally designed for IT professionals, researchers, graduate-level students, software developers, academicians, and computer engineers seeking current research on adapting online information and services to user needs.

Book Synopsis Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology by : Zhang, Liang-Jie

Download or read book Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology written by Zhang, Liang-Jie and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of Web 2.0 technologies, the internet has become a huge platform for information and data sharing. As such, web services provide an important foundation for branching technologies in end-user computing and applications. To make online technology more accessible for users, it is important to optimize web services to function properly or offer a personalized experience. Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of existing technologies for web service usability and accessibility. Highlighting a range of topics including business processes, cyber-physical systems, and recommendation accuracy, this book is ideally designed for IT professionals, researchers, graduate-level students, software developers, academicians, and computer engineers seeking current research on adapting online information and services to user needs.

Elements of Programming

Author: Alexander Stepanov

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2019-06-27

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 0578222140

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Elements of Programming provides a different understanding of programming than is presented elsewhere. Its major premise is that practical programming, like other areas of science and engineering, must be based on a solid mathematical foundation. The book shows that algorithms implemented in a real programming language, such as C++, can operate in the most general mathematical setting. For example, the fast exponentiation algorithm is defined to work with any associative operation. Using abstract algorithms leads to efficient, reliable, secure, and economical software.

Book Synopsis Elements of Programming by : Alexander Stepanov

Download or read book Elements of Programming written by Alexander Stepanov and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elements of Programming provides a different understanding of programming than is presented elsewhere. Its major premise is that practical programming, like other areas of science and engineering, must be based on a solid mathematical foundation. The book shows that algorithms implemented in a real programming language, such as C++, can operate in the most general mathematical setting. For example, the fast exponentiation algorithm is defined to work with any associative operation. Using abstract algorithms leads to efficient, reliable, secure, and economical software.