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This volume of Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology reviews the mechanisms that regulate cellular calcium homeostasis in various tissues throughout the body and how these systems change during aging. Normal functions of calcium in regulating various physiological processes are considered and the evidence supporting roles for perturbed calcium regulation in the pathogenesis of several prominent age-related disorders are detailed. The cross-disciplinary approach used to organize this book should provide readers interested in a specific area of calcium regulation with a broader perspective and a framework for which to shape future studies in their laboratories.
Book Synopsis Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling in Aging by : M.P. Mattson
Download or read book Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling in Aging written by M.P. Mattson and published by . This book was released on 2002-10 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology reviews the mechanisms that regulate cellular calcium homeostasis in various tissues throughout the body and how these systems change during aging. Normal functions of calcium in regulating various physiological processes are considered and the evidence supporting roles for perturbed calcium regulation in the pathogenesis of several prominent age-related disorders are detailed. The cross-disciplinary approach used to organize this book should provide readers interested in a specific area of calcium regulation with a broader perspective and a framework for which to shape future studies in their laboratories.
Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur
Book Synopsis Brain Aging by : David R. Riddle
Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most well-known neurodegenerative disorder, causing dementia. In recent decades, several studies have reported calcium dysregulation in AD occurring through the intervention of several calcium receptors and channels, and affecting different cellular compartments, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and microdomains within the plasma membrane. Calcium signalling dysregulation is now considered a common proximal cause of dysfunctional neurons and glial supporting cells. This book gathers the newest results and advances in calcium signaling deregulation mechanisms in AD, how they are linked to other players involved in AD, and the potential therapies targeting calcium alterations to treat AD.
Book Synopsis Calcium Signalling in Alzheimer’s Disease by : Mounia Chami
Download or read book Calcium Signalling in Alzheimer’s Disease written by Mounia Chami and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most well-known neurodegenerative disorder, causing dementia. In recent decades, several studies have reported calcium dysregulation in AD occurring through the intervention of several calcium receptors and channels, and affecting different cellular compartments, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and microdomains within the plasma membrane. Calcium signalling dysregulation is now considered a common proximal cause of dysfunctional neurons and glial supporting cells. This book gathers the newest results and advances in calcium signaling deregulation mechanisms in AD, how they are linked to other players involved in AD, and the potential therapies targeting calcium alterations to treat AD.
Calcium concentrations are tightly regulated in various neuronal and cellular compartments. The recognition that even very slight imbalances of calcium, when sustained over a long period of time, could lead by intraneuronal processes to cellular deterioration and death has led to the formulation of the calcium hypothesis of aging. Many of the leading scientists in this multidisciplinary field present their latest work in this volume, work that advances an understanding of the role of calcium in reviews range broadly from considerations of calcium channel functions at the molecular level to the role of altered calcium levels in behaviour.
Book Synopsis Calcium Hypothesis of Aging and Dementia by : John F. Disterhoft
Download or read book Calcium Hypothesis of Aging and Dementia written by John F. Disterhoft and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium concentrations are tightly regulated in various neuronal and cellular compartments. The recognition that even very slight imbalances of calcium, when sustained over a long period of time, could lead by intraneuronal processes to cellular deterioration and death has led to the formulation of the calcium hypothesis of aging. Many of the leading scientists in this multidisciplinary field present their latest work in this volume, work that advances an understanding of the role of calcium in reviews range broadly from considerations of calcium channel functions at the molecular level to the role of altered calcium levels in behaviour.
An animal’s survival strongly depends on its ability to maintain homeostasis in response to the changing quality of its external and internal environments. This is achieved through intercellular communication not only within a single tissue but also among different tissues and organ systems. Thus, alterations in tissue-to-tissue or organ-to-organ communications, which are under genetic regulation, can affect organismal homeostasis, and consequently impact the aging process. One of the organ systems that play a major role in maintaining homeostasis is the nervous system. Considering that the nervous system includes the sensory system, which perceives the complexity of an animal’s environment, it should be no surprise that there would be a sensory influence on homeostasis and aging. To promote homeostasis, any given sensory information is transmitted through short-range signals via neural circuits and/or through long-range endocrine signals to target tissues, which may in turn be neuronal or non-neuronal in nature. At the same time, since homeostasis involves a number of feedback mechanisms, non-neuronal tissues can also modulate sensory and other neuronal functions. Several genes that regulate signaling pathways known to affect homeostasis and aging have been shown to act in neurons, in tissues that are likely downstream targets of the nervous system, or through feedback regulation of neuronal activities. These genes can have different temporal requirements: some might function early, e.g., by affecting neural development, while others may only be required later in adulthood. Some well-known examples of genes involved in the neuronal regulation of homeostasis and longevity encode components of the evolutionarily conserved nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway, the stress-sensing internal repair system, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Indeed, the genetic perturbation of these pathways has been found to lead to numerous diseases, many of which are age-related and involve the nervous system, such as neurodegeneration and the metabolic syndrome. Despite much progress, however, many aspects of the neuronal inputs and outputs that affect aging and longevity are poorly understood to date. For example, the precise neuronal and non-neuronal circuitries and the details of the molecular mechanisms through which genes/signaling pathways maintain homeostasis and affect aging in response to the environment remain to be elucidated. Similarly, it is presently unclear whether genes that regulate the early development of the nervous system and its consequent circuitry influence homeostasis and longevity during adulthood. At the same time, although many genes affecting aging are conserved, both the nervous system and the aging process are highly variable within populations and among taxa. Accordingly, the role of natural genetic variation in shaping the neurobiology of aging is also presently unknown. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to highlight the genetic, developmental, and physiological aspects of the signaling networks that mediate the neuronal inputs and outputs that are required to maintain organismal homeostasis. The elucidation of the effects of these neuronal activities on homeostasis may thus provide much-needed insight into mechanisms that affect aging and longevity.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Inputs and Outputs of Aging and Longevity by : Joy Alcedo
Download or read book Neuronal Inputs and Outputs of Aging and Longevity written by Joy Alcedo and published by Frontiers. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An animal’s survival strongly depends on its ability to maintain homeostasis in response to the changing quality of its external and internal environments. This is achieved through intercellular communication not only within a single tissue but also among different tissues and organ systems. Thus, alterations in tissue-to-tissue or organ-to-organ communications, which are under genetic regulation, can affect organismal homeostasis, and consequently impact the aging process. One of the organ systems that play a major role in maintaining homeostasis is the nervous system. Considering that the nervous system includes the sensory system, which perceives the complexity of an animal’s environment, it should be no surprise that there would be a sensory influence on homeostasis and aging. To promote homeostasis, any given sensory information is transmitted through short-range signals via neural circuits and/or through long-range endocrine signals to target tissues, which may in turn be neuronal or non-neuronal in nature. At the same time, since homeostasis involves a number of feedback mechanisms, non-neuronal tissues can also modulate sensory and other neuronal functions. Several genes that regulate signaling pathways known to affect homeostasis and aging have been shown to act in neurons, in tissues that are likely downstream targets of the nervous system, or through feedback regulation of neuronal activities. These genes can have different temporal requirements: some might function early, e.g., by affecting neural development, while others may only be required later in adulthood. Some well-known examples of genes involved in the neuronal regulation of homeostasis and longevity encode components of the evolutionarily conserved nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway, the stress-sensing internal repair system, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Indeed, the genetic perturbation of these pathways has been found to lead to numerous diseases, many of which are age-related and involve the nervous system, such as neurodegeneration and the metabolic syndrome. Despite much progress, however, many aspects of the neuronal inputs and outputs that affect aging and longevity are poorly understood to date. For example, the precise neuronal and non-neuronal circuitries and the details of the molecular mechanisms through which genes/signaling pathways maintain homeostasis and affect aging in response to the environment remain to be elucidated. Similarly, it is presently unclear whether genes that regulate the early development of the nervous system and its consequent circuitry influence homeostasis and longevity during adulthood. At the same time, although many genes affecting aging are conserved, both the nervous system and the aging process are highly variable within populations and among taxa. Accordingly, the role of natural genetic variation in shaping the neurobiology of aging is also presently unknown. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to highlight the genetic, developmental, and physiological aspects of the signaling networks that mediate the neuronal inputs and outputs that are required to maintain organismal homeostasis. The elucidation of the effects of these neuronal activities on homeostasis may thus provide much-needed insight into mechanisms that affect aging and longevity.
Collectively, the chapters in this work will provide the reader with novel insight into the inter-relationships of the function of different organelles in the sequences of events that lead to cellular dysfunction and degeneration in the aging human population. The chapters are rich in information for cell and molecular biologists pursuing studies of the different diseases covered. In addition, the clinician will find value in understanding mechanisms underlying age-related disease as such an understanding will lead to novel therapeutic approaches for an array of age-related diseases.
Book Synopsis Interorganellar Signaling in Age-Related Disease by : M.P. Mattson
Download or read book Interorganellar Signaling in Age-Related Disease written by M.P. Mattson and published by . This book was released on 2001-04-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collectively, the chapters in this work will provide the reader with novel insight into the inter-relationships of the function of different organelles in the sequences of events that lead to cellular dysfunction and degeneration in the aging human population. The chapters are rich in information for cell and molecular biologists pursuing studies of the different diseases covered. In addition, the clinician will find value in understanding mechanisms underlying age-related disease as such an understanding will lead to novel therapeutic approaches for an array of age-related diseases.
Store-operated calcium channels are found in most animal cells and regulate many cellular functions including cell division, growth, differentiation, and cell death. This volume provides a concise and informative overview of the principles of store-operated calcium entry and the key developments in the field from researchers who have led these advances. The overall goal of the volume is to provide interested students and investigators with sufficient information to enable a broad understanding of the progress and current excitement in the field. The volume contains a wealth of information that even experienced investigators in the field will find useful. The volume provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of store-operated calcium channels Contributors are authoritative researchers who have produced important advances in the field The volume is well-illustrated with cartoons and data to facilitate easy comprehension of the subject
Book Synopsis Store-Operated Calcium Channels by :
Download or read book Store-Operated Calcium Channels written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Store-operated calcium channels are found in most animal cells and regulate many cellular functions including cell division, growth, differentiation, and cell death. This volume provides a concise and informative overview of the principles of store-operated calcium entry and the key developments in the field from researchers who have led these advances. The overall goal of the volume is to provide interested students and investigators with sufficient information to enable a broad understanding of the progress and current excitement in the field. The volume contains a wealth of information that even experienced investigators in the field will find useful. The volume provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of store-operated calcium channels Contributors are authoritative researchers who have produced important advances in the field The volume is well-illustrated with cartoons and data to facilitate easy comprehension of the subject
"Calcium ions play a critical role in signaling in a wide variety of cells and tissues, including muscle, immune cells, neurons, the liver, and oocytes. This new volume explores the channels and pumps that transport calcium, calcium buffers and sensors, and how these produce distinct spatiotemporal signals in different circumstances. It covers calcium signaling during development and normal physiology, as well as perturbed signaling in diseases such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and atherosclerosis"--
Book Synopsis Calcium Signaling by : Geert Bultynck
Download or read book Calcium Signaling written by Geert Bultynck and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Calcium ions play a critical role in signaling in a wide variety of cells and tissues, including muscle, immune cells, neurons, the liver, and oocytes. This new volume explores the channels and pumps that transport calcium, calcium buffers and sensors, and how these produce distinct spatiotemporal signals in different circumstances. It covers calcium signaling during development and normal physiology, as well as perturbed signaling in diseases such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and atherosclerosis"--
With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it.
Book Synopsis Autophagy and Cancer by : Hong-Gang Wang
Download or read book Autophagy and Cancer written by Hong-Gang Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it.
The concept of expressing acidity as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration was defined and termed pH in the beginning of the 20th century. The general usefulness of the pH concept for life science was recognized and later gained importance to analytical research. Reports on results of pH measurements from living skin established the term acid mantle - the skin's own protective shield that maintains a naturally acid pH. It is invisible to the eye but crucial to the overall wellbeing of skin. Chronic alkalization can throw this acid mantle out of balance, leading to inflammation, dermatitis, and atopic skin diseases. It is therefore no surprise, that skin pH shifts have been observed in various skin pathologies. It is also obvious that the pH in topically applied preparations may play an important role. Optimal pH and buffer capacity within topical preparations not only support stability of active ingredients and auxiliary materials, but may also increase absorption of the non-ionized species of an acidic or a basic active ingredient. They may even open up opportunities to modify and "correct" skin pH and hence accelerate barrier recovery and maintain or enhance barrier integrity. Further efforts are needed to standardize and improve pH measurements in biological media or pharmaceutical/cosmetic vehicles to increase and ensure quality, comparability, and relevance of research data. In this volume, we present a unique collection of papers that address past, present and future issues of the pH of healthy and diseased skin. It is hoped that this collection will foster future efforts in clinical and experimental skin research.
Book Synopsis pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges by : C. Surber
Download or read book pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges written by C. Surber and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of expressing acidity as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration was defined and termed pH in the beginning of the 20th century. The general usefulness of the pH concept for life science was recognized and later gained importance to analytical research. Reports on results of pH measurements from living skin established the term acid mantle - the skin's own protective shield that maintains a naturally acid pH. It is invisible to the eye but crucial to the overall wellbeing of skin. Chronic alkalization can throw this acid mantle out of balance, leading to inflammation, dermatitis, and atopic skin diseases. It is therefore no surprise, that skin pH shifts have been observed in various skin pathologies. It is also obvious that the pH in topically applied preparations may play an important role. Optimal pH and buffer capacity within topical preparations not only support stability of active ingredients and auxiliary materials, but may also increase absorption of the non-ionized species of an acidic or a basic active ingredient. They may even open up opportunities to modify and "correct" skin pH and hence accelerate barrier recovery and maintain or enhance barrier integrity. Further efforts are needed to standardize and improve pH measurements in biological media or pharmaceutical/cosmetic vehicles to increase and ensure quality, comparability, and relevance of research data. In this volume, we present a unique collection of papers that address past, present and future issues of the pH of healthy and diseased skin. It is hoped that this collection will foster future efforts in clinical and experimental skin research.
