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Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands

Author: Bettina Weber

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-05-21

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 3319302140

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This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest terrestrial communities, biocrusts comprise a high diversity of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes together with uncounted bacteria, and fungi. The authors show that biocrusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems, stabilizing soils, influencing plant germination and growth, and playing a key role in carbon, nitrogen and water cycling. Initial attempts have been made to use biocrusts as models in ecological theory. On the other hand, biocrusts are endangered by local disruptions and global change, highlighting the need for enhanced recovery methods. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of biocrust research, making it indispensable not only for scientists in this area, but also for land managers, policy makers, and anyone interested in the environment.

Book Synopsis Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands by : Bettina Weber

Download or read book Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands written by Bettina Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest terrestrial communities, biocrusts comprise a high diversity of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes together with uncounted bacteria, and fungi. The authors show that biocrusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems, stabilizing soils, influencing plant germination and growth, and playing a key role in carbon, nitrogen and water cycling. Initial attempts have been made to use biocrusts as models in ecological theory. On the other hand, biocrusts are endangered by local disruptions and global change, highlighting the need for enhanced recovery methods. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of biocrust research, making it indispensable not only for scientists in this area, but also for land managers, policy makers, and anyone interested in the environment.

Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management

Author: Jayne Belnap

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-12-01

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 3642564755

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In arid lands, where vegetation is sparse or absent, the open ground is not bare but generally covered by a community of small, highly specialized organisms. Cyanobacteria, algae, microfungi, lichens, and bryophytes aggregate soil particles to form a coherent skin - the biological soil crust. It stabilizes and protects the soil surface from erosion by wind and water, influences water runoff and infiltration, and contributes nitrogen and carbon to desert soils. Soil surface disturbance, such as heavy livestock grazing, human trampling or off-road vehicles, breaks up the fragile soil crust, thus compromising its stability, structure, and productivity. This book is the first synthesis of the biology of soil crusts and their importance as an ecosystem component. Composition and functioning of different soil-crust types are discussed, and case studies are used to show the impact of crusts on landscape hydrology, soil stability, nutrient cycles, and land management.

Book Synopsis Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management by : Jayne Belnap

Download or read book Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management written by Jayne Belnap and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In arid lands, where vegetation is sparse or absent, the open ground is not bare but generally covered by a community of small, highly specialized organisms. Cyanobacteria, algae, microfungi, lichens, and bryophytes aggregate soil particles to form a coherent skin - the biological soil crust. It stabilizes and protects the soil surface from erosion by wind and water, influences water runoff and infiltration, and contributes nitrogen and carbon to desert soils. Soil surface disturbance, such as heavy livestock grazing, human trampling or off-road vehicles, breaks up the fragile soil crust, thus compromising its stability, structure, and productivity. This book is the first synthesis of the biology of soil crusts and their importance as an ecosystem component. Composition and functioning of different soil-crust types are discussed, and case studies are used to show the impact of crusts on landscape hydrology, soil stability, nutrient cycles, and land management.

Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances

Author: Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2021-09-02

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 2889712559

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Book Synopsis Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances by : Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde

Download or read book Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances written by Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Fungal Community

Author: John Dighton

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-03-16

Total Pages: 652

ISBN-13: 1498706673

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"...a number of chapters provide excellent summaries of the modern methods available for studying fungal ecology, along with those more traditional methods that are still extremely valuable...overall it is a hugely valuable compendium of fungal ecology research. It is a must for the library shelf." -Lynne Boddy, Cardiff University, UK, Mycological Research, 2006 "These 44 chapters are an excellent starting point for anyone interested in fungal communities, in the broadest sense of the term. It is a book for dipping into...may be the last comprehensive treatment of fungal communities before the molecular revolution." -Meriel Jones, University of Liverpool, UK, Microbiology Today "... the scope of the work is tremendous. ... Excellent chapters providing overviews of methods ... provide a snap shot of the current approaches used to understand fungal communities at several levels of organization. This book should probably be on the shelf of every student of mycology, and many ecologists too. For all students, this book should be a valuable resource and source of inspiration." -Daniel Henk, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, in Inoculum, Vol. 59, No. 3, May 2008 "Thorough taxonomic and subject indices further aid the reader in navigating through multiple authors’ treatments of subjects of interest." - Anthony Amend, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa in Economic Botany, V. 61 In all subjects in science, new findings and the use of new technologies allow us to develop an ever-greater understanding of our world. Expanded and updated coverage in the fourth edition includes: Adds new sections on Integrating Genomics and Metagenomics into Community Analysis, Recent Advances in Fungal Endophyte Research, Fungi in the Built Environment, and Fungal Signaling and Communication Includes a broader treatment of fungal communities in natural ecosystems with in-depth coverage of fungal adaptations to stress and conservation Expands coverage of the influence of climate change on fungi and the role of fungi in organically polluted ecosystems Includes contributions from scientists from 20 nations to illustrate a true global approach for bridging gaps between ecological concepts and mycology

Book Synopsis The Fungal Community by : John Dighton

Download or read book The Fungal Community written by John Dighton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...a number of chapters provide excellent summaries of the modern methods available for studying fungal ecology, along with those more traditional methods that are still extremely valuable...overall it is a hugely valuable compendium of fungal ecology research. It is a must for the library shelf." -Lynne Boddy, Cardiff University, UK, Mycological Research, 2006 "These 44 chapters are an excellent starting point for anyone interested in fungal communities, in the broadest sense of the term. It is a book for dipping into...may be the last comprehensive treatment of fungal communities before the molecular revolution." -Meriel Jones, University of Liverpool, UK, Microbiology Today "... the scope of the work is tremendous. ... Excellent chapters providing overviews of methods ... provide a snap shot of the current approaches used to understand fungal communities at several levels of organization. This book should probably be on the shelf of every student of mycology, and many ecologists too. For all students, this book should be a valuable resource and source of inspiration." -Daniel Henk, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, in Inoculum, Vol. 59, No. 3, May 2008 "Thorough taxonomic and subject indices further aid the reader in navigating through multiple authors’ treatments of subjects of interest." - Anthony Amend, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa in Economic Botany, V. 61 In all subjects in science, new findings and the use of new technologies allow us to develop an ever-greater understanding of our world. Expanded and updated coverage in the fourth edition includes: Adds new sections on Integrating Genomics and Metagenomics into Community Analysis, Recent Advances in Fungal Endophyte Research, Fungi in the Built Environment, and Fungal Signaling and Communication Includes a broader treatment of fungal communities in natural ecosystems with in-depth coverage of fungal adaptations to stress and conservation Expands coverage of the influence of climate change on fungi and the role of fungi in organically polluted ecosystems Includes contributions from scientists from 20 nations to illustrate a true global approach for bridging gaps between ecological concepts and mycology

Microbiology of Hot Deserts

Author: Jean-Baptiste Ramond

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-07-28

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 303098415X

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This book covers the wider aspects of the microbiology of hot desert soil ecosystems, compiling disparate information from a range of relevant desert soil microbial fields. The reader learns about microbial ecology of the more dominant and possibly most important desert habitats, detailing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these different habitats as well as their potential role in desert ecosystem ecology. Particular attention is also given to microbial stress adaptation in hot desert soils. Furthermore, it is the first volume in this particular field to cover modern metagenomics technologies that can be applied to studies of all aspects of desert microbial communities. Additionally, the book explores viruses and viral communities, which are among the least studied (and little understood) components of desert soil microbial communities. Particular attention is also given to the roles of desert microbial communities in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Through this book the reader discovers how desert microbiology has been at the forefront of Astrobiology and how it may be used conceptually in future terraforming strategies. Desert ecosystems are increasingly coming into focus given the impacts of climate change and desertification trends, making this volume particularly timely. Each of the chapters is authored by leading international researchers and is a must-read for microbial ecologists.

Book Synopsis Microbiology of Hot Deserts by : Jean-Baptiste Ramond

Download or read book Microbiology of Hot Deserts written by Jean-Baptiste Ramond and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the wider aspects of the microbiology of hot desert soil ecosystems, compiling disparate information from a range of relevant desert soil microbial fields. The reader learns about microbial ecology of the more dominant and possibly most important desert habitats, detailing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these different habitats as well as their potential role in desert ecosystem ecology. Particular attention is also given to microbial stress adaptation in hot desert soils. Furthermore, it is the first volume in this particular field to cover modern metagenomics technologies that can be applied to studies of all aspects of desert microbial communities. Additionally, the book explores viruses and viral communities, which are among the least studied (and little understood) components of desert soil microbial communities. Particular attention is also given to the roles of desert microbial communities in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Through this book the reader discovers how desert microbiology has been at the forefront of Astrobiology and how it may be used conceptually in future terraforming strategies. Desert ecosystems are increasingly coming into focus given the impacts of climate change and desertification trends, making this volume particularly timely. Each of the chapters is authored by leading international researchers and is a must-read for microbial ecologists.

Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems

Author: José Raúl Román Fernández

Publisher: Universidad Almería

Published: 2021-03-12

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 8413510554

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En las zonas áridas, la acción combinada del cambio climático y el aumento de la presión humana están causando una degradación acelerada de los ecosistemas. En este contexto, es necesario investigar nuevas estrategias de restauración que nos permitan mejorar las acciones de restauración en estas zonas. Para ello, en esta tesis se exploró el uso de biocostras, comunidades de organismos que colonizan los primeros centímetros del suelo y que viven en estrecha asociación con las partículas del suelo, para la recuperación de suelos degradados en ecosistemas áridos. De entre todos sus componentes, se investigó el potencial uso restaurador de la inoculación con especies de cianobacterias formadoras de biocostras, pues son los organismos que más potencial presentan para restaurar zonas áridas debido a sus condiciones fisiológicas adaptadas a ambientes extremos y su facilidad para ser aisladas y cultivadas ex situ. En concreto, se evaluó la viabilidad de diferentes especies nativas de cianobacterias para promover el desarrollo de una nueva biocostra que mejore las condiciones de los suelos degradados de zonas áridas, así como estrategias para la reducción del estrés ambiental en condiciones de campo. Los resultados de esta tesis constituyen un avance significativo en el uso de esta tecnología para recuperar suelos afectados por la degradación en ecosistemas áridos.

Book Synopsis Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems by : José Raúl Román Fernández

Download or read book Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems written by José Raúl Román Fernández and published by Universidad Almería. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En las zonas áridas, la acción combinada del cambio climático y el aumento de la presión humana están causando una degradación acelerada de los ecosistemas. En este contexto, es necesario investigar nuevas estrategias de restauración que nos permitan mejorar las acciones de restauración en estas zonas. Para ello, en esta tesis se exploró el uso de biocostras, comunidades de organismos que colonizan los primeros centímetros del suelo y que viven en estrecha asociación con las partículas del suelo, para la recuperación de suelos degradados en ecosistemas áridos. De entre todos sus componentes, se investigó el potencial uso restaurador de la inoculación con especies de cianobacterias formadoras de biocostras, pues son los organismos que más potencial presentan para restaurar zonas áridas debido a sus condiciones fisiológicas adaptadas a ambientes extremos y su facilidad para ser aisladas y cultivadas ex situ. En concreto, se evaluó la viabilidad de diferentes especies nativas de cianobacterias para promover el desarrollo de una nueva biocostra que mejore las condiciones de los suelos degradados de zonas áridas, así como estrategias para la reducción del estrés ambiental en condiciones de campo. Los resultados de esta tesis constituyen un avance significativo en el uso de esta tecnología para recuperar suelos afectados por la degradación en ecosistemas áridos.

Soil and Drought

Author: Rattan Lal

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-12-29

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 1000960048

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Drought, a serious global issue, is being aggravated by climate change. Both pedological and agronomic droughts are major risk factors with adverse effects on agronomic productivity, food and nutritional security, and human wellbeing. This volume in the Advances in Soil Sciences series provides research information regarding case studies from diverse agro-ecoregions around the world and lists examples of effective management of drought at farm, state, national, regional, and global scales. Features: Considers processes, factors, and causes of pedological/agronomic droughts. Discusses effects of global warming on soil drought and describes management options to enhance drought resilience of agricultural soils. Focuses on specific case studies along with review of a variety of tools and techniques designed to mitigate drought and reduce its impact on agronomic productivity. Includes information on soil health and its effects on drought. In addition to highlighting the scientific accomplishments of Dr. Bobby A. Stewart, this book is a major contribution to the global issue of drought management and its dynamics in relation to soil properties under changing climate. It is reference material for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers in soil science, agronomy, ecology and management of natural resources with specific focus on adaptation and mitigation of climate change, restoration of soil health, strengthening of biodiversity and promoting the strategy for advancing the “Sustainable Development Goals” or Agenda 2030 of the United Nations.

Book Synopsis Soil and Drought by : Rattan Lal

Download or read book Soil and Drought written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought, a serious global issue, is being aggravated by climate change. Both pedological and agronomic droughts are major risk factors with adverse effects on agronomic productivity, food and nutritional security, and human wellbeing. This volume in the Advances in Soil Sciences series provides research information regarding case studies from diverse agro-ecoregions around the world and lists examples of effective management of drought at farm, state, national, regional, and global scales. Features: Considers processes, factors, and causes of pedological/agronomic droughts. Discusses effects of global warming on soil drought and describes management options to enhance drought resilience of agricultural soils. Focuses on specific case studies along with review of a variety of tools and techniques designed to mitigate drought and reduce its impact on agronomic productivity. Includes information on soil health and its effects on drought. In addition to highlighting the scientific accomplishments of Dr. Bobby A. Stewart, this book is a major contribution to the global issue of drought management and its dynamics in relation to soil properties under changing climate. It is reference material for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers in soil science, agronomy, ecology and management of natural resources with specific focus on adaptation and mitigation of climate change, restoration of soil health, strengthening of biodiversity and promoting the strategy for advancing the “Sustainable Development Goals” or Agenda 2030 of the United Nations.

Microbial Polymers

Author: Anukool Vaishnav

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-05-03

Total Pages: 710

ISBN-13: 9811600457

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This book cover all types of microbe based polymers and their application in diverse sectors with special emphasis on agriculture. It collates latest research, methods, opinion, perspectives, and reviews dissecting the microbial origins of polymers, their production, design, and processing at industrial level, as well as improvements for specific industrial applications. Book also discusses recent advances in biopolymer production and their modification for amplifying the value. In addition, understanding of the microbial physiology and optimal conditions for polymer production are also explained. This compilation of scientific chapters on principles and practices of microbial polymers fosters the knowledge transfer among scientific communities, industries, and microbiologist and serves students, academicians, researchers for a better understanding of the nature of microbial polymers and application procedure for sustainable ecosystem

Book Synopsis Microbial Polymers by : Anukool Vaishnav

Download or read book Microbial Polymers written by Anukool Vaishnav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book cover all types of microbe based polymers and their application in diverse sectors with special emphasis on agriculture. It collates latest research, methods, opinion, perspectives, and reviews dissecting the microbial origins of polymers, their production, design, and processing at industrial level, as well as improvements for specific industrial applications. Book also discusses recent advances in biopolymer production and their modification for amplifying the value. In addition, understanding of the microbial physiology and optimal conditions for polymer production are also explained. This compilation of scientific chapters on principles and practices of microbial polymers fosters the knowledge transfer among scientific communities, industries, and microbiologist and serves students, academicians, researchers for a better understanding of the nature of microbial polymers and application procedure for sustainable ecosystem

Tools, Techniques, and Strategies for Teaching in a Real-World Context With Microbiology

Author: Davida Smyth

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2021-12-02

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 2889717607

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Book Synopsis Tools, Techniques, and Strategies for Teaching in a Real-World Context With Microbiology by : Davida Smyth

Download or read book Tools, Techniques, and Strategies for Teaching in a Real-World Context With Microbiology written by Davida Smyth and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management

Author: Paulo Pereira

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-03-13

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 0128052015

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Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management is the first reference to address the use of soil mapping and modeling for sustainability from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The use of more powerful statistical techniques are increasing the accuracy of maps and reducing error estimation, and this text provides the information necessary to utilize the latest techniques, as well as their importance for land use planning. Providing practical examples to help illustrate the application of soil process modeling and maps, this reference is an essential tool for professionals and students in soil science and land management who want to bridge the gap between soil modeling and sustainable land use planning. Offers both a theoretical and practical approach to soil mapping and its uses in land use management for sustainability Synthesizes the most up-to-date research on soil mapping techniques and applications Provides an interdisciplinary approach from experts worldwide working in soil mapping and land management

Book Synopsis Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management by : Paulo Pereira

Download or read book Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management written by Paulo Pereira and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management is the first reference to address the use of soil mapping and modeling for sustainability from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The use of more powerful statistical techniques are increasing the accuracy of maps and reducing error estimation, and this text provides the information necessary to utilize the latest techniques, as well as their importance for land use planning. Providing practical examples to help illustrate the application of soil process modeling and maps, this reference is an essential tool for professionals and students in soil science and land management who want to bridge the gap between soil modeling and sustainable land use planning. Offers both a theoretical and practical approach to soil mapping and its uses in land use management for sustainability Synthesizes the most up-to-date research on soil mapping techniques and applications Provides an interdisciplinary approach from experts worldwide working in soil mapping and land management