Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting

Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting

Author: Yong He

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2022-03-14

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 3527347968

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Provides an up-to-date outline of cell assembly methods and applications of 3D bioprinting Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting provides an accesible overview of the layer-by-layer manufacturing of living structures using biomaterials. Focusing on technical implemention in medical and bioengineering applications, this practical guide summarize each key aspect of the 3D bioprinting process. Contributions from a team of leading researchers describe bioink preparation, printing method selection, experimental protocols, integration with specific applications, and more. Detailed, highly illustrated chapters cover different bioprinting approaches and their applications, including coaxial bioprinting, digital light projection, direct ink writing, liquid support bath-assisted 3D printing, and microgel-, microfiber-, and microfluidics-based biofabrication. The book includes practical examples of 3D bioprinting, a protocol for typical 3D bioprinting, and relevant experimental data drawn from recent research. * Highlights the interdisciplinary nature of 3D bioprinting and its applications in biology, medicine, and pharmaceutical science * Summarizes a variety of commonly used 3D bioprinting methods * Describes the design and preparation of various types of bioinks * Discusses applications of 3D bioprinting such as organ development, toxicological research, clinical transplantation, and tissue repair Covering a wide range of topics, Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting is essential reading for advanced students, academic researchers, and industry professionals in fields including biomedicine, tissue engineering, bioengineering, drug development, pharmacology, bioglogical screening, and mechanical engineering.


Book Synopsis Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting by : Yong He

Download or read book Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting written by Yong He and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an up-to-date outline of cell assembly methods and applications of 3D bioprinting Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting provides an accesible overview of the layer-by-layer manufacturing of living structures using biomaterials. Focusing on technical implemention in medical and bioengineering applications, this practical guide summarize each key aspect of the 3D bioprinting process. Contributions from a team of leading researchers describe bioink preparation, printing method selection, experimental protocols, integration with specific applications, and more. Detailed, highly illustrated chapters cover different bioprinting approaches and their applications, including coaxial bioprinting, digital light projection, direct ink writing, liquid support bath-assisted 3D printing, and microgel-, microfiber-, and microfluidics-based biofabrication. The book includes practical examples of 3D bioprinting, a protocol for typical 3D bioprinting, and relevant experimental data drawn from recent research. * Highlights the interdisciplinary nature of 3D bioprinting and its applications in biology, medicine, and pharmaceutical science * Summarizes a variety of commonly used 3D bioprinting methods * Describes the design and preparation of various types of bioinks * Discusses applications of 3D bioprinting such as organ development, toxicological research, clinical transplantation, and tissue repair Covering a wide range of topics, Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting is essential reading for advanced students, academic researchers, and industry professionals in fields including biomedicine, tissue engineering, bioengineering, drug development, pharmacology, bioglogical screening, and mechanical engineering.

Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation

Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation

Author: Anthony Atala

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-07-17

Total Pages: 441

ISBN-13: 0128010150

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation discusses the techniques that are making bioprinting a viable alternative in regenerative medicine. The book runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, including hydrogels and polymers, nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms, also introducing current applications in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction. Leaders in clinical medicine and translational science provide a global perspective of the transformative nature of this field, including the use of cells, biomaterials, and macromolecules to create basic building blocks of tissues and organs, all of which are driving the field of biofabrication to transform regenerative medicine. Provides a new and versatile method to fabricating living tissue Discusses future applications for 3D bioprinting technologies, including use in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction Describes current approaches and future challenges for translational science Runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, from hydrogels and polymers to nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms


Book Synopsis Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation by : Anthony Atala

Download or read book Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation written by Anthony Atala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation discusses the techniques that are making bioprinting a viable alternative in regenerative medicine. The book runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, including hydrogels and polymers, nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms, also introducing current applications in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction. Leaders in clinical medicine and translational science provide a global perspective of the transformative nature of this field, including the use of cells, biomaterials, and macromolecules to create basic building blocks of tissues and organs, all of which are driving the field of biofabrication to transform regenerative medicine. Provides a new and versatile method to fabricating living tissue Discusses future applications for 3D bioprinting technologies, including use in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction Describes current approaches and future challenges for translational science Runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, from hydrogels and polymers to nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms

3D Bioprinting

3D Bioprinting

Author: Jeremy M. Crook

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-03-23

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 1071605208

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume explores the latest developments and contributions to the field of 3D bioprinting, and discusses its use for quality R&D and translation. The chapters in this book are divided into two parts: Part one covers generic themes in bioprinting to introduce novice readers to the field, while also providing experts with new and helpful information. Part two discusses protocols used to prepare, characterize, and print a variety of biomaterials, cells, and tissues. These chapters also emphasize methods used for printing defined and humanized constructs suitable for human tissue modelling in research and applicable to clinical product development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, 3D Bioprinting: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and bioprinting laboratories/facilities interested in learning more about this rapidly evolving technology.


Book Synopsis 3D Bioprinting by : Jeremy M. Crook

Download or read book 3D Bioprinting written by Jeremy M. Crook and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest developments and contributions to the field of 3D bioprinting, and discusses its use for quality R&D and translation. The chapters in this book are divided into two parts: Part one covers generic themes in bioprinting to introduce novice readers to the field, while also providing experts with new and helpful information. Part two discusses protocols used to prepare, characterize, and print a variety of biomaterials, cells, and tissues. These chapters also emphasize methods used for printing defined and humanized constructs suitable for human tissue modelling in research and applicable to clinical product development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, 3D Bioprinting: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and bioprinting laboratories/facilities interested in learning more about this rapidly evolving technology.

3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Author: Lijie Grace Zhang

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2022-02-18

Total Pages: 563

ISBN-13: 0128245530

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Second Edition provides an in-depth introduction to bioprinting and nanotechnology and their industrial applications. Sections cover 4D Printing Smart Multi-responsive Structure, Cells for Bioprinting, 4D Printing Biomaterials, 3D/4D printing functional biomedical devices, 3D Printing for Cardiac and Heart Regeneration, Integrating 3D printing with Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 3D Printing for Liver Regeneration, 3D Printing for Cancer Studies, 4D Printing Soft Bio-robots, Clinical Translation and Future Directions. The book's team of expert contributors have pooled their expertise in order to provide a summary of the suitability, sustainability and limitations of each technique for each specific application. The increasing availability and decreasing costs of nanotechnologies and 3D printing technologies are driving their use to meet medical needs. This book provides an overview of these technologies and their integration. Includes clinical applications, regulatory hurdles, and a risk-benefit analysis of each technology Assists readers in selecting the best materials and how to identify the right parameters for printing Includes the advantages of integrating 3D printing and nanotechnology in order to improve the safety of nano-scale materials for biomedical applications


Book Synopsis 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine by : Lijie Grace Zhang

Download or read book 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Lijie Grace Zhang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Second Edition provides an in-depth introduction to bioprinting and nanotechnology and their industrial applications. Sections cover 4D Printing Smart Multi-responsive Structure, Cells for Bioprinting, 4D Printing Biomaterials, 3D/4D printing functional biomedical devices, 3D Printing for Cardiac and Heart Regeneration, Integrating 3D printing with Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, 3D Printing for Liver Regeneration, 3D Printing for Cancer Studies, 4D Printing Soft Bio-robots, Clinical Translation and Future Directions. The book's team of expert contributors have pooled their expertise in order to provide a summary of the suitability, sustainability and limitations of each technique for each specific application. The increasing availability and decreasing costs of nanotechnologies and 3D printing technologies are driving their use to meet medical needs. This book provides an overview of these technologies and their integration. Includes clinical applications, regulatory hurdles, and a risk-benefit analysis of each technology Assists readers in selecting the best materials and how to identify the right parameters for printing Includes the advantages of integrating 3D printing and nanotechnology in order to improve the safety of nano-scale materials for biomedical applications

3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Author: Murat Guvendiren

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-12-02

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 3039361120

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of tissue-engineered constructs and devices from a patient’s own medical data, leading to the creation of anatomically matched and patient-specific constructs. There is a growing interest in applying 3D printing technologies in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The main printing methods include extrusion-based, vat photopolymerization, droplet-based, and powder-based printing. A variety of materials have been used for printing, from metal alloys and ceramics to polymers and elastomers as well as from hydrogels to extracellular matrix proteins. More recently, bioprinting, a subcategory of 3D printing, has enabled the precise assembly of cell-laden biomaterials (i.e., bioinks) for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. In this Special Issue, we aim to capture state-of-the-art research papers and the most current review papers focusing on 3D printing for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, we seek novel studies on the development of 3D printing and bioprinting approaches, developing printable materials (inks and bioinks), and utilizing 3D-printed scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. These applications are not limited to but include scaffolds for in vivo tissue regeneration and tissue analogues for in vitro disease modeling and/or drug screening.


Book Synopsis 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine by : Murat Guvendiren

Download or read book 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine written by Murat Guvendiren and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of tissue-engineered constructs and devices from a patient’s own medical data, leading to the creation of anatomically matched and patient-specific constructs. There is a growing interest in applying 3D printing technologies in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The main printing methods include extrusion-based, vat photopolymerization, droplet-based, and powder-based printing. A variety of materials have been used for printing, from metal alloys and ceramics to polymers and elastomers as well as from hydrogels to extracellular matrix proteins. More recently, bioprinting, a subcategory of 3D printing, has enabled the precise assembly of cell-laden biomaterials (i.e., bioinks) for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. In this Special Issue, we aim to capture state-of-the-art research papers and the most current review papers focusing on 3D printing for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, we seek novel studies on the development of 3D printing and bioprinting approaches, developing printable materials (inks and bioinks), and utilizing 3D-printed scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. These applications are not limited to but include scaffolds for in vivo tissue regeneration and tissue analogues for in vitro disease modeling and/or drug screening.

3D Bioprinting

3D Bioprinting

Author: Dong-Woo Cho

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-12-04

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13: 303032222X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This text advances fundamental knowledge in modeling in vitro tissues/organs as an alternative to 2D cell culture and animal testing. Prior to engineering in vitro tissues/organs,the descriptions of prerequisites (from pre-processing to post-processing) in modeling in vitro tissues/organs are discussed. The most prevalent technologies that have been widely used for establishing the in vitro tissue/organ models are also described, including transwell, cell spheroids/sheets, organoids, and microfluidic-based chips. In particular, the authors focus on 3D bioprinting in vitro tissue/organ models using tissue-specific bioinks. Several representative bioprinting methods and conventional bioinks are introduced. As a bioink source, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) are importantly covered, including decellularization methods, evaluation methods for demonstrating successful decellularization, and material safety. Taken together, the authors delineate various application examples of 3D bioprinted in vitro tissue/organ models especially using dECM bioinks.


Book Synopsis 3D Bioprinting by : Dong-Woo Cho

Download or read book 3D Bioprinting written by Dong-Woo Cho and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text advances fundamental knowledge in modeling in vitro tissues/organs as an alternative to 2D cell culture and animal testing. Prior to engineering in vitro tissues/organs,the descriptions of prerequisites (from pre-processing to post-processing) in modeling in vitro tissues/organs are discussed. The most prevalent technologies that have been widely used for establishing the in vitro tissue/organ models are also described, including transwell, cell spheroids/sheets, organoids, and microfluidic-based chips. In particular, the authors focus on 3D bioprinting in vitro tissue/organ models using tissue-specific bioinks. Several representative bioprinting methods and conventional bioinks are introduced. As a bioink source, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) are importantly covered, including decellularization methods, evaluation methods for demonstrating successful decellularization, and material safety. Taken together, the authors delineate various application examples of 3D bioprinted in vitro tissue/organ models especially using dECM bioinks.

3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering

3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering

Author: Ali Khademhosseini

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-04-17

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 1315280485

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Regenerative engineering is the convergence of developmental biology, stem cell science and engineering, materials science, and clinical translation to provide tissue patches or constructs for diseased or damaged organs. Various methods have been introduced to create tissue constructs with clinically relevant dimensions. Among such methods, 3D bioprinting provides the versatility, speed and control over location and dimensions of the deposited structures. Three-dimensional bioprinting has leveraged the momentum in printing and tissue engineering technologies and has emerged as a versatile method of fabricating tissue blocks and patches. The flexibility of the system lies in the fact that numerous biomaterials encapsulated with living cells can be printed. This book contains an extensive collection of papers by world-renowned experts in 3D bioprinting. In addition to providing entry-level knowledge about bioprinting, the authors delve into the latest advances in this technology. Furthermore, details are included about the different technologies used in bioprinting. In addition to the equipment for bioprinting, the book also describes the different biomaterials and cells used in these approaches. This text: Presents the principles and applications of bioprinting Discusses bioinks for 3D printing Explores applications of extrusion bioprinting, including past, present, and future challenges Includes discussion on 4D Bioprinting in terms of mechanisms and applications


Book Synopsis 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering by : Ali Khademhosseini

Download or read book 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering written by Ali Khademhosseini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative engineering is the convergence of developmental biology, stem cell science and engineering, materials science, and clinical translation to provide tissue patches or constructs for diseased or damaged organs. Various methods have been introduced to create tissue constructs with clinically relevant dimensions. Among such methods, 3D bioprinting provides the versatility, speed and control over location and dimensions of the deposited structures. Three-dimensional bioprinting has leveraged the momentum in printing and tissue engineering technologies and has emerged as a versatile method of fabricating tissue blocks and patches. The flexibility of the system lies in the fact that numerous biomaterials encapsulated with living cells can be printed. This book contains an extensive collection of papers by world-renowned experts in 3D bioprinting. In addition to providing entry-level knowledge about bioprinting, the authors delve into the latest advances in this technology. Furthermore, details are included about the different technologies used in bioprinting. In addition to the equipment for bioprinting, the book also describes the different biomaterials and cells used in these approaches. This text: Presents the principles and applications of bioprinting Discusses bioinks for 3D printing Explores applications of extrusion bioprinting, including past, present, and future challenges Includes discussion on 4D Bioprinting in terms of mechanisms and applications

Bioprinting: Principles And Applications

Bioprinting: Principles And Applications

Author: Wai Yee Yeong

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Inc

Published: 2014-11-27

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9814612138

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

At labs around the world, researchers have been experimenting with bioprinting, first just to see whether it was possible to push cells through a printhead without killing them (in most cases it is), and then trying to make cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels, small bits of liver and other tissues. There are other ways to try to “engineer” tissue — one involves creating a scaffold out of plastics or other materials and adding cells to it. In theory, at least, a bioprinter has advantages in manipulating control of the placement of cells and other components to mimic natural structures.But just as the claims made for 3-D printing technology sometimes exceed the reality, the field of bioprinting has seen its share of hype. The reality is that, although bioprinting researchers have made great strides, there are many formidable obstacles to overcome. Nobody who has any credibility claims they can print organs, or believes in their heart of hearts that that will happen in the next 20 years, but for operations like hip replacement, advance in Bio-printing has made customization of certain body parts possible.This book will start from the concept of Tissue Engineering, covering various approaches in Scaffolds for tissue engineering, Bioprinting techniques and Materials for bioprinting, Cell processing, 3D cell culture techniques, Computational design and simulation, multi-disciplinary approaches in bioprinting and finally cover the applications of bioprinting.


Book Synopsis Bioprinting: Principles And Applications by : Wai Yee Yeong

Download or read book Bioprinting: Principles And Applications written by Wai Yee Yeong and published by World Scientific Publishing Co Inc. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At labs around the world, researchers have been experimenting with bioprinting, first just to see whether it was possible to push cells through a printhead without killing them (in most cases it is), and then trying to make cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels, small bits of liver and other tissues. There are other ways to try to “engineer” tissue — one involves creating a scaffold out of plastics or other materials and adding cells to it. In theory, at least, a bioprinter has advantages in manipulating control of the placement of cells and other components to mimic natural structures.But just as the claims made for 3-D printing technology sometimes exceed the reality, the field of bioprinting has seen its share of hype. The reality is that, although bioprinting researchers have made great strides, there are many formidable obstacles to overcome. Nobody who has any credibility claims they can print organs, or believes in their heart of hearts that that will happen in the next 20 years, but for operations like hip replacement, advance in Bio-printing has made customization of certain body parts possible.This book will start from the concept of Tissue Engineering, covering various approaches in Scaffolds for tissue engineering, Bioprinting techniques and Materials for bioprinting, Cell processing, 3D cell culture techniques, Computational design and simulation, multi-disciplinary approaches in bioprinting and finally cover the applications of bioprinting.

Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine

Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine

Author: Kursad Turksen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-09-02

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 3319213865

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume presents the current state of laser-assisted bioprinting, a cutting edge tissue engineering technology. Nineteen chapters discuss the most recent developments in using this technology for engineering different types of tissue. Beginning with an overview, the discussion covers bioprinting in cell viability and pattern viability, tissue microfabrication to study cell proliferation, microenvironment for controlling stem cell fate, cell differentiation, zigzag cellular tubes, cartilage tissue engineering, osteogenesis, vessel substitutes, skin tissue and much more. Because bioprinting is on its way to becoming a dominant technology in tissue-engineering, Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine is essential reading for those researching or working in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering or translational research. Those studying or working with stem cells who are interested in the development of the field will also find the information invaluable.


Book Synopsis Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine by : Kursad Turksen

Download or read book Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine written by Kursad Turksen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the current state of laser-assisted bioprinting, a cutting edge tissue engineering technology. Nineteen chapters discuss the most recent developments in using this technology for engineering different types of tissue. Beginning with an overview, the discussion covers bioprinting in cell viability and pattern viability, tissue microfabrication to study cell proliferation, microenvironment for controlling stem cell fate, cell differentiation, zigzag cellular tubes, cartilage tissue engineering, osteogenesis, vessel substitutes, skin tissue and much more. Because bioprinting is on its way to becoming a dominant technology in tissue-engineering, Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine is essential reading for those researching or working in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering or translational research. Those studying or working with stem cells who are interested in the development of the field will also find the information invaluable.

3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine

3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine

Author: Nabeel Ahmad

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-03-30

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 0128158913

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine provides an integrated and introductory look into the rapidly evolving field of nanobiotechnology. It demystifies the processes of commercialization and discusses legal and regulatory considerations. With a focus on nanoscale processes and biomedical applications, users will find this to be a comprehensive resource on how 3D printing can be utilized in a range of areas, including the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of human diseases. Examines the emerging market of 3D-printed biomaterials and their clinical applications, with a particular focus on both commercial and premarket tools Examines the promising market of 3D-printed nanoparticles, nanomaterial, biomaterials, composite nanomaterial and their clinical applications in the cardiovascular and chemotherapy realms Develops the concept of integrating different technologies along the hierarchical structure of biological systems


Book Synopsis 3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine by : Nabeel Ahmad

Download or read book 3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine written by Nabeel Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-30 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D Printing Technology in Nanomedicine provides an integrated and introductory look into the rapidly evolving field of nanobiotechnology. It demystifies the processes of commercialization and discusses legal and regulatory considerations. With a focus on nanoscale processes and biomedical applications, users will find this to be a comprehensive resource on how 3D printing can be utilized in a range of areas, including the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of human diseases. Examines the emerging market of 3D-printed biomaterials and their clinical applications, with a particular focus on both commercial and premarket tools Examines the promising market of 3D-printed nanoparticles, nanomaterial, biomaterials, composite nanomaterial and their clinical applications in the cardiovascular and chemotherapy realms Develops the concept of integrating different technologies along the hierarchical structure of biological systems