Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Edwin Wan

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-11-25

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 3039435558

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.


Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis by : Edwin Wan

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis written by Edwin Wan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Edwin Wan

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 9783039435562

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.


Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis by : Edwin Wan

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis written by Edwin Wan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known, but it is generally accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS has increased tremendously in the past decade through clinical studies and the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model that has been widely used for MS research. Major advances in the field, such as understanding the roles of pathogenic Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in MS/EAE, as well as cytokine and chemokine signaling that controls neuroinflammation, have led to the development of potential and clinically approved disease-modifying agents (DMAs). There are many aspects related to the initiation, relapse and remission, and progression of MS that are yet to be elucidated. For instance, what are the genetic and environmental risk factors that promote the initiation of MS, and how do these factors impact the immune system? What factors drive the progression of MS, and what are the roles of peripheral immune cells in disease progression? How do the CNS-infiltrated immune cells interact with the CNS-resident glial cells when the disease progresses? What is the role of microbiome in MS? Can we develop animal models that better represent subcategories of MS? Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of MS will help to develop novel and more specific therapeutic strategies that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes of the treatments. This Special Issue of Cells has published original research articles, a retrospective clinical report, and review articles that investigate the cellular and molecular basis of MS.

The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis

The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 9789088918469

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"Multiple sclerose (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which autoimmune demyelination leads to severe and progressive neurologic decline. A hallmark of MS is its clinical and pathological heterogeneity. This is most evident in the highly variable and unpredictable disease course: some MS patients may remain relatively asymptomatic for decades, whereas others may progress to a state of severe disability and death within years or in cases with fulminant disease even within months after onset. Strongly implicated in the heterogeneity of MS are inter-individual differences in cortisol production by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. In most MS patients, the HPA-axis is strongly activated. However, we and others identified an association between low HPA-axis activity and more severe MS. Therefore, this thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the relation between activity and regulation of the HPA-axis and various aspects of MS: clinical course, neurodegeneration, lesion pathology, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms, and molecular as well as cellular characteristics of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). On the whole, this thesis supports the conclusion that high stress-axis activity substantially contributes to suppression of MS disease activity, as the presented evidence strongly suggests that it impacts on clinical course, lesion pathology as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms in the NAWM. Finding ways to evaluate and possibly modify stress-axis responsiveness to inflammation might therefore improve the clinical care of MS patients. In addition, identifying mechanisms to modulate microglia and glucocorticoid-related molecular pathways in the NAWM may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for preventing lesion formation and disease progression in MS."--Samenvatting auteur.


Book Synopsis The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis by :

Download or read book The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Multiple sclerose (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which autoimmune demyelination leads to severe and progressive neurologic decline. A hallmark of MS is its clinical and pathological heterogeneity. This is most evident in the highly variable and unpredictable disease course: some MS patients may remain relatively asymptomatic for decades, whereas others may progress to a state of severe disability and death within years or in cases with fulminant disease even within months after onset. Strongly implicated in the heterogeneity of MS are inter-individual differences in cortisol production by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. In most MS patients, the HPA-axis is strongly activated. However, we and others identified an association between low HPA-axis activity and more severe MS. Therefore, this thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the relation between activity and regulation of the HPA-axis and various aspects of MS: clinical course, neurodegeneration, lesion pathology, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms, and molecular as well as cellular characteristics of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). On the whole, this thesis supports the conclusion that high stress-axis activity substantially contributes to suppression of MS disease activity, as the presented evidence strongly suggests that it impacts on clinical course, lesion pathology as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms in the NAWM. Finding ways to evaluate and possibly modify stress-axis responsiveness to inflammation might therefore improve the clinical care of MS patients. In addition, identifying mechanisms to modulate microglia and glucocorticoid-related molecular pathways in the NAWM may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for preventing lesion formation and disease progression in MS."--Samenvatting auteur.

Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis

Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Roland Martin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-14

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 3642141536

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Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. One reason for these limitations is the enormous complexity of the disease and every facet of its pathogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue injury, the diagnostic procedures and finally the efficacy of treatments and their side effects. The aim of this book is to review the most recent advances made in this highly complex field.


Book Synopsis Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis by : Roland Martin

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis written by Roland Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. One reason for these limitations is the enormous complexity of the disease and every facet of its pathogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue injury, the diagnostic procedures and finally the efficacy of treatments and their side effects. The aim of this book is to review the most recent advances made in this highly complex field.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-08-10

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 0309072859

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.


Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Ian S. Zagon

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 137

ISBN-13: 9780994438133

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Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Ian S. Zagon

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Ian S. Zagon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases

Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases

Author: Nicholas M Boulis

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2017-01-18

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0128025247

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Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases discusses the basics of the diseases, also covering advances in research and clinical trials. The book provides a resource for students that will help them learn the basics in a detailed manner that is required for scientists and clinicians. Users will find a comprehensive overview of the background of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig’s Disease) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), along with the current understanding of their genetics and mechanisms. In addition, the book details gene and cell therapies that have been developed and their translation to clinical trials. Provides an overview of gene and cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases Edited by a leading Neurosurgeon and two research scientists to promote synthesis between basic neuroscience and clinical relevance Presents a great resource for researchers and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, and gene and cell therapy


Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases by : Nicholas M Boulis

Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases written by Nicholas M Boulis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases discusses the basics of the diseases, also covering advances in research and clinical trials. The book provides a resource for students that will help them learn the basics in a detailed manner that is required for scientists and clinicians. Users will find a comprehensive overview of the background of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig’s Disease) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), along with the current understanding of their genetics and mechanisms. In addition, the book details gene and cell therapies that have been developed and their translation to clinical trials. Provides an overview of gene and cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases Edited by a leading Neurosurgeon and two research scientists to promote synthesis between basic neuroscience and clinical relevance Presents a great resource for researchers and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, and gene and cell therapy

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Remission in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Remission in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Author: Graig Chirathiti Suvannavejh

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Taken together, we have provided evidence for two potential mechanisms of disease remission, one involving interactions between death inducing ligands and their receptors, and another using immunoregulatory cells. This study provides keen insight and far-ranging implications in not only understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, but also in the design of therapeutic applications and regimens for their subsequent treatment.


Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Remission in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). by : Graig Chirathiti Suvannavejh

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Remission in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). written by Graig Chirathiti Suvannavejh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taken together, we have provided evidence for two potential mechanisms of disease remission, one involving interactions between death inducing ligands and their receptors, and another using immunoregulatory cells. This study provides keen insight and far-ranging implications in not only understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, but also in the design of therapeutic applications and regimens for their subsequent treatment.

Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis

Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis

Author: W. C. Russell

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13:

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating demyelinating disease with complex aetiology which defies simple molecular description. Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a compendium of information on the molecular aspects of the disease. It embraces contributions on the biology and pathology of the cells of the central nervous system as well as recent advances in our understanding of the relevant biochemistry, immunology, genetics and virology. With this enhanced knowledge the prospects for transplantation and repair of the damaged myelin as well as approaches to rational therapy are considered. Studies in MS embrace a wide spectrum of disciplines and this volume will be indispensible to neurologist, molecular biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, geneticists and immunologists with an interest in MS.


Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis by : W. C. Russell

Download or read book Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis written by W. C. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating demyelinating disease with complex aetiology which defies simple molecular description. Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a compendium of information on the molecular aspects of the disease. It embraces contributions on the biology and pathology of the cells of the central nervous system as well as recent advances in our understanding of the relevant biochemistry, immunology, genetics and virology. With this enhanced knowledge the prospects for transplantation and repair of the damaged myelin as well as approaches to rational therapy are considered. Studies in MS embrace a wide spectrum of disciplines and this volume will be indispensible to neurologist, molecular biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, geneticists and immunologists with an interest in MS.

Neuroimmune Diseases

Neuroimmune Diseases

Author: Hiroshi Mitoma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-08-13

Total Pages: 822

ISBN-13: 3030195155

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A translational overview of neuroimmune diseases for neuroscientists and clinicians that clarifies the pathological mechanisms underlying neuroimmune diseases and builds a comprehensive bridge between the latest research findings and their clinical implications in daily practice. The material is presented in two steps. The first section comprises a review of the pathogenic actions of immune cells in brain diseases. Here the authors discuss the mechanisms through which immune cells disrupt the functions of nerve cells. The second section explores the ways in which the brain becomes dysfunctional due to impaired nerve cell function. Based on pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed for each clinical category. The book will be invaluable for use in clinical practice of neuroimmune diseases


Book Synopsis Neuroimmune Diseases by : Hiroshi Mitoma

Download or read book Neuroimmune Diseases written by Hiroshi Mitoma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A translational overview of neuroimmune diseases for neuroscientists and clinicians that clarifies the pathological mechanisms underlying neuroimmune diseases and builds a comprehensive bridge between the latest research findings and their clinical implications in daily practice. The material is presented in two steps. The first section comprises a review of the pathogenic actions of immune cells in brain diseases. Here the authors discuss the mechanisms through which immune cells disrupt the functions of nerve cells. The second section explores the ways in which the brain becomes dysfunctional due to impaired nerve cell function. Based on pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed for each clinical category. The book will be invaluable for use in clinical practice of neuroimmune diseases