An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe

An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe

Author: Ivan T. Berend

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006-04-20

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13: 1139452649

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A major history of economic regimes and economic performance throughout the twentieth century. Ivan T. Berend looks at the historic development of the twentieth-century European economy, examining both its failures and its successes in responding to the challenges of this crisis-ridden and troubled but highly successful age. The book surveys the European economy's chronological development, the main factors of economic growth, and the various economic regimes that were invented and introduced in Europe during the twentieth century. Professor Berend shows how the vast disparity between the European regions that had characterized earlier periods gradually began to disappear during the course of the twentieth century as more and more countries reached a more or less similar level of economic development. This accessible book will be required reading for students in European economic history, economics, and modern European history.


Book Synopsis An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe by : Ivan T. Berend

Download or read book An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe written by Ivan T. Berend and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major history of economic regimes and economic performance throughout the twentieth century. Ivan T. Berend looks at the historic development of the twentieth-century European economy, examining both its failures and its successes in responding to the challenges of this crisis-ridden and troubled but highly successful age. The book surveys the European economy's chronological development, the main factors of economic growth, and the various economic regimes that were invented and introduced in Europe during the twentieth century. Professor Berend shows how the vast disparity between the European regions that had characterized earlier periods gradually began to disappear during the course of the twentieth century as more and more countries reached a more or less similar level of economic development. This accessible book will be required reading for students in European economic history, economics, and modern European history.


Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies

Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies

Author: C.M. Davis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 504

ISBN-13: 9400908237

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The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.


Book Synopsis Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies by : C.M. Davis

Download or read book Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies written by C.M. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.


Centrally Planned Economies

Centrally Planned Economies

Author: Libor Žídek

Publisher:

Published: 2019-05-31

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781138614383

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This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the centrally-planned economy of communist Czechoslovakia. One of the book's key questions is: Why did centrally-planned economies lag behind the developed economies? This book makes a major contribution to the discussion on central planning, as no similar recent publication on the topic exists.


Book Synopsis Centrally Planned Economies by : Libor Žídek

Download or read book Centrally Planned Economies written by Libor Žídek and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the centrally-planned economy of communist Czechoslovakia. One of the book's key questions is: Why did centrally-planned economies lag behind the developed economies? This book makes a major contribution to the discussion on central planning, as no similar recent publication on the topic exists.


The People's Republic of Walmart

The People's Republic of Walmart

Author: Leigh Phillips

Publisher: Verso Books

Published: 2019-03-05

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 178663516X

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Are multi-national corporations like Walmart and Amazon laying the groundwork for international socialism? For the left and the right, major multinational companies are held up as the ultimate expressions of free-market capitalism. Their remarkable success appears to vindicate the old idea that modern society is too complex to be subjected to a plan. And yet, as Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski argue, much of the economy of the West is centrally planned at present. Not only is planning on vast scales possible, we already have it and it works. The real question is whether planning can be democratic. Can it be transformed to work for us? An engaging, polemical romp through economic theory, computational complexity, and the history of planning, The People’s Republic of Walmart revives the conversation about how society can extend democratic decision-making to all economic matters. With the advances in information technology in recent decades and the emergence of globe-straddling collective enterprises, democratic planning in the interest of all humanity is more important and closer to attainment than ever before.


Book Synopsis The People's Republic of Walmart by : Leigh Phillips

Download or read book The People's Republic of Walmart written by Leigh Phillips and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are multi-national corporations like Walmart and Amazon laying the groundwork for international socialism? For the left and the right, major multinational companies are held up as the ultimate expressions of free-market capitalism. Their remarkable success appears to vindicate the old idea that modern society is too complex to be subjected to a plan. And yet, as Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski argue, much of the economy of the West is centrally planned at present. Not only is planning on vast scales possible, we already have it and it works. The real question is whether planning can be democratic. Can it be transformed to work for us? An engaging, polemical romp through economic theory, computational complexity, and the history of planning, The People’s Republic of Walmart revives the conversation about how society can extend democratic decision-making to all economic matters. With the advances in information technology in recent decades and the emergence of globe-straddling collective enterprises, democratic planning in the interest of all humanity is more important and closer to attainment than ever before.


Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies

Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies

Author: P.T. Wanless

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-06-28

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 1351107194

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Economists studying comparative economic systems have generally neglected the important question of taxation in socialist countries. This is somewhat surprising since taxation plays an important role in the regulation of economic activity in these countries. This book, first published in 1985, aims to restore the study of taxation to its rightful role in comparative economic studies. It stresses the importance of taxation and the state budget and argues that these are tools of economic policy which complement central economic planning.


Book Synopsis Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies by : P.T. Wanless

Download or read book Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies written by P.T. Wanless and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists studying comparative economic systems have generally neglected the important question of taxation in socialist countries. This is somewhat surprising since taxation plays an important role in the regulation of economic activity in these countries. This book, first published in 1985, aims to restore the study of taxation to its rightful role in comparative economic studies. It stresses the importance of taxation and the state budget and argues that these are tools of economic policy which complement central economic planning.


Problems of the Planned Economy

Problems of the Planned Economy

Author: John Eatwell

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1990-07-23

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1349208639

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This is an excerpt from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. This extract concentrates on problems encountered in a planned economy.


Book Synopsis Problems of the Planned Economy by : John Eatwell

Download or read book Problems of the Planned Economy written by John Eatwell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-07-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an excerpt from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. This extract concentrates on problems encountered in a planned economy.


Centrally Planned Economies

Centrally Planned Economies

Author: Libor Žídek

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-05-14

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 0429874650

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Offering a retrospective view of how the system operated in Communist Czechoslovakia, this book is an important voice in the discussion about the systems of central planning. The unique features of the book include in-depth research comprising both archival records and analyses of around 75 interviews conducted with period managers across a wide range of management levels. They provided evidence of pervasive inefficiency resulting in appalling economic outcomes. The book begins with a background to the politico-sociological system in Czechoslovakia and proceeds to describe the Marxist-Leninist ideological foundation of the regime, which underpinned the formal setting of the Czechoslovak model. These initial chapters set the context for the subsequent analysis of the real functioning of the system. The book explores the economic outcomes that must be understood as a natural consequence of the ways in which this system operated. The author finishes by answering the important question of why centrally planned economies trailed behind the market economies. The book’s unique use of the interview research format brings a vivid, close-up view of the everyday economic life in the centrally planned system. This will be a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the day-to-day reality of the system, which was found to be more colourful than is generally deemed. The book will appeal to both economic historians and students of economic history. A warning against repeating past mistakes, this book will also be of interest to those seeking a greater knowledge of the realities and consequences of centrally planned economies.


Book Synopsis Centrally Planned Economies by : Libor Žídek

Download or read book Centrally Planned Economies written by Libor Žídek and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a retrospective view of how the system operated in Communist Czechoslovakia, this book is an important voice in the discussion about the systems of central planning. The unique features of the book include in-depth research comprising both archival records and analyses of around 75 interviews conducted with period managers across a wide range of management levels. They provided evidence of pervasive inefficiency resulting in appalling economic outcomes. The book begins with a background to the politico-sociological system in Czechoslovakia and proceeds to describe the Marxist-Leninist ideological foundation of the regime, which underpinned the formal setting of the Czechoslovak model. These initial chapters set the context for the subsequent analysis of the real functioning of the system. The book explores the economic outcomes that must be understood as a natural consequence of the ways in which this system operated. The author finishes by answering the important question of why centrally planned economies trailed behind the market economies. The book’s unique use of the interview research format brings a vivid, close-up view of the everyday economic life in the centrally planned system. This will be a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the day-to-day reality of the system, which was found to be more colourful than is generally deemed. The book will appeal to both economic historians and students of economic history. A warning against repeating past mistakes, this book will also be of interest to those seeking a greater knowledge of the realities and consequences of centrally planned economies.


Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies

Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies

Author: Richard Quandt

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-09-03

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 1000308375

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Much research into the economics of socialist planned economies has emphasized macroeconomic issues central to setting and meeting macroeconomic goals, and research on the theory of the firm in capitalist economies is not generally relevant to socialist economies. In this volume, leading economists from both East and West fill the gap in the literature by examining in critical detail many different aspects of the microeconomics of the firm in socialist economies.


Book Synopsis Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies by : Richard Quandt

Download or read book Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies written by Richard Quandt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much research into the economics of socialist planned economies has emphasized macroeconomic issues central to setting and meeting macroeconomic goals, and research on the theory of the firm in capitalist economies is not generally relevant to socialist economies. In this volume, leading economists from both East and West fill the gap in the literature by examining in critical detail many different aspects of the microeconomics of the firm in socialist economies.


Central Planning

Central Planning

Author: P. Hare

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-07-04

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1136472266

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Examines the nature and the mode of operation of the centrally planned economy, assessing its strengths and the weaknesses that eventually led to its demise.


Book Synopsis Central Planning by : P. Hare

Download or read book Central Planning written by P. Hare and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the nature and the mode of operation of the centrally planned economy, assessing its strengths and the weaknesses that eventually led to its demise.


Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies

Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies

Author: William Jefferies

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-11-27

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 1317594924

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In 1991 "Communism" collapsed. The cold war was over and the West had won. Whole cities, Moscow, St Petersburg, Warsaw, Beijing, Budapest and Bucharest, whole countries indeed, were privatised for nothing or next to nothing. This was probably the greatest expansion of the world market in history. And yet, according to national income measurements of the CIA, OECD, World Bank and IMF, this gigantic expansion of market production, led to a decline in market production in the very countries where it was introduced. How to explain this paradox? This book traces the origin of the West’s national income measurements, from their origin in the 1923/4 Balance developed in the USSR, to the USA in the early 1930s via two Soviet exiles, Simon Kuznets and Wassily Leontief, and then back to the USSR again, after a vigorous debate, through a protégé of Kuznets, Abram Bergson. The AFC imputed national incomes to a centrally planned economy, based on physical not income measurements. This book provides a detailed assessment of the failure of the AFC method to measure the real growth of actual market production during the transition period. This book provides a detailed account of the application of national income measurements to the centrally planned economies. It assesses all of the major contributors to this debate, including Colin Clark, Naum Jasny, Alexander Gerschenkron, G.Warren Nutter and Abram Bergson. It provides a new much higher, estimate of the expansion of market production during the transition period, based on an estimate of the actual growth of real market production. It discusses the very significant implications of this re-estimate for contemporary theories of globalisation.


Book Synopsis Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies by : William Jefferies

Download or read book Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies written by William Jefferies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1991 "Communism" collapsed. The cold war was over and the West had won. Whole cities, Moscow, St Petersburg, Warsaw, Beijing, Budapest and Bucharest, whole countries indeed, were privatised for nothing or next to nothing. This was probably the greatest expansion of the world market in history. And yet, according to national income measurements of the CIA, OECD, World Bank and IMF, this gigantic expansion of market production, led to a decline in market production in the very countries where it was introduced. How to explain this paradox? This book traces the origin of the West’s national income measurements, from their origin in the 1923/4 Balance developed in the USSR, to the USA in the early 1930s via two Soviet exiles, Simon Kuznets and Wassily Leontief, and then back to the USSR again, after a vigorous debate, through a protégé of Kuznets, Abram Bergson. The AFC imputed national incomes to a centrally planned economy, based on physical not income measurements. This book provides a detailed assessment of the failure of the AFC method to measure the real growth of actual market production during the transition period. This book provides a detailed account of the application of national income measurements to the centrally planned economies. It assesses all of the major contributors to this debate, including Colin Clark, Naum Jasny, Alexander Gerschenkron, G.Warren Nutter and Abram Bergson. It provides a new much higher, estimate of the expansion of market production during the transition period, based on an estimate of the actual growth of real market production. It discusses the very significant implications of this re-estimate for contemporary theories of globalisation.