Becoming a Model Minority

Becoming a Model Minority

Author: Fang GAO

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2010-03-25

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 0739136852

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Becoming a Model Minority: Schooling Experiences of Ethnic Koreans in China looks at the manner in which ethnic Korean students construct self-perception out of the model minority stereotype in their school and lives in Northeast China. It also examines how this self-perception impacts the strength of the model minority stereotype in their attitudes toward school and strategies for success. Fang Gao shows how this stereotype tends to obscure significant barriers to scholastic success suffered by Korean students, as well as how it silences the disadvantages faced by Korean schooling in China's reform period and neglects the importance of multiculturalism and racial equality under the context of a harmonious society.


Book Synopsis Becoming a Model Minority by : Fang GAO

Download or read book Becoming a Model Minority written by Fang GAO and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Becoming a Model Minority: Schooling Experiences of Ethnic Koreans in China looks at the manner in which ethnic Korean students construct self-perception out of the model minority stereotype in their school and lives in Northeast China. It also examines how this self-perception impacts the strength of the model minority stereotype in their attitudes toward school and strategies for success. Fang Gao shows how this stereotype tends to obscure significant barriers to scholastic success suffered by Korean students, as well as how it silences the disadvantages faced by Korean schooling in China's reform period and neglects the importance of multiculturalism and racial equality under the context of a harmonious society.


The Color of Success

The Color of Success

Author: Ellen D. Wu

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2015-12-29

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 0691168024

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The Color of Success tells of the astonishing transformation of Asians in the United States from the "yellow peril" to "model minorities"--peoples distinct from the white majority but lauded as well-assimilated, upwardly mobile, and exemplars of traditional family values--in the middle decades of the twentieth century. As Ellen Wu shows, liberals argued for the acceptance of these immigrant communities into the national fold, charging that the failure of America to live in accordance with its democratic ideals endangered the country's aspirations to world leadership. Weaving together myriad perspectives, Wu provides an unprecedented view of racial reform and the contradictions of national belonging in the civil rights era. She highlights the contests for power and authority within Japanese and Chinese America alongside the designs of those external to these populations, including government officials, social scientists, journalists, and others. And she demonstrates that the invention of the model minority took place in multiple arenas, such as battles over zoot suiters leaving wartime internment camps, the juvenile delinquency panic of the 1950s, Hawaii statehood, and the African American freedom movement. Together, these illuminate the impact of foreign relations on the domestic racial order and how the nation accepted Asians as legitimate citizens while continuing to perceive them as indelible outsiders. By charting the emergence of the model minority stereotype, The Color of Success reveals that this far-reaching, politically charged process continues to have profound implications for how Americans understand race, opportunity, and nationhood.


Book Synopsis The Color of Success by : Ellen D. Wu

Download or read book The Color of Success written by Ellen D. Wu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Color of Success tells of the astonishing transformation of Asians in the United States from the "yellow peril" to "model minorities"--peoples distinct from the white majority but lauded as well-assimilated, upwardly mobile, and exemplars of traditional family values--in the middle decades of the twentieth century. As Ellen Wu shows, liberals argued for the acceptance of these immigrant communities into the national fold, charging that the failure of America to live in accordance with its democratic ideals endangered the country's aspirations to world leadership. Weaving together myriad perspectives, Wu provides an unprecedented view of racial reform and the contradictions of national belonging in the civil rights era. She highlights the contests for power and authority within Japanese and Chinese America alongside the designs of those external to these populations, including government officials, social scientists, journalists, and others. And she demonstrates that the invention of the model minority took place in multiple arenas, such as battles over zoot suiters leaving wartime internment camps, the juvenile delinquency panic of the 1950s, Hawaii statehood, and the African American freedom movement. Together, these illuminate the impact of foreign relations on the domestic racial order and how the nation accepted Asians as legitimate citizens while continuing to perceive them as indelible outsiders. By charting the emergence of the model minority stereotype, The Color of Success reveals that this far-reaching, politically charged process continues to have profound implications for how Americans understand race, opportunity, and nationhood.


The Model Minority Stereotype

The Model Minority Stereotype

Author: Nicholas D. Hartlep

Publisher: IAP

Published: 2021-04-01

Total Pages: 413

ISBN-13: 1648024793

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Researchers, higher education administrators, and high school and university students desire a sourcebook like The Model Minority Stereotype: Demystifying Asian American Success. This second edition has updated contents that will assist readers in locating research and literature on the model minority stereotype. This sourcebook is composed of an annotated bibliography on the stereotype that Asian Americans are successful. Each chapter in The Model Minority Stereotype is thematic and challenges the model minority stereotype. Consisting of a twelfth and updated chapter, this book continues to be the most comprehensive book written on the model minority myth to date.


Book Synopsis The Model Minority Stereotype by : Nicholas D. Hartlep

Download or read book The Model Minority Stereotype written by Nicholas D. Hartlep and published by IAP. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers, higher education administrators, and high school and university students desire a sourcebook like The Model Minority Stereotype: Demystifying Asian American Success. This second edition has updated contents that will assist readers in locating research and literature on the model minority stereotype. This sourcebook is composed of an annotated bibliography on the stereotype that Asian Americans are successful. Each chapter in The Model Minority Stereotype is thematic and challenges the model minority stereotype. Consisting of a twelfth and updated chapter, this book continues to be the most comprehensive book written on the model minority myth to date.


Unraveling the "Model Minority" Stereotype

Unraveling the

Author: Stacy J. Lee

Publisher: Teachers College Press

Published: 2015-04-18

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 0807771163

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The second edition of Unraveling the "Model Minority" Stereotype: Listening to Asian American Youth extends Stacey Lee’s groundbreaking research on the educational experiences and achievement of Asian American youth. Lee provides a comprehensive update of social science research to reveal the ways in which the larger structures of race and class play out in the lives of Asian American high school students, especially regarding presumptions that the educational experiences of Koreans, Chinese, and Hmong youth are all largely the same. In her detailed and probing ethnography, Lee presents the experiences of these students in their own words, providing an authentic insider perspective on identity and interethnic relations in an often misunderstood American community. This second edition is essential reading for anyone interested in Asian American youth and their experiences in U.S. schools. Stacey J. Lee is Professor of Educational Policy Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is the author of Up Against Whiteness: Race, School, and Immigrant Youth. “Stacey Lee is one of the most powerful and influential scholarly voices to challenge the ‘model minority’ stereotype. Here in its second edition, Lee’s book offers an additional paradigm to explain the barriers to educating young Asian Americans in the 21st century—xenoracism (i.e., racial discrimination against immigrant minorities) intersecting with issues of social class.” —Xue Lan Rong, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill “Breaking important new theoretical and empirical ground, this revised edition is a must read for anyone interested in Asian American youth, race/ethnicity, and processes of transnational migration in the 21st century.” —Lois Weis, State University of New York Distinguished Professor “Clear, accessible, and significantly updated…. The book’s core lesson is as relevant today as it was when the first edition was published, presenting an urgent call to dismantle the dangerous stereotypes that continue to structure inequality in 21st century America.” —Teresa L. McCarty, Alice Wiley Snell Professor of Education Policy Studies, Arizona State University Praise for the First Edition! "Sure to stimulate further research in this area and will be of interest to teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and students alike." —Teachers College Record "A must read for those interested in a different approach in understanding our racial experience beyond the stale and repetitious polemics that so often dominate the public debate." —The Journal of Asian Studies “Well written and jargon-free, this book…documents genuinely candid views from Asian-American students, often laden with their own prejudices and ethnocentrism.” —MultiCultural Review


Book Synopsis Unraveling the "Model Minority" Stereotype by : Stacy J. Lee

Download or read book Unraveling the "Model Minority" Stereotype written by Stacy J. Lee and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-04-18 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Unraveling the "Model Minority" Stereotype: Listening to Asian American Youth extends Stacey Lee’s groundbreaking research on the educational experiences and achievement of Asian American youth. Lee provides a comprehensive update of social science research to reveal the ways in which the larger structures of race and class play out in the lives of Asian American high school students, especially regarding presumptions that the educational experiences of Koreans, Chinese, and Hmong youth are all largely the same. In her detailed and probing ethnography, Lee presents the experiences of these students in their own words, providing an authentic insider perspective on identity and interethnic relations in an often misunderstood American community. This second edition is essential reading for anyone interested in Asian American youth and their experiences in U.S. schools. Stacey J. Lee is Professor of Educational Policy Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is the author of Up Against Whiteness: Race, School, and Immigrant Youth. “Stacey Lee is one of the most powerful and influential scholarly voices to challenge the ‘model minority’ stereotype. Here in its second edition, Lee’s book offers an additional paradigm to explain the barriers to educating young Asian Americans in the 21st century—xenoracism (i.e., racial discrimination against immigrant minorities) intersecting with issues of social class.” —Xue Lan Rong, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill “Breaking important new theoretical and empirical ground, this revised edition is a must read for anyone interested in Asian American youth, race/ethnicity, and processes of transnational migration in the 21st century.” —Lois Weis, State University of New York Distinguished Professor “Clear, accessible, and significantly updated…. The book’s core lesson is as relevant today as it was when the first edition was published, presenting an urgent call to dismantle the dangerous stereotypes that continue to structure inequality in 21st century America.” —Teresa L. McCarty, Alice Wiley Snell Professor of Education Policy Studies, Arizona State University Praise for the First Edition! "Sure to stimulate further research in this area and will be of interest to teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and students alike." —Teachers College Record "A must read for those interested in a different approach in understanding our racial experience beyond the stale and repetitious polemics that so often dominate the public debate." —The Journal of Asian Studies “Well written and jargon-free, this book…documents genuinely candid views from Asian-American students, often laden with their own prejudices and ethnocentrism.” —MultiCultural Review


The Good Immigrants

The Good Immigrants

Author: Madeline Y. Hsu

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2017-04-11

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 0691176213

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Conventionally, US immigration history has been understood through the lens of restriction and those who have been barred from getting in. In contrast, The Good Immigrants considers immigration from the perspective of Chinese elites—intellectuals, businessmen, and students—who gained entrance because of immigration exemptions. Exploring a century of Chinese migrations, Madeline Hsu looks at how the model minority characteristics of many Asian Americans resulted from US policies that screened for those with the highest credentials in the most employable fields, enhancing American economic competitiveness. The earliest US immigration restrictions targeted Chinese people but exempted students as well as individuals who might extend America's influence in China. Western-educated Chinese such as Madame Chiang Kai-shek became symbols of the US impact on China, even as they patriotically advocated for China's modernization. World War II and the rise of communism transformed Chinese students abroad into refugees, and the Cold War magnified the importance of their talent and training. As a result, Congress legislated piecemeal legal measures to enable Chinese of good standing with professional skills to become citizens. Pressures mounted to reform American discriminatory immigration laws, culminating with the 1965 Immigration Act. Filled with narratives featuring such renowned Chinese immigrants as I. M. Pei, The Good Immigrants examines the shifts in immigration laws and perceptions of cultural traits that enabled Asians to remain in the United States as exemplary, productive Americans.


Book Synopsis The Good Immigrants by : Madeline Y. Hsu

Download or read book The Good Immigrants written by Madeline Y. Hsu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventionally, US immigration history has been understood through the lens of restriction and those who have been barred from getting in. In contrast, The Good Immigrants considers immigration from the perspective of Chinese elites—intellectuals, businessmen, and students—who gained entrance because of immigration exemptions. Exploring a century of Chinese migrations, Madeline Hsu looks at how the model minority characteristics of many Asian Americans resulted from US policies that screened for those with the highest credentials in the most employable fields, enhancing American economic competitiveness. The earliest US immigration restrictions targeted Chinese people but exempted students as well as individuals who might extend America's influence in China. Western-educated Chinese such as Madame Chiang Kai-shek became symbols of the US impact on China, even as they patriotically advocated for China's modernization. World War II and the rise of communism transformed Chinese students abroad into refugees, and the Cold War magnified the importance of their talent and training. As a result, Congress legislated piecemeal legal measures to enable Chinese of good standing with professional skills to become citizens. Pressures mounted to reform American discriminatory immigration laws, culminating with the 1965 Immigration Act. Filled with narratives featuring such renowned Chinese immigrants as I. M. Pei, The Good Immigrants examines the shifts in immigration laws and perceptions of cultural traits that enabled Asians to remain in the United States as exemplary, productive Americans.


Myth of the Model Minority

Myth of the Model Minority

Author: Rosalind S. Chou

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-11-17

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1317264665

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The second edition of this popular book adds important new research on how racial stereotyping is gendered and sexualized. New interviews show that Asian American men feel emasculated in America’s male hierarchy. Women recount their experiences of being exoticized, subtly and otherwise, as sexual objects. The new data reveal how race, gender, and sexuality intersect in the lives of Asian Americans. The text retains all the features of the renowned first edition, which offered the first in-depth exploration of how Asian Americans experience and cope with everyday racism. The book depicts the “double consciousness” of many Asian Americans—experiencing racism but feeling the pressures to conform to popular images of their group as America’s highly achieving “model minority.” FEATURES OF THE SECOND EDITION


Book Synopsis Myth of the Model Minority by : Rosalind S. Chou

Download or read book Myth of the Model Minority written by Rosalind S. Chou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this popular book adds important new research on how racial stereotyping is gendered and sexualized. New interviews show that Asian American men feel emasculated in America’s male hierarchy. Women recount their experiences of being exoticized, subtly and otherwise, as sexual objects. The new data reveal how race, gender, and sexuality intersect in the lives of Asian Americans. The text retains all the features of the renowned first edition, which offered the first in-depth exploration of how Asian Americans experience and cope with everyday racism. The book depicts the “double consciousness” of many Asian Americans—experiencing racism but feeling the pressures to conform to popular images of their group as America’s highly achieving “model minority.” FEATURES OF THE SECOND EDITION


Killing the Model Minority Stereotype

Killing the Model Minority Stereotype

Author: Nicholas Daniel Hartlep

Publisher: IAP

Published: 2015-06-01

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 1681231123

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Killing the Model Minority Stereotype comprehensively explores the complex permutations of the Asian model minority myth, exposing the ways in which stereotypes of Asian/Americans operate in the service of racism. Chapters include counter-narratives, critical analyses, and transnational perspectives. This volume connects to overarching projects of decolonization, which social justice educators and practitioners will find useful for understanding how the model minority myth functions to uphold white supremacy and how complicity has a damaging impact in its perpetuation. The book adds a timely contribution to the model minority discourse. “The contributors to this book demonstrate that the insidious model minority stereotype is alive and well. At the same time, the chapters carefully and powerfully examine ways to deconstruct and speak back to these misconceptions of Asian Americans. Hartlep and Porfilio pull together an important volume for anyone interested in how racial and ethnic stereotypes play out in the lives of people of color across various contexts.” - Vichet Chhuon, University of Minnesota Twin Cities “This volume presents valuable additions to the model minority literature exploring narratives challenging stereotypes in a wide range of settings and providing helpful considerations for research and practice.” - David W. Chih, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “Asian Pacific Islander adolescents and young adults are especially impacted by the model minority stereotype, and this volume details the real-life consequences for them and for all communities of color. The contributors provide a wide-ranging critique and deconstruction of the stereotype by uncovering many of its manifestations, and they also take the additional step of outlining clear strategies to undo the stereotype and prevent its deleterious effects on API youth. Killing the Model Minority Stereotype: Asian American Counterstories and Complicity is an essential read for human service professionals, educators, therapists, and all allies of communities of color.” - Joseph R. Mills, LICSW, Asian Counseling and Referral Service, Seattle WA


Book Synopsis Killing the Model Minority Stereotype by : Nicholas Daniel Hartlep

Download or read book Killing the Model Minority Stereotype written by Nicholas Daniel Hartlep and published by IAP. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Killing the Model Minority Stereotype comprehensively explores the complex permutations of the Asian model minority myth, exposing the ways in which stereotypes of Asian/Americans operate in the service of racism. Chapters include counter-narratives, critical analyses, and transnational perspectives. This volume connects to overarching projects of decolonization, which social justice educators and practitioners will find useful for understanding how the model minority myth functions to uphold white supremacy and how complicity has a damaging impact in its perpetuation. The book adds a timely contribution to the model minority discourse. “The contributors to this book demonstrate that the insidious model minority stereotype is alive and well. At the same time, the chapters carefully and powerfully examine ways to deconstruct and speak back to these misconceptions of Asian Americans. Hartlep and Porfilio pull together an important volume for anyone interested in how racial and ethnic stereotypes play out in the lives of people of color across various contexts.” - Vichet Chhuon, University of Minnesota Twin Cities “This volume presents valuable additions to the model minority literature exploring narratives challenging stereotypes in a wide range of settings and providing helpful considerations for research and practice.” - David W. Chih, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “Asian Pacific Islander adolescents and young adults are especially impacted by the model minority stereotype, and this volume details the real-life consequences for them and for all communities of color. The contributors provide a wide-ranging critique and deconstruction of the stereotype by uncovering many of its manifestations, and they also take the additional step of outlining clear strategies to undo the stereotype and prevent its deleterious effects on API youth. Killing the Model Minority Stereotype: Asian American Counterstories and Complicity is an essential read for human service professionals, educators, therapists, and all allies of communities of color.” - Joseph R. Mills, LICSW, Asian Counseling and Referral Service, Seattle WA


Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority

Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority

Author: Baodong Liu

Publisher:

Published: 2022-08

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781793576989

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Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority: The Journey of Asian Americans in America introduces students to current debates surrounding the concept of model minority and its relation to the greater Asian American experience. The book defines the term model minority, examines who is against it, who is for it, and why they feel the way they do, all of which brings to light profound disagreements regarding Asian American identity, as well as the meaning and fate of American democracy. The text uses two comparative perspectives to examine Asian American experiences and, in doing so, explores not only the similarities and differences between Asian Americans and other racial groups, but also the similarities and differences within Asian American ethnic groups. The second edition not only updates the introductory chapters, but also features six new chapters on the topics of Asian American women leaders and barriers to entry in leadership; the new journey of Asian Americans in sports; transnational adoption of Asians; Asian Americans and anti-affirmative action attitudes; anti-Asian American hate crimes; and Asian American political participation in the 21st century. Timely and interdisciplinary in subject matter, Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority is well suited for ethnic studies, political science, sociology, cultural studies, and Asian studies courses.


Book Synopsis Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority by : Baodong Liu

Download or read book Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority written by Baodong Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority: The Journey of Asian Americans in America introduces students to current debates surrounding the concept of model minority and its relation to the greater Asian American experience. The book defines the term model minority, examines who is against it, who is for it, and why they feel the way they do, all of which brings to light profound disagreements regarding Asian American identity, as well as the meaning and fate of American democracy. The text uses two comparative perspectives to examine Asian American experiences and, in doing so, explores not only the similarities and differences between Asian Americans and other racial groups, but also the similarities and differences within Asian American ethnic groups. The second edition not only updates the introductory chapters, but also features six new chapters on the topics of Asian American women leaders and barriers to entry in leadership; the new journey of Asian Americans in sports; transnational adoption of Asians; Asian Americans and anti-affirmative action attitudes; anti-Asian American hate crimes; and Asian American political participation in the 21st century. Timely and interdisciplinary in subject matter, Solving the Mystery of the Model Minority is well suited for ethnic studies, political science, sociology, cultural studies, and Asian studies courses.


Big Little Man

Big Little Man

Author: Alex Tizon

Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 0547450486

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A journalist presents an intimate assessment of the mythology, experience, and psyche of the Asian-American male that traces his own experiences as an immigrant under the constraints of American cultural stereotypes.


Book Synopsis Big Little Man by : Alex Tizon

Download or read book Big Little Man written by Alex Tizon and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2014 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A journalist presents an intimate assessment of the mythology, experience, and psyche of the Asian-American male that traces his own experiences as an immigrant under the constraints of American cultural stereotypes.


Beyond the Model Minority

Beyond the Model Minority

Author: Jun Xing

Publisher:

Published: 2019-11-19

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 9781516599141

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Through a collection of scholarly articles, Beyond the Model Minority: Asian American Communities and Social Justice Education examines the role of race and ethnicity in public policy and social justice. The anthology works to dismantle "model minority" myths by highlighting the cultural, social, and economic diversity within Asian American communities, as well as the prejudice, racism, and inequality they continue to face in modern America. The anthology is divided into six parts, each addressing a particular issue or area of disparity. Part I examines Asian American identity formation and development from a variety of perspectives. Part II features readings addressing immigrant labor, domestic service, and entrepreneurship. In Part III, students read about disparities in the U.S. educational system for Asian and Pacific Americans. Part IV focuses on healthcare inequality. The essays in Part V examine Asian American representation by the media. The final part, which is centered about politics and law, presents students with three sharply different but interrelated cases about racial politics, civic activities, and legal representation. A thought-provoking and justice-oriented collection, Beyond the Model Minority is an ideal text for courses in Asian and Asian American studies, ethnic studies, and social justice. Jun Xing is professor and chair of the Asian and Asian American Studies Department, executive director of the Asian and Asian American Institute, and immediate past dean of undergraduate studies at California State University, Los Angeles. Dr. Xing received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota at Twin Cities. Chloe Chunyan Cheng is a practicing voice over artist and a graduate student. She received her B.A. in English and M.A. in comparative literature from Beijing Language and Culture University.


Book Synopsis Beyond the Model Minority by : Jun Xing

Download or read book Beyond the Model Minority written by Jun Xing and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a collection of scholarly articles, Beyond the Model Minority: Asian American Communities and Social Justice Education examines the role of race and ethnicity in public policy and social justice. The anthology works to dismantle "model minority" myths by highlighting the cultural, social, and economic diversity within Asian American communities, as well as the prejudice, racism, and inequality they continue to face in modern America. The anthology is divided into six parts, each addressing a particular issue or area of disparity. Part I examines Asian American identity formation and development from a variety of perspectives. Part II features readings addressing immigrant labor, domestic service, and entrepreneurship. In Part III, students read about disparities in the U.S. educational system for Asian and Pacific Americans. Part IV focuses on healthcare inequality. The essays in Part V examine Asian American representation by the media. The final part, which is centered about politics and law, presents students with three sharply different but interrelated cases about racial politics, civic activities, and legal representation. A thought-provoking and justice-oriented collection, Beyond the Model Minority is an ideal text for courses in Asian and Asian American studies, ethnic studies, and social justice. Jun Xing is professor and chair of the Asian and Asian American Studies Department, executive director of the Asian and Asian American Institute, and immediate past dean of undergraduate studies at California State University, Los Angeles. Dr. Xing received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota at Twin Cities. Chloe Chunyan Cheng is a practicing voice over artist and a graduate student. She received her B.A. in English and M.A. in comparative literature from Beijing Language and Culture University.