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Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest mgmt. plans in the Pacific NW include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. This study describes existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic. Illustrations. This is a print on demand report.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by : Andrew N. Gray
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by Andrew N. Gray and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest mgmt. plans in the Pacific NW include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. This study describes existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic. Illustrations. This is a print on demand report.
Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. The goal of this study was to describe existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. In addition, the abundance of specific stand attributes associated with old-growth stands was estimated from regional inventory data. Most of the old-growth stands had experienced moderately severe disturbances during their development resulting in mid- and understory trees belonging to cohorts younger than those of overstory trees. Most of the stands had the full complement of old-growth attributes (large shade-intolerant trees, shadetolerant trees, snags, and down wood), although the dead wood attributes tended to be less abundant in drier stand types. Thresholds for at least four of the five old-growth attributes were met on 7 percent of the inventory plots on federal lands, but on only 0.4 percent of the inventory plots on nonfederal lands. Shade-intolerant trees in particular were low in abundance in mature stands of intermediate diameter class (10 to 30 in). Large-diameter class stands (>30 in) were more abundant near the coast than near the Willamette Valley margin. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-Growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests. The goal of this study was to describe existing old-growth forests in the northern Oregon Coast Range that might serve as examples of desired future conditions and developmental pathways. In addition, the abundance of specific stand attributes associated with old-growth stands was estimated from regional inventory data. Most of the old-growth stands had experienced moderately severe disturbances during their development resulting in mid- and understory trees belonging to cohorts younger than those of overstory trees. Most of the stands had the full complement of old-growth attributes (large shade-intolerant trees, shadetolerant trees, snags, and down wood), although the dead wood attributes tended to be less abundant in drier stand types. Thresholds for at least four of the five old-growth attributes were met on 7 percent of the inventory plots on federal lands, but on only 0.4 percent of the inventory plots on nonfederal lands. Shade-intolerant trees in particular were low in abundance in mature stands of intermediate diameter class (10 to 30 in). Large-diameter class stands (>30 in) were more abundant near the coast than near the Willamette Valley margin. Results suggest that although old-growth forests can develop along multiple pathways, stand composition and productivity constrain development such that expecting all late-successional stands to have the full complement of old-growth attributes may not be realistic.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparison to Surrounding Landscapes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparsion to Surrounding Landscapes by : Andrew N. Gray
Download or read book Characteristics of Remnant Old-growth Forests in the Northern Coast Range of Oregon and Comparsion to Surrounding Landscapes written by Andrew N. Gray and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Ages, diameter growth, density, tree size, and species were studied in old-growth, plantation, and young natural Douglas-fir stands in three areas in western Oregon: the western and eastern Coast Range and the western Cascades. The purpose was to compare the development of these three stand types and to determine whether plantations and young natural stands would develop old-growth structures and characteristics. The Douglas-fir age ranges in plantations (8 to 15 yr) were much narrower and than the ranges of tree ages found in the young natural (21 to 102 yr) and in the old-growth stands (300 to 354 yr). This wide range of tree ages, along with diameter growth rates and tree and stand structural characteristics, supported the hypothesis that old-growth developed at low initial stand densities. These low initial stand densities, probably the result of prolonged stand establishment, likely enabled height and crown size advantages among old and younger trees. Dominant and large codominant trees maintained live crown ratios and sustained diameter growth resulting in large stable trees indicated by low height-to-diameter ratios. The mean diameters of the dominant trees in the old-growth and the dominant trees in the young natural stands were not significantly different at age 40 and 100, indicating the young natural stands appear to be growing at the same rates as the old-growth in its first 100 years. The mean dominant diameters in the plantations and old-growth at age 40 and 100 were significantly different, indicating the plantations are growing and developing differently than young natural and old-growth forests. Plantations had grown rapidly for the first 20 to 30 years, and computer simulation indicated that a significant rapid decline in radial growth would occur between ages 30 and 55. Simulations also indicate that during this period, the mean diameters of the dominant plantation trees would fall below those of the old-growth in two of the three stands by age 85. Pre-commercial thinning 20 to 25 years ago in the plantations has helped sustain high early growth rates for a longer period of time than would have occurred if thinning had not been performed. Additional thinning in the future is likely needed to maintain rapid current rates. When simulated to age 250 both the young natural stands and the plantations maintained higher densities of smaller diameter trees than the old-growth stands. This simulation result indicates the possible inability of these stands to self-thin to the densities found in old-growth stands without some sort of density-reducing disturbance. The broad range of tree ages in the old-growth stands suggests that stand disturbances are a normal part of old-growth development on these sites. Five different plantation thinning options were also simulated to age 250, including additional options with thinning of understory trees and ingrowth. The projections indicate that when the plantations are left unthinned they would generally develop trees with small live crowns and mean diameters but still produce stable dominant overstory trees (low H:D ratios). Shade tolerant understory trees and ingrowth, such as western hemlock, are a key part of old-growth development. These trees may reduce the rate of growth and alter crown structure of the overstory trees over extended periods of time (200+ years). Additional thinning, possibly in multiple entries, in both the overstory and understory may be necessary for dense plantations to develop the tree size heterogeneity found in local old-growth forests. I also demonstrated a methodology to determine site-specific management targets or goals for creating old-growth structure from plantations. This was performed using past and current forest structure and composition information within a local landscape scale of 500 to 1000 acres, typical of the public land checkerboard ownership pattern. Stand types making up the historical landscape are identified and described retrospectively using historical and current aerial photographs and digital orthophotos, cruise records, previous studies, and sample plots of standing and harvested forests. The degree of detail provided through this methodology will likely help forest managers to define complex late-successional characteristics of stands and landscapes. My results indicate that stand and project area-specific definitions of old-growth and clearly defined goals for young stand management will facilitate development of old forest characteristics.
Book Synopsis Comparing Structure and Development of Douglas-fir Old-growth, Plantations, and Young Natural Forests in Western Oregon by : Christopher D. Dowling
Download or read book Comparing Structure and Development of Douglas-fir Old-growth, Plantations, and Young Natural Forests in Western Oregon written by Christopher D. Dowling and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ages, diameter growth, density, tree size, and species were studied in old-growth, plantation, and young natural Douglas-fir stands in three areas in western Oregon: the western and eastern Coast Range and the western Cascades. The purpose was to compare the development of these three stand types and to determine whether plantations and young natural stands would develop old-growth structures and characteristics. The Douglas-fir age ranges in plantations (8 to 15 yr) were much narrower and than the ranges of tree ages found in the young natural (21 to 102 yr) and in the old-growth stands (300 to 354 yr). This wide range of tree ages, along with diameter growth rates and tree and stand structural characteristics, supported the hypothesis that old-growth developed at low initial stand densities. These low initial stand densities, probably the result of prolonged stand establishment, likely enabled height and crown size advantages among old and younger trees. Dominant and large codominant trees maintained live crown ratios and sustained diameter growth resulting in large stable trees indicated by low height-to-diameter ratios. The mean diameters of the dominant trees in the old-growth and the dominant trees in the young natural stands were not significantly different at age 40 and 100, indicating the young natural stands appear to be growing at the same rates as the old-growth in its first 100 years. The mean dominant diameters in the plantations and old-growth at age 40 and 100 were significantly different, indicating the plantations are growing and developing differently than young natural and old-growth forests. Plantations had grown rapidly for the first 20 to 30 years, and computer simulation indicated that a significant rapid decline in radial growth would occur between ages 30 and 55. Simulations also indicate that during this period, the mean diameters of the dominant plantation trees would fall below those of the old-growth in two of the three stands by age 85. Pre-commercial thinning 20 to 25 years ago in the plantations has helped sustain high early growth rates for a longer period of time than would have occurred if thinning had not been performed. Additional thinning in the future is likely needed to maintain rapid current rates. When simulated to age 250 both the young natural stands and the plantations maintained higher densities of smaller diameter trees than the old-growth stands. This simulation result indicates the possible inability of these stands to self-thin to the densities found in old-growth stands without some sort of density-reducing disturbance. The broad range of tree ages in the old-growth stands suggests that stand disturbances are a normal part of old-growth development on these sites. Five different plantation thinning options were also simulated to age 250, including additional options with thinning of understory trees and ingrowth. The projections indicate that when the plantations are left unthinned they would generally develop trees with small live crowns and mean diameters but still produce stable dominant overstory trees (low H:D ratios). Shade tolerant understory trees and ingrowth, such as western hemlock, are a key part of old-growth development. These trees may reduce the rate of growth and alter crown structure of the overstory trees over extended periods of time (200+ years). Additional thinning, possibly in multiple entries, in both the overstory and understory may be necessary for dense plantations to develop the tree size heterogeneity found in local old-growth forests. I also demonstrated a methodology to determine site-specific management targets or goals for creating old-growth structure from plantations. This was performed using past and current forest structure and composition information within a local landscape scale of 500 to 1000 acres, typical of the public land checkerboard ownership pattern. Stand types making up the historical landscape are identified and described retrospectively using historical and current aerial photographs and digital orthophotos, cruise records, previous studies, and sample plots of standing and harvested forests. The degree of detail provided through this methodology will likely help forest managers to define complex late-successional characteristics of stands and landscapes. My results indicate that stand and project area-specific definitions of old-growth and clearly defined goals for young stand management will facilitate development of old forest characteristics.
Book Synopsis Ochoco National Forest (N.F.), Upper Beaver Vegetation Management Project by :
Download or read book Ochoco National Forest (N.F.), Upper Beaver Vegetation Management Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deschutes National Forest (N.F.), EXF Thinning, Fuels Reduction, and Research Project by :
Download or read book Deschutes National Forest (N.F.), EXF Thinning, Fuels Reduction, and Research Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
History is an invaluable source of information to understand and evaluate management influences on contemporary ecosystems and landscapes. The first two chapters (Chapters 2 and 3) explored the concept of historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and stand structure using a stochastic fire simulation model to simulate presettlement (before 1850) landscapes of the Oregon Coast Range. HRV has been defined as the bounded variability of a system within constraints imposed by larger-scale phenomena (e.g. climate, topography) and without significant modern human influence. HRV of landscapes has been proposed as a guide for biodiversity conservation in the past decade. In Chapter 2, I estimated HRV of a regional landscape and evaluated the similarity of current and alternative future landscapes under two land management scenarios to the conditions within the HRV. The simulation results indicated that historical landscapes of the region were dynamic, composed of patches of various sizes and age classes ranging from 0 to> 800 years as well as numerous small unburned island patches. The current landscape was outside the HRV. The landscape did not return to the HRV in 100 years under either scenario largely because of lack of old-growth forests and overabundance of young forests. This study showed that the HRV can provide a reference condition for concrete, quantitative evaluations of landscape conditions and alternative management scenarios if sufficient data exist for estimating HRV. Departure from HRV can serve as an indicator of landscape conditions, but results depend on scale and quantification of landscape heterogeneity. In Chapter 3, I investigated the HRV in live and dead biomass and examined variability in disturbance history and forest stand development. I calculated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The HRV of live and dead wood biomass distributions revealed that the majority of the landscape historically contained> 500 Mg/ha of live wood and 50-200 Mg/ha of dead wood. The current dead wood condition is outside HRV. There was a wide variation in dead wood biomass because of variations in disturbance history. This study suggests that natural disturbance regimes and stand development are characterized by much larger variation than is typically portrayed or appreciated. The HRV approaches to evaluating landscape conditions need to include both landscape and stand characteristics to better represent ecological differences between managed and unmanaged landscapes. In Chapter 4, I used remotely sensed data and historical vegetation data in a GIS to examine changes occurred in vegetation cover since settlement in two major valleys, the Coquille and Tillamook, in the region. I used existing historical vegetation maps of the two valleys and collected historical vegetation data from the General Land Office (GLO) survey records. I characterized current vegetation conditions using an unsupervised classification of satellite images. Historically, the Coquille Valley was dominated by hardwood trees and the Tillamook was by conifers. Valley bottoms in both areas differed in vegetation from nearby uplands. Tree-covered areas have declined substantially in both valleys as a result of agriculture and development. The historical data offered reference conditions for assessment of changes in biodiversity that have occurred in these unique habitats. This thesis illustrates the benefit of using historical landscape information for better understanding of human influence on the landscape. Historical data often have many assumptions and limitations, but ecological impacts of landscape changes on native biota can be better understood by comparisons with historical conditions.
Book Synopsis Disturbance and Landscape History as a Reference for Evaluating Forest Management Effects at a Regional Scale by : Etsuko Nonaka
Download or read book Disturbance and Landscape History as a Reference for Evaluating Forest Management Effects at a Regional Scale written by Etsuko Nonaka and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History is an invaluable source of information to understand and evaluate management influences on contemporary ecosystems and landscapes. The first two chapters (Chapters 2 and 3) explored the concept of historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and stand structure using a stochastic fire simulation model to simulate presettlement (before 1850) landscapes of the Oregon Coast Range. HRV has been defined as the bounded variability of a system within constraints imposed by larger-scale phenomena (e.g. climate, topography) and without significant modern human influence. HRV of landscapes has been proposed as a guide for biodiversity conservation in the past decade. In Chapter 2, I estimated HRV of a regional landscape and evaluated the similarity of current and alternative future landscapes under two land management scenarios to the conditions within the HRV. The simulation results indicated that historical landscapes of the region were dynamic, composed of patches of various sizes and age classes ranging from 0 to> 800 years as well as numerous small unburned island patches. The current landscape was outside the HRV. The landscape did not return to the HRV in 100 years under either scenario largely because of lack of old-growth forests and overabundance of young forests. This study showed that the HRV can provide a reference condition for concrete, quantitative evaluations of landscape conditions and alternative management scenarios if sufficient data exist for estimating HRV. Departure from HRV can serve as an indicator of landscape conditions, but results depend on scale and quantification of landscape heterogeneity. In Chapter 3, I investigated the HRV in live and dead biomass and examined variability in disturbance history and forest stand development. I calculated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The HRV of live and dead wood biomass distributions revealed that the majority of the landscape historically contained> 500 Mg/ha of live wood and 50-200 Mg/ha of dead wood. The current dead wood condition is outside HRV. There was a wide variation in dead wood biomass because of variations in disturbance history. This study suggests that natural disturbance regimes and stand development are characterized by much larger variation than is typically portrayed or appreciated. The HRV approaches to evaluating landscape conditions need to include both landscape and stand characteristics to better represent ecological differences between managed and unmanaged landscapes. In Chapter 4, I used remotely sensed data and historical vegetation data in a GIS to examine changes occurred in vegetation cover since settlement in two major valleys, the Coquille and Tillamook, in the region. I used existing historical vegetation maps of the two valleys and collected historical vegetation data from the General Land Office (GLO) survey records. I characterized current vegetation conditions using an unsupervised classification of satellite images. Historically, the Coquille Valley was dominated by hardwood trees and the Tillamook was by conifers. Valley bottoms in both areas differed in vegetation from nearby uplands. Tree-covered areas have declined substantially in both valleys as a result of agriculture and development. The historical data offered reference conditions for assessment of changes in biodiversity that have occurred in these unique habitats. This thesis illustrates the benefit of using historical landscape information for better understanding of human influence on the landscape. Historical data often have many assumptions and limitations, but ecological impacts of landscape changes on native biota can be better understood by comparisons with historical conditions.
This major volume presents a wealth of fundamental and applied research on managing Coast Range forest and stream ecosystems. Written primarily for managers and resource specialists, the book will also appeal to policymakers, resource scientists, forest landowners, the conservation community, and students interested in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife sciences.
Book Synopsis Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range by : Stephen D. Hobbs
Download or read book Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range written by Stephen D. Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major volume presents a wealth of fundamental and applied research on managing Coast Range forest and stream ecosystems. Written primarily for managers and resource specialists, the book will also appeal to policymakers, resource scientists, forest landowners, the conservation community, and students interested in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife sciences.
Book Synopsis Ecological Characteristics of Forested Watersheds Along the Central Oregon Coast by : Matthew Sidney Kimble
Download or read book Ecological Characteristics of Forested Watersheds Along the Central Oregon Coast written by Matthew Sidney Kimble and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
