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Automation and Autonomy

Author: James Steinhoff

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-21

Total Pages: 259

ISBN-13: 3030716899

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This book argues that Marxist theory is essential for understanding the contemporary industrialization of the form of artificial intelligence (AI) called machine learning. It includes a political economic history of AI, tracking how it went from a fringe research interest for a handful of scientists in the 1950s to a centerpiece of cybernetic capital fifty years later. It also includes a political economic study of the scale, scope and dynamics of the contemporary AI industry as well as a labour process analysis of commercial machine learning software production, based on interviews with workers and management in AI companies around the world, ranging from tiny startups to giant technology firms. On the basis of this study, Steinhoff develops a Marxist analysis to argue that the popular theory of immaterial labour, which holds that information technologies increase the autonomy of workers from capital, tending towards a post-capitalist economy, does not adequately describe the situation of high-tech digital labour today. In the AI industry, digital labour remains firmly under the control of capital. Steinhoff argues that theories discerning therein an emergent autonomy of labour are in fact witnessing labour’s increasing automation.

Book Synopsis Automation and Autonomy by : James Steinhoff

Download or read book Automation and Autonomy written by James Steinhoff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that Marxist theory is essential for understanding the contemporary industrialization of the form of artificial intelligence (AI) called machine learning. It includes a political economic history of AI, tracking how it went from a fringe research interest for a handful of scientists in the 1950s to a centerpiece of cybernetic capital fifty years later. It also includes a political economic study of the scale, scope and dynamics of the contemporary AI industry as well as a labour process analysis of commercial machine learning software production, based on interviews with workers and management in AI companies around the world, ranging from tiny startups to giant technology firms. On the basis of this study, Steinhoff develops a Marxist analysis to argue that the popular theory of immaterial labour, which holds that information technologies increase the autonomy of workers from capital, tending towards a post-capitalist economy, does not adequately describe the situation of high-tech digital labour today. In the AI industry, digital labour remains firmly under the control of capital. Steinhoff argues that theories discerning therein an emergent autonomy of labour are in fact witnessing labour’s increasing automation.

Our Robots, Ourselves

Author: David A. Mindell

Publisher: Penguin

Published: 2015-10-13

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 0698157664

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“[An] essential book… it is required reading as we seriously engage one of the most important debates of our time.”—Sherry Turkle, author of Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age From drones to Mars rovers—an exploration of the most innovative use of robots today and a provocative argument for the crucial role of humans in our increasingly technological future. In Our Robots, Ourselves, David Mindell offers a fascinating behind-the-scenes look at the cutting edge of robotics today, debunking commonly held myths and exploring the rapidly changing relationships between humans and machines. Drawing on firsthand experience, extensive interviews, and the latest research from MIT and elsewhere, Mindell takes us to extreme environments—high atmosphere, deep ocean, and outer space—to reveal where the most advanced robotics already exist. In these environments, scientists use robots to discover new information about ancient civilizations, to map some of the world’s largest geological features, and even to “commute” to Mars to conduct daily experiments. But these tools of air, sea, and space also forecast the dangers, ethical quandaries, and unintended consequences of a future in which robotics and automation suffuse our everyday lives. Mindell argues that the stark lines we’ve drawn between human and not human, manual and automated, aren’t helpful for understanding our relationship with robotics. Brilliantly researched and accessibly written, Our Robots, Ourselves clarifies misconceptions about the autonomous robot, offering instead a hopeful message about what he calls “rich human presence” at the center of the technological landscape we are now creating.

Book Synopsis Our Robots, Ourselves by : David A. Mindell

Download or read book Our Robots, Ourselves written by David A. Mindell and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[An] essential book… it is required reading as we seriously engage one of the most important debates of our time.”—Sherry Turkle, author of Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age From drones to Mars rovers—an exploration of the most innovative use of robots today and a provocative argument for the crucial role of humans in our increasingly technological future. In Our Robots, Ourselves, David Mindell offers a fascinating behind-the-scenes look at the cutting edge of robotics today, debunking commonly held myths and exploring the rapidly changing relationships between humans and machines. Drawing on firsthand experience, extensive interviews, and the latest research from MIT and elsewhere, Mindell takes us to extreme environments—high atmosphere, deep ocean, and outer space—to reveal where the most advanced robotics already exist. In these environments, scientists use robots to discover new information about ancient civilizations, to map some of the world’s largest geological features, and even to “commute” to Mars to conduct daily experiments. But these tools of air, sea, and space also forecast the dangers, ethical quandaries, and unintended consequences of a future in which robotics and automation suffuse our everyday lives. Mindell argues that the stark lines we’ve drawn between human and not human, manual and automated, aren’t helpful for understanding our relationship with robotics. Brilliantly researched and accessibly written, Our Robots, Ourselves clarifies misconceptions about the autonomous robot, offering instead a hopeful message about what he calls “rich human presence” at the center of the technological landscape we are now creating.

Foundations of Trusted Autonomy

Author: Hussein A. Abbass

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-01-15

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13: 3319648160

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This book establishes the foundations needed to realize the ultimate goals for artificial intelligence, such as autonomy and trustworthiness. Aimed at scientists, researchers, technologists, practitioners, and students, it brings together contributions offering the basics, the challenges and the state-of-the-art on trusted autonomous systems in a single volume. The book is structured in three parts, with chapters written by eminent researchers and outstanding practitioners and users in the field. The first part covers foundational artificial intelligence technologies, while the second part covers philosophical, practical and technological perspectives on trust. Lastly, the third part presents advanced topics necessary to create future trusted autonomous systems. The book augments theory with real-world applications including cyber security, defence and space.

Book Synopsis Foundations of Trusted Autonomy by : Hussein A. Abbass

Download or read book Foundations of Trusted Autonomy written by Hussein A. Abbass and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book establishes the foundations needed to realize the ultimate goals for artificial intelligence, such as autonomy and trustworthiness. Aimed at scientists, researchers, technologists, practitioners, and students, it brings together contributions offering the basics, the challenges and the state-of-the-art on trusted autonomous systems in a single volume. The book is structured in three parts, with chapters written by eminent researchers and outstanding practitioners and users in the field. The first part covers foundational artificial intelligence technologies, while the second part covers philosophical, practical and technological perspectives on trust. Lastly, the third part presents advanced topics necessary to create future trusted autonomous systems. The book augments theory with real-world applications including cyber security, defence and space.

Algorithms and Autonomy

Author: Alan Rubel

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-05-20

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 1108841813

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This book examines how algorithms in criminal justice, education, housing, elections and beyond affect autonomy, freedom, and democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Book Synopsis Algorithms and Autonomy by : Alan Rubel

Download or read book Algorithms and Autonomy written by Alan Rubel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how algorithms in criminal justice, education, housing, elections and beyond affect autonomy, freedom, and democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence: A Threat or Savior?

Author: W.F. Lawless

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-24

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 3319597191

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This book explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI), by leading to an increase in the autonomy of machines and robots, is offering opportunities for an expanded but uncertain impact on society by humans, machines, and robots. To help readers better understand the relationships between AI, autonomy, humans and machines that will help society reduce human errors in the use of advanced technologies (e.g., airplanes, trains, cars), this edited volume presents a wide selection of the underlying theories, computational models, experimental methods, and field applications. While other literature deals with these topics individually, this book unifies the fields of autonomy and AI, framing them in the broader context of effective integration for human-autonomous machine and robotic systems. The contributions, written by world-class researchers and scientists, elaborate on key research topics at the heart of effective human-machine-robot-systems integration. These topics include, for example, computational support for intelligence analyses; the challenge of verifying today’s and future autonomous systems; comparisons between today’s machines and autism; implications of human information interaction on artificial intelligence and errors; systems that reason; the autonomy of machines, robots, buildings; and hybrid teams, where hybrid reflects arbitrary combinations of humans, machines and robots. The contributors span the field of autonomous systems research, ranging from industry and academia to government. Given the broad diversity of the research in this book, the editors strove to thoroughly examine the challenges and trends of systems that implement and exhibit AI; the social implications of present and future systems made autonomous with AI; systems with AI seeking to develop trusted relationships among humans, machines, and robots; and the effective human systems integration that must result for trust in these new systems and their applications to increase and to be sustained.

Book Synopsis Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence: A Threat or Savior? by : W.F. Lawless

Download or read book Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence: A Threat or Savior? written by W.F. Lawless and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI), by leading to an increase in the autonomy of machines and robots, is offering opportunities for an expanded but uncertain impact on society by humans, machines, and robots. To help readers better understand the relationships between AI, autonomy, humans and machines that will help society reduce human errors in the use of advanced technologies (e.g., airplanes, trains, cars), this edited volume presents a wide selection of the underlying theories, computational models, experimental methods, and field applications. While other literature deals with these topics individually, this book unifies the fields of autonomy and AI, framing them in the broader context of effective integration for human-autonomous machine and robotic systems. The contributions, written by world-class researchers and scientists, elaborate on key research topics at the heart of effective human-machine-robot-systems integration. These topics include, for example, computational support for intelligence analyses; the challenge of verifying today’s and future autonomous systems; comparisons between today’s machines and autism; implications of human information interaction on artificial intelligence and errors; systems that reason; the autonomy of machines, robots, buildings; and hybrid teams, where hybrid reflects arbitrary combinations of humans, machines and robots. The contributors span the field of autonomous systems research, ranging from industry and academia to government. Given the broad diversity of the research in this book, the editors strove to thoroughly examine the challenges and trends of systems that implement and exhibit AI; the social implications of present and future systems made autonomous with AI; systems with AI seeking to develop trusted relationships among humans, machines, and robots; and the effective human systems integration that must result for trust in these new systems and their applications to increase and to be sustained.

Automation and Autonomy

Author: James Steinhoff

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published: 2021-06-22

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 9783030716882

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Book Synopsis Automation and Autonomy by : James Steinhoff

Download or read book Automation and Autonomy written by James Steinhoff and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that Marxist theory is essential for understanding the contemporary industrialization of the form of artificial intelligence (AI) called machine learning. It includes a political economic history of AI, tracking how it went from a fringe research interest for a handful of scientists in the 1950s to a centerpiece of cybernetic capital fifty years later. It also includes a political economic study of the scale, scope and dynamics of the contemporary AI industry as well as a labour process analysis of commercial machine learning software production, based on interviews with workers and management in AI companies around the world, ranging from tiny startups to giant technology firms. On the basis of this study, Steinhoff develops a Marxist analysis to argue that the popular theory of immaterial labour, which holds that information technologies increase the autonomy of workers from capital, tending towards a post-capitalist economy, does not adequately describe the situation of high-tech digital labour today. In the AI industry, digital labour remains firmly under the control of capital. Steinhoff argues that theories discerning therein an emergent autonomy of labour are in fact witnessing labour’s increasing automation.

Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems

Author: Mustapha Mouloua

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-09-19

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 042985742X

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This book examines recent advances in theories, models, and methods relevant to automated and autonomous systems. The following chapters provide perspectives on modern autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems, directly from the professionals working with and studying them. Current theories surrounding topics such as vigilance, trust, and fatigue are examined throughout as predictors of human performance in the operation of automated systems. The challenges related to attention and effort in autonomous vehicles described within give credence to still-developing methods of training and selecting operators of such unmanned systems. The book further recognizes the need for human-centered approaches to design; a carefully crafted automated technology that places the "human user" in the center of that design process. Features Combines scientific theories with real-world applications where automated technologies are implemented Disseminates new understanding as to how automation is now transitioning to autonomy Highlights the role of individual and team characteristics in the piloting of unmanned systems and how models of human performance are applied in system design Discusses methods for selecting and training individuals to succeed in an age of increasingly complex human-machine systems Provides explicit benchmark comparisons of progress across the last few decades, and identifies future prognostications and the constraints that impinge upon these lines of progress Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods illustrates the modern scientific theories and methods to be applied in real-world automated technologies.

Book Synopsis Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems by : Mustapha Mouloua

Download or read book Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems written by Mustapha Mouloua and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines recent advances in theories, models, and methods relevant to automated and autonomous systems. The following chapters provide perspectives on modern autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems, directly from the professionals working with and studying them. Current theories surrounding topics such as vigilance, trust, and fatigue are examined throughout as predictors of human performance in the operation of automated systems. The challenges related to attention and effort in autonomous vehicles described within give credence to still-developing methods of training and selecting operators of such unmanned systems. The book further recognizes the need for human-centered approaches to design; a carefully crafted automated technology that places the "human user" in the center of that design process. Features Combines scientific theories with real-world applications where automated technologies are implemented Disseminates new understanding as to how automation is now transitioning to autonomy Highlights the role of individual and team characteristics in the piloting of unmanned systems and how models of human performance are applied in system design Discusses methods for selecting and training individuals to succeed in an age of increasingly complex human-machine systems Provides explicit benchmark comparisons of progress across the last few decades, and identifies future prognostications and the constraints that impinge upon these lines of progress Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods illustrates the modern scientific theories and methods to be applied in real-world automated technologies.

Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2014-07-23

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 0309306175

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The development and application of increasingly autonomous (IA) systems for civil aviation is proceeding at an accelerating pace, driven by the expectation that such systems will return significant benefits in terms of safety, reliability, efficiency, affordability, and/or previously unattainable mission capabilities. IA systems range from current automatic systems such as autopilots and remotely piloted unmanned aircraft to more highly sophisticated systems that are needed to enable a fully autonomous aircraft that does not require a pilot or human air traffic controllers. These systems, characterized by their ability to perform more complex mission-related tasks with substantially less human intervention for more extended periods of time, sometimes at remote distances, are being envisioned for aircraft and for air traffic management and other ground-based elements of the national airspace system. Civil aviation is on the threshold of potentially revolutionary improvements in aviation capabilities and operations associated with IA systems. These systems, however, face substantial barriers to integration into the national airspace system without degrading its safety or efficiency. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation identifies key barriers and suggests major elements of a national research agenda to address those barriers and help realize the benefits that IA systems can make to crewed aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and ground-based elements of the national airspace system. This report develops a set of integrated and comprehensive technical goals and objectives of importance to the civil aeronautics community and the nation. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation will be of interest to U.S. research organizations, industry, and academia who have a role in meeting these goals.

Book Synopsis Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation by : National Research Council

Download or read book Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and application of increasingly autonomous (IA) systems for civil aviation is proceeding at an accelerating pace, driven by the expectation that such systems will return significant benefits in terms of safety, reliability, efficiency, affordability, and/or previously unattainable mission capabilities. IA systems range from current automatic systems such as autopilots and remotely piloted unmanned aircraft to more highly sophisticated systems that are needed to enable a fully autonomous aircraft that does not require a pilot or human air traffic controllers. These systems, characterized by their ability to perform more complex mission-related tasks with substantially less human intervention for more extended periods of time, sometimes at remote distances, are being envisioned for aircraft and for air traffic management and other ground-based elements of the national airspace system. Civil aviation is on the threshold of potentially revolutionary improvements in aviation capabilities and operations associated with IA systems. These systems, however, face substantial barriers to integration into the national airspace system without degrading its safety or efficiency. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation identifies key barriers and suggests major elements of a national research agenda to address those barriers and help realize the benefits that IA systems can make to crewed aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and ground-based elements of the national airspace system. This report develops a set of integrated and comprehensive technical goals and objectives of importance to the civil aeronautics community and the nation. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation will be of interest to U.S. research organizations, industry, and academia who have a role in meeting these goals.

Autonomous Horizons

Author: Greg Zacharias

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2019-04-05

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9781092834346

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Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.

Book Synopsis Autonomous Horizons by : Greg Zacharias

Download or read book Autonomous Horizons written by Greg Zacharias and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.

Autonomous Weapons Systems

Author: Nehal Bhuta

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-09

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 1107153565

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This examination of the implications and regulation of autonomous weapons systems combines contributions from law, robotics and philosophy.

Book Synopsis Autonomous Weapons Systems by : Nehal Bhuta

Download or read book Autonomous Weapons Systems written by Nehal Bhuta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This examination of the implications and regulation of autonomous weapons systems combines contributions from law, robotics and philosophy.