Atheism: A Very Short Introduction

Atheism: A Very Short Introduction

Author: Julian Baggini

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2003-06-26

Total Pages: 137

ISBN-13: 9780192804242

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Do you think of atheists as immoral pessimists who live their lives without meaning, purpose, or values? Think again! Atheism: A Very Short Introduction sets out to dispel the myths that surround atheism and show how a life without religious belief can be positive, meaningful, and moral.


Book Synopsis Atheism: A Very Short Introduction by : Julian Baggini

Download or read book Atheism: A Very Short Introduction written by Julian Baggini and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you think of atheists as immoral pessimists who live their lives without meaning, purpose, or values? Think again! Atheism: A Very Short Introduction sets out to dispel the myths that surround atheism and show how a life without religious belief can be positive, meaningful, and moral.


Atheism Explained

Atheism Explained

Author: David Ramsay Steele

Publisher: Open Court

Published: 2008-02-01

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 0812697030

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Atheism Explained explores the claims made both for and against the existence of God. On the pro side: that the wonders of the world can only be explained by an intelligent creator; that the universe had to start somewhere; telepathy, out-of-body experiences, and other paranormal phenomena demonstrate the existence of a spirit world; and that those who experience God directly provide evidence as real as any physical finding. After disputing these arguments through calm, careful criticism, author David Ramsay Steele presents the reasons why God cannot exist: monstrous, appalling evils; the impossibility of omniscience; and the senseless concept that God is a thinking mind without a brain. He also explores controversial topics such as Intelligent Design, the power of prayer, religion without God, and whether a belief in God makes people happier and healthier. Steele’s rational, easy-to-understand prose helps readers form their own conclusions about this eternally thorny topic.


Book Synopsis Atheism Explained by : David Ramsay Steele

Download or read book Atheism Explained written by David Ramsay Steele and published by Open Court. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atheism Explained explores the claims made both for and against the existence of God. On the pro side: that the wonders of the world can only be explained by an intelligent creator; that the universe had to start somewhere; telepathy, out-of-body experiences, and other paranormal phenomena demonstrate the existence of a spirit world; and that those who experience God directly provide evidence as real as any physical finding. After disputing these arguments through calm, careful criticism, author David Ramsay Steele presents the reasons why God cannot exist: monstrous, appalling evils; the impossibility of omniscience; and the senseless concept that God is a thinking mind without a brain. He also explores controversial topics such as Intelligent Design, the power of prayer, religion without God, and whether a belief in God makes people happier and healthier. Steele’s rational, easy-to-understand prose helps readers form their own conclusions about this eternally thorny topic.


Systematic Atheology

Systematic Atheology

Author: John R. Shook

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-12-01

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 135162637X

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Atheology is the intellectual effort to understand atheism, defend the reasonableness of unbelief, and support nonbelievers in their encounters with religion. This book presents a historical overview of the development of atheology from ancient thought to the present day. It offers in-depth examinations of four distinctive schools of atheological thought: rationalist atheology, scientific atheology, moral atheology, and civic atheology. John R. Shook shows how a familiarity with atheology’s complex histories, forms, and strategies illuminates the contentious features of today’s atheist and secularist movements, which are just as capable of contesting each other as opposing religion. The result is a book that provides a disciplined and philosophically rigorous examination of atheism’s intellectual strategies for reasoning with theology. Systematic Atheology is an important contribution to the philosophy of religion, religious studies, secular studies, and the sociology and psychology of nonreligion.


Book Synopsis Systematic Atheology by : John R. Shook

Download or read book Systematic Atheology written by John R. Shook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atheology is the intellectual effort to understand atheism, defend the reasonableness of unbelief, and support nonbelievers in their encounters with religion. This book presents a historical overview of the development of atheology from ancient thought to the present day. It offers in-depth examinations of four distinctive schools of atheological thought: rationalist atheology, scientific atheology, moral atheology, and civic atheology. John R. Shook shows how a familiarity with atheology’s complex histories, forms, and strategies illuminates the contentious features of today’s atheist and secularist movements, which are just as capable of contesting each other as opposing religion. The result is a book that provides a disciplined and philosophically rigorous examination of atheism’s intellectual strategies for reasoning with theology. Systematic Atheology is an important contribution to the philosophy of religion, religious studies, secular studies, and the sociology and psychology of nonreligion.


Battling the Gods

Battling the Gods

Author: Tim Whitmarsh

Publisher: Vintage

Published: 2015-11-10

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0307958337

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How new is atheism? Although adherents and opponents alike today present it as an invention of the European Enlightenment, when the forces of science and secularism broadly challenged those of faith, disbelief in the gods, in fact, originated in a far more remote past. In Battling the Gods, Tim Whitmarsh journeys into the ancient Mediterranean, a world almost unimaginably different from our own, to recover the stories and voices of those who first refused the divinities. Homer’s epic poems of human striving, journeying, and passion were ancient Greece’s only “sacred texts,” but no ancient Greek thought twice about questioning or mocking his stories of the gods. Priests were functionaries rather than sources of moral or cosmological wisdom. The absence of centralized religious authority made for an extraordinary variety of perspectives on sacred matters, from the devotional to the atheos, or “godless.” Whitmarsh explores this kaleidoscopic range of ideas about the gods, focusing on the colorful individuals who challenged their existence. Among these were some of the greatest ancient poets and philosophers and writers, as well as the less well known: Diagoras of Melos, perhaps the first self-professed atheist; Democritus, the first materialist; Socrates, executed for rejecting the gods of the Athenian state; Epicurus and his followers, who thought gods could not intervene in human affairs; the brilliantly mischievous satirist Lucian of Samosata. Before the revolutions of late antiquity, which saw the scriptural religions of Christianity and Islam enforced by imperial might, there were few constraints on belief. Everything changed, however, in the millennium between the appearance of the Homeric poems and Christianity’s establishment as Rome’s state religion in the fourth century AD. As successive Greco-Roman empires grew in size and complexity, and power was increasingly concentrated in central capitals, states sought to impose collective religious adherence, first to cults devoted to individual rulers, and ultimately to monotheism. In this new world, there was no room for outright disbelief: the label “atheist” was used now to demonize anyone who merely disagreed with the orthodoxy—and so it would remain for centuries. As the twenty-first century shapes up into a time of mass information, but also, paradoxically, of collective amnesia concerning the tangled histories of religions, Whitmarsh provides a bracing antidote to our assumptions about the roots of freethinking. By shining a light on atheism’s first thousand years, Battling the Gods offers a timely reminder that nonbelief has a wealth of tradition of its own, and, indeed, its own heroes.


Book Synopsis Battling the Gods by : Tim Whitmarsh

Download or read book Battling the Gods written by Tim Whitmarsh and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How new is atheism? Although adherents and opponents alike today present it as an invention of the European Enlightenment, when the forces of science and secularism broadly challenged those of faith, disbelief in the gods, in fact, originated in a far more remote past. In Battling the Gods, Tim Whitmarsh journeys into the ancient Mediterranean, a world almost unimaginably different from our own, to recover the stories and voices of those who first refused the divinities. Homer’s epic poems of human striving, journeying, and passion were ancient Greece’s only “sacred texts,” but no ancient Greek thought twice about questioning or mocking his stories of the gods. Priests were functionaries rather than sources of moral or cosmological wisdom. The absence of centralized religious authority made for an extraordinary variety of perspectives on sacred matters, from the devotional to the atheos, or “godless.” Whitmarsh explores this kaleidoscopic range of ideas about the gods, focusing on the colorful individuals who challenged their existence. Among these were some of the greatest ancient poets and philosophers and writers, as well as the less well known: Diagoras of Melos, perhaps the first self-professed atheist; Democritus, the first materialist; Socrates, executed for rejecting the gods of the Athenian state; Epicurus and his followers, who thought gods could not intervene in human affairs; the brilliantly mischievous satirist Lucian of Samosata. Before the revolutions of late antiquity, which saw the scriptural religions of Christianity and Islam enforced by imperial might, there were few constraints on belief. Everything changed, however, in the millennium between the appearance of the Homeric poems and Christianity’s establishment as Rome’s state religion in the fourth century AD. As successive Greco-Roman empires grew in size and complexity, and power was increasingly concentrated in central capitals, states sought to impose collective religious adherence, first to cults devoted to individual rulers, and ultimately to monotheism. In this new world, there was no room for outright disbelief: the label “atheist” was used now to demonize anyone who merely disagreed with the orthodoxy—and so it would remain for centuries. As the twenty-first century shapes up into a time of mass information, but also, paradoxically, of collective amnesia concerning the tangled histories of religions, Whitmarsh provides a bracing antidote to our assumptions about the roots of freethinking. By shining a light on atheism’s first thousand years, Battling the Gods offers a timely reminder that nonbelief has a wealth of tradition of its own, and, indeed, its own heroes.


Seven Types of Atheism

Seven Types of Atheism

Author: John Gray

Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Published: 2018-10-02

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 0374714266

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From the provocative author of Straw Dogs comes an incisive, surprising intervention in the political and scientific debate over religion and atheism When you explore older atheisms, you will find that some of your firmest convictions—secular or religious—are highly questionable. If this prospect disturbs you, what you are looking for may be freedom from thought. For a generation now, public debate has been corroded by a shrill, narrow derision of religion in the name of an often vaguely understood “science.” John Gray’s stimulating and enjoyable new book, Seven Types of Atheism, describes the complex, dynamic world of older atheisms, a tradition that is, he writes, in many ways intertwined with and as rich as religion itself. Along a spectrum that ranges from the convictions of “God-haters” like the Marquis de Sade to the mysticism of Arthur Schopenhauer, from Bertrand Russell’s search for truth in mathematics to secular political religions like Jacobinism and Nazism, Gray explores the various ways great minds have attempted to understand the questions of salvation, purpose, progress, and evil. The result is a book that sheds an extraordinary light on what it is to be human.


Book Synopsis Seven Types of Atheism by : John Gray

Download or read book Seven Types of Atheism written by John Gray and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the provocative author of Straw Dogs comes an incisive, surprising intervention in the political and scientific debate over religion and atheism When you explore older atheisms, you will find that some of your firmest convictions—secular or religious—are highly questionable. If this prospect disturbs you, what you are looking for may be freedom from thought. For a generation now, public debate has been corroded by a shrill, narrow derision of religion in the name of an often vaguely understood “science.” John Gray’s stimulating and enjoyable new book, Seven Types of Atheism, describes the complex, dynamic world of older atheisms, a tradition that is, he writes, in many ways intertwined with and as rich as religion itself. Along a spectrum that ranges from the convictions of “God-haters” like the Marquis de Sade to the mysticism of Arthur Schopenhauer, from Bertrand Russell’s search for truth in mathematics to secular political religions like Jacobinism and Nazism, Gray explores the various ways great minds have attempted to understand the questions of salvation, purpose, progress, and evil. The result is a book that sheds an extraordinary light on what it is to be human.


Atheism: Why God Does Not Exist

Atheism: Why God Does Not Exist

Author: Dan Steel

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2015-08-10

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 9781516823970

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Atheism is a subject that draws a lot of controversy into today's society. People are now starting to doubt the existence of God because of all the advancements in modern science and technology that explain many of life's questions. With that being said, there is still a lot of confusion out there about atheism and what its belief system actually is. The only thing that people seem to know is that it is the disbelief in God, but it actually goes much deeper than that. In fact, there are different types of atheists who don't all act the same way about their disbelief. Some of them are open to new scientific evidence that proves them wrong while others are simply determined to not believe in God no matter what. In this book you will not only learn about the general concept of atheism and its effect on the world, but you will also learn about the different types of atheists as well. Religious followers tend to think of atheists as "devil worshippers" and other nonsensical things. The reality is atheists are just people who believe is something that is not supernatural or superhuman. The religious community only holds their "devil" belief about atheists because it contradicts their own religion. But what the religious community fails to realize is that there are many different religions and faiths in the world that all have their own belief system. The actions a person commits in one religion will be offensive to some other religion in the world. Therefore, there is no way to make people of all faiths happy and satisfied. There will always be some group of people out there who gets offended by what you belief and what you do. So if you want to be an atheist then no one should feel afraid to be open about it. Atheism won't even take much time out of your day because there are no churches or group organizations to go to worship atheist beliefs. Another reason this book was written was because atheists travel a very lonely road. Sure there are some forums on the internet where you can chat with other atheists, but in your regular life there is nowhere you can go to meet up with other atheists. After all, how many atheists do you know in your regular life? You could probably count the number on one hand. Fortunately, anyone can celebrate being an atheist by simply waking up in the morning and asking themselves what is real to them and what is not. If they are still convinced that God is not real then they will be satisfied with that belief and go about their day. This book on Atheism is not meant to ridicule or put down anyone else's faith. Instead, it was written to actually help people of all faiths to better understand atheism and the viewpoints of atheists around the world. The world is very diverse as it pertains to people's religious beliefs. Many of the wars taking place around the world are formed from the basis of these beliefs. Hopefully, this book will show people of all religions that there is another belief system out there that does not indoctrinate or persecute anyone. Contents: -Preface -My experience with god -What is atheism -Types of atheism -Atheist philosophies -Why god is evil -Morality vs. religion -Do you need religion to be nice -Atheist criticisms of religion -Proof that there is no god -Religious people are less intelligent than atheists -Nonsense from the bible -Reasons for being an atheist! Why choose atheism -Atheism in the USA -Conclusion


Book Synopsis Atheism: Why God Does Not Exist by : Dan Steel

Download or read book Atheism: Why God Does Not Exist written by Dan Steel and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atheism is a subject that draws a lot of controversy into today's society. People are now starting to doubt the existence of God because of all the advancements in modern science and technology that explain many of life's questions. With that being said, there is still a lot of confusion out there about atheism and what its belief system actually is. The only thing that people seem to know is that it is the disbelief in God, but it actually goes much deeper than that. In fact, there are different types of atheists who don't all act the same way about their disbelief. Some of them are open to new scientific evidence that proves them wrong while others are simply determined to not believe in God no matter what. In this book you will not only learn about the general concept of atheism and its effect on the world, but you will also learn about the different types of atheists as well. Religious followers tend to think of atheists as "devil worshippers" and other nonsensical things. The reality is atheists are just people who believe is something that is not supernatural or superhuman. The religious community only holds their "devil" belief about atheists because it contradicts their own religion. But what the religious community fails to realize is that there are many different religions and faiths in the world that all have their own belief system. The actions a person commits in one religion will be offensive to some other religion in the world. Therefore, there is no way to make people of all faiths happy and satisfied. There will always be some group of people out there who gets offended by what you belief and what you do. So if you want to be an atheist then no one should feel afraid to be open about it. Atheism won't even take much time out of your day because there are no churches or group organizations to go to worship atheist beliefs. Another reason this book was written was because atheists travel a very lonely road. Sure there are some forums on the internet where you can chat with other atheists, but in your regular life there is nowhere you can go to meet up with other atheists. After all, how many atheists do you know in your regular life? You could probably count the number on one hand. Fortunately, anyone can celebrate being an atheist by simply waking up in the morning and asking themselves what is real to them and what is not. If they are still convinced that God is not real then they will be satisfied with that belief and go about their day. This book on Atheism is not meant to ridicule or put down anyone else's faith. Instead, it was written to actually help people of all faiths to better understand atheism and the viewpoints of atheists around the world. The world is very diverse as it pertains to people's religious beliefs. Many of the wars taking place around the world are formed from the basis of these beliefs. Hopefully, this book will show people of all religions that there is another belief system out there that does not indoctrinate or persecute anyone. Contents: -Preface -My experience with god -What is atheism -Types of atheism -Atheist philosophies -Why god is evil -Morality vs. religion -Do you need religion to be nice -Atheist criticisms of religion -Proof that there is no god -Religious people are less intelligent than atheists -Nonsense from the bible -Reasons for being an atheist! Why choose atheism -Atheism in the USA -Conclusion


Religion for Atheists

Religion for Atheists

Author: Alain De Botton

Publisher: Vintage

Published: 2012-03-06

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 0307907104

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What if religions are neither all true nor all nonsense? The long-running and often boring debate between fundamentalist believers and non-believers is finally moved forward by Alain de Botton’s inspiring new book, which boldly argues that the supernatural claims of religion are entirely false—but that it still has some very important things to teach the secular world. Religion for Atheists suggests that rather than mocking religion, agnostics and atheists should instead steal from it—because the world’s religions are packed with good ideas on how we might live and arrange our societies. Blending deep respect with total impiety, de Botton (a non-believer himself) proposes that we look to religion for insights into how to, among other concerns, build a sense of community, make our relationships last, overcome feelings of envy and inadequacy, inspire travel and reconnect with the natural world. For too long non-believers have faced a stark choice between either swallowing some peculiar doctrines or doing away with a range of consoling and beautiful rituals and ideas. At last, in Religion for Atheists, Alain de Botton has fashioned a far more interesting and truly helpful alternative.


Book Synopsis Religion for Atheists by : Alain De Botton

Download or read book Religion for Atheists written by Alain De Botton and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if religions are neither all true nor all nonsense? The long-running and often boring debate between fundamentalist believers and non-believers is finally moved forward by Alain de Botton’s inspiring new book, which boldly argues that the supernatural claims of religion are entirely false—but that it still has some very important things to teach the secular world. Religion for Atheists suggests that rather than mocking religion, agnostics and atheists should instead steal from it—because the world’s religions are packed with good ideas on how we might live and arrange our societies. Blending deep respect with total impiety, de Botton (a non-believer himself) proposes that we look to religion for insights into how to, among other concerns, build a sense of community, make our relationships last, overcome feelings of envy and inadequacy, inspire travel and reconnect with the natural world. For too long non-believers have faced a stark choice between either swallowing some peculiar doctrines or doing away with a range of consoling and beautiful rituals and ideas. At last, in Religion for Atheists, Alain de Botton has fashioned a far more interesting and truly helpful alternative.


Atheism

Atheism

Author: George H. Smith

Publisher: Prometheus Books

Published: 2010-11-02

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1615929959

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"Does a god exist? This question has undoubtedly been asked, in one form or another, since man has had the ability to communicate. . . Thousands of volumes have been written on the subject of a god, and the vast majority have answered the questions with a resounding 'Yes!' " "You are about to read a minority viewpoint." With this intriguing introduction, George H. Smith sets out to demolish what he considers the most widespread and destructive of all the myths devised by man - the concept of a supreme being. With painstaking scholarship and rigorous arguments, Mr. Smith examines, dissects, and refutes the myriad "proofs" offered by theists - the defenses of sophisticated, professional theologians, as well as the average religious layman. He explores the historical and psychological havoc wrought by religion in general - and concludes that religious belief cannot have any place in the life of modern, rational man. "It is not my purpose to convert people to atheism . . . (but to) demonstrate that the belief in God is irrational to the point of absurdity. If a person wishes to continue believing in a god, that is his prerogative, but he can no longer excuse his belief in the name of reason and moral necessity."


Book Synopsis Atheism by : George H. Smith

Download or read book Atheism written by George H. Smith and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Does a god exist? This question has undoubtedly been asked, in one form or another, since man has had the ability to communicate. . . Thousands of volumes have been written on the subject of a god, and the vast majority have answered the questions with a resounding 'Yes!' " "You are about to read a minority viewpoint." With this intriguing introduction, George H. Smith sets out to demolish what he considers the most widespread and destructive of all the myths devised by man - the concept of a supreme being. With painstaking scholarship and rigorous arguments, Mr. Smith examines, dissects, and refutes the myriad "proofs" offered by theists - the defenses of sophisticated, professional theologians, as well as the average religious layman. He explores the historical and psychological havoc wrought by religion in general - and concludes that religious belief cannot have any place in the life of modern, rational man. "It is not my purpose to convert people to atheism . . . (but to) demonstrate that the belief in God is irrational to the point of absurdity. If a person wishes to continue believing in a god, that is his prerogative, but he can no longer excuse his belief in the name of reason and moral necessity."


Making Sense of God

Making Sense of God

Author: Timothy Keller

Publisher: Penguin

Published: 2016-09-20

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 0525954155

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We live in an age of skepticism. Our society places such faith in empirical reason, historical progress, and heartfelt emotion that it’s easy to wonder: Why should anyone believe in Christianity? What role can faith and religion play in our modern lives? In this thoughtful and inspiring new book, pastor and New York Times bestselling author Timothy Keller invites skeptics to consider that Christianity is more relevant now than ever. As human beings, we cannot live without meaning, satisfaction, freedom, identity, justice, and hope. Christianity provides us with unsurpassed resources to meet these needs. Written for both the ardent believer and the skeptic, Making Sense of God shines a light on the profound value and importance of Christianity in our lives.


Book Synopsis Making Sense of God by : Timothy Keller

Download or read book Making Sense of God written by Timothy Keller and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an age of skepticism. Our society places such faith in empirical reason, historical progress, and heartfelt emotion that it’s easy to wonder: Why should anyone believe in Christianity? What role can faith and religion play in our modern lives? In this thoughtful and inspiring new book, pastor and New York Times bestselling author Timothy Keller invites skeptics to consider that Christianity is more relevant now than ever. As human beings, we cannot live without meaning, satisfaction, freedom, identity, justice, and hope. Christianity provides us with unsurpassed resources to meet these needs. Written for both the ardent believer and the skeptic, Making Sense of God shines a light on the profound value and importance of Christianity in our lives.


The Meaning of Belief

The Meaning of Belief

Author: Tim Crane

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 9780674982727

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Contemporary debate about religion seems to be going nowhere. Atheists persist with their arguments, many plausible and some unanswerable, but these make no impact on religious believers. Defenders of religion find atheists equally unwilling to cede ground. The Meaning of Belief offers a way out of this stalemate. An atheist himself, Tim Crane writes that there is a fundamental flaw with most atheists' basic approach: religion is not what they think it is. Atheists tend to treat religion as a kind of primitive cosmology, as the sort of explanation of the universe that science offers. They conclude that religious believers are irrational, superstitious, and bigoted. But this view of religion is almost entirely inaccurate. Crane offers an alternative account based on two ideas. The first is the idea of a religious impulse: the sense people have of something transcending the world of ordinary experience, even if it cannot be explicitly articulated. The second is the idea of identification: the fact that religion involves belonging to a specific social group and participating in practices that reinforce the bonds of belonging. Once these ideas are properly understood, the inadequacy of atheists' conventional conception of religion emerges. The Meaning of Belief does not assess the truth or falsehood of religion. Rather, it looks at the meaning of religious belief and offers a way of understanding it that both makes sense of current debate and also suggests what more intellectually responsible and practically effective attitudes atheists might take to the phenomenon of religion.--


Book Synopsis The Meaning of Belief by : Tim Crane

Download or read book The Meaning of Belief written by Tim Crane and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary debate about religion seems to be going nowhere. Atheists persist with their arguments, many plausible and some unanswerable, but these make no impact on religious believers. Defenders of religion find atheists equally unwilling to cede ground. The Meaning of Belief offers a way out of this stalemate. An atheist himself, Tim Crane writes that there is a fundamental flaw with most atheists' basic approach: religion is not what they think it is. Atheists tend to treat religion as a kind of primitive cosmology, as the sort of explanation of the universe that science offers. They conclude that religious believers are irrational, superstitious, and bigoted. But this view of religion is almost entirely inaccurate. Crane offers an alternative account based on two ideas. The first is the idea of a religious impulse: the sense people have of something transcending the world of ordinary experience, even if it cannot be explicitly articulated. The second is the idea of identification: the fact that religion involves belonging to a specific social group and participating in practices that reinforce the bonds of belonging. Once these ideas are properly understood, the inadequacy of atheists' conventional conception of religion emerges. The Meaning of Belief does not assess the truth or falsehood of religion. Rather, it looks at the meaning of religious belief and offers a way of understanding it that both makes sense of current debate and also suggests what more intellectually responsible and practically effective attitudes atheists might take to the phenomenon of religion.--