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MicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance. Beside tissue microRNAs, they are also found in body fluids, most notably in blood. Significant differences of circulating microRNA levels have been found in various diseases, making them candidates for minimally invasive markers of disease, for example tumor malignancy. The book focuses on the potential diagnostic applicability of circulating microRNAs in various diseases and their potential biological significance.
Book Synopsis Circulating microRNAs in Disease Diagnostics and their Potential Biological Relevance by : Peter Igaz
Download or read book Circulating microRNAs in Disease Diagnostics and their Potential Biological Relevance written by Peter Igaz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance. Beside tissue microRNAs, they are also found in body fluids, most notably in blood. Significant differences of circulating microRNA levels have been found in various diseases, making them candidates for minimally invasive markers of disease, for example tumor malignancy. The book focuses on the potential diagnostic applicability of circulating microRNAs in various diseases and their potential biological significance.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Book Synopsis Circulating MicroRNAs by : Nobuyoshi Kosaka
Download or read book Circulating MicroRNAs written by Nobuyoshi Kosaka and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
Book Synopsis Non-coding RNAs and Cancer by : Muller Fabbri
Download or read book Non-coding RNAs and Cancer written by Muller Fabbri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
This volume explores microRNA function in a wide array of human disorders, providing a clinical basis for precision medicine and personalized therapies using these molecules. The twenty-one chapters, all authored by internationally-renowned experts, open with an introduction contextualizing microRNA manipulation within today’s initiatives towards precision medicine. The following chapters explore the clinical role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, focusing on mitochondrial fitness, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation. The subsequent chapters discuss the importance of microRNAs in the wound healing process and in skin disease, in the pathogenesis of allergy, in human ovulation, and in infection. The book concludes with chapters which outline the emerging role of microRNAS in doping and detail microRNA profiling. microRNA: Medical Evidence is an ideal companion to both microRNA: Basic Scienceand microRNA: Cancer. Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice.
Book Synopsis microRNA: Medical Evidence by : Gaetano Santulli
Download or read book microRNA: Medical Evidence written by Gaetano Santulli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores microRNA function in a wide array of human disorders, providing a clinical basis for precision medicine and personalized therapies using these molecules. The twenty-one chapters, all authored by internationally-renowned experts, open with an introduction contextualizing microRNA manipulation within today’s initiatives towards precision medicine. The following chapters explore the clinical role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, focusing on mitochondrial fitness, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation. The subsequent chapters discuss the importance of microRNAs in the wound healing process and in skin disease, in the pathogenesis of allergy, in human ovulation, and in infection. The book concludes with chapters which outline the emerging role of microRNAS in doping and detail microRNA profiling. microRNA: Medical Evidence is an ideal companion to both microRNA: Basic Scienceand microRNA: Cancer. Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice.
MicroRNAs in Medicine provides an access point into the current literature on microRNA for both scientists and clinicians, with an up-to-date look at what is happening in the emerging field of microRNAs and their relevance to medicine. Each chapter is a comprehensive review, with descriptions of the latest microRNA research written by international leaders in their field. Opening with an introduction to what microRNAs are and how they function, the book goes on to explore the role of microRNAs in normal physiological functions, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, cancer, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, and finally their potential as novel therapeutics. Including background information on the field as well as reviews of the latest research breakthroughs, MicroRNAs in Medicine is a one-stop source of information to satisfy the specialists and non-specialists alike, appealing to students, researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding the potential of microRNAs in medicine and research.
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Medicine by : Charles H. Lawrie
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Medicine written by Charles H. Lawrie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs in Medicine provides an access point into the current literature on microRNA for both scientists and clinicians, with an up-to-date look at what is happening in the emerging field of microRNAs and their relevance to medicine. Each chapter is a comprehensive review, with descriptions of the latest microRNA research written by international leaders in their field. Opening with an introduction to what microRNAs are and how they function, the book goes on to explore the role of microRNAs in normal physiological functions, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, cancer, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, and finally their potential as novel therapeutics. Including background information on the field as well as reviews of the latest research breakthroughs, MicroRNAs in Medicine is a one-stop source of information to satisfy the specialists and non-specialists alike, appealing to students, researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding the potential of microRNAs in medicine and research.
During the past decade it has become evident that microRNAs regulate gene expressions and control many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs play an important role in toxicogenomics and are likely to play an important role in a range of human diseases including cancer. microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is a comprehensive and authoritative compilation of up-to-date developments in this emerging research area, presented by internationally recognized investigators. It focuses on the role of microRNA in biology and medicine with a special emphasis on toxicology. Divided into six parts, topics covered include: microRNA and toxicology – including environmental toxicants and perturbation of miRNA signaling; microRNA, and Disease States featuring microRNAs in drug-induced liver toxicity, microRNAs and Inflammation the regulatory role of microRNA in mutagenesis, microRNAs and cancer, and the role of microRNAs in tumor progression and therapy, as well as current understanding of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancer microRNAs and disease states microRNAs and stem cells microRNAs and genomics microRNAs and epigenomics microRNAs and biomarkers – including body fluid microRNAs as toxicological biomarkers, cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers in human diseases, and circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of drug-induced pancreatitis microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is an essential insight into the current trends and future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field for investigators, toxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators in academia, medical settings, industry, and government.
Book Synopsis microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine by : Saura C. Sahu
Download or read book microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine written by Saura C. Sahu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade it has become evident that microRNAs regulate gene expressions and control many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs play an important role in toxicogenomics and are likely to play an important role in a range of human diseases including cancer. microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is a comprehensive and authoritative compilation of up-to-date developments in this emerging research area, presented by internationally recognized investigators. It focuses on the role of microRNA in biology and medicine with a special emphasis on toxicology. Divided into six parts, topics covered include: microRNA and toxicology – including environmental toxicants and perturbation of miRNA signaling; microRNA, and Disease States featuring microRNAs in drug-induced liver toxicity, microRNAs and Inflammation the regulatory role of microRNA in mutagenesis, microRNAs and cancer, and the role of microRNAs in tumor progression and therapy, as well as current understanding of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancer microRNAs and disease states microRNAs and stem cells microRNAs and genomics microRNAs and epigenomics microRNAs and biomarkers – including body fluid microRNAs as toxicological biomarkers, cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers in human diseases, and circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of drug-induced pancreatitis microRNAs in Toxicology and Medicine is an essential insight into the current trends and future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field for investigators, toxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators in academia, medical settings, industry, and government.
This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.
Book Synopsis Systems Biology of MicroRNAs in Cancer by : Ulf Schmitz
Download or read book Systems Biology of MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Ulf Schmitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.
This second edition provides updated and comprehensive methods on miRNA biogenesis and their role in the development and progression of various human diseases. Chapters detail miRNA biogenesis, isolating RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating miRNAs, analyzing miRNA and miRDeep-P2, protocols for total RNA isolation from cells, cell-derived products, isolation and characterization of exosomes, serum, plasma specimens, and software tools. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, MicroRNA Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to provide comprehensive and accessible methods to undergraduate, graduate, and established scientist.
Book Synopsis MicroRNA Profiling by : Sweta Rani
Download or read book MicroRNA Profiling written by Sweta Rani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides updated and comprehensive methods on miRNA biogenesis and their role in the development and progression of various human diseases. Chapters detail miRNA biogenesis, isolating RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating miRNAs, analyzing miRNA and miRDeep-P2, protocols for total RNA isolation from cells, cell-derived products, isolation and characterization of exosomes, serum, plasma specimens, and software tools. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, MicroRNA Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to provide comprehensive and accessible methods to undergraduate, graduate, and established scientist.
This doctorate thesis provides an insight into the biology and dynamics of circulating microRNAs, demonstrating their potential to become crucial biomarkers for a better surveillance and prognosis of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 19-25 nt long, with a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, repressing the translation of target mRNAs through partial base-pair complementarity with their 3'-UTR. They can be released in the extracellular medium, being protected from RNases by association with various transporters and reach body fluids and circulation, participating in intercellular communication. Their remarkable stability and manageable diversity in circulation, as well as the fact that they derive from both malignant and normal cells make them very attractive biomarker candidates, potentially reflecting tumor state and dynamics. We have been focusing on ovarian (OvCa) and nasopharyngeal (NPC) carcinomas, attempting to elucidate the relation between plasma miRNAs and the prognosis of OvCa after first-line treatment, as well as to evaluate their use in the detection of early response of NPC tumors to treatment. Serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent ovarian and the most aggressive gynecologic malignancy. The absence of early symptoms and the insufficiency of modern means to accurately map residual disease and assess treatment outcome highlight the need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Using sequential plasma samples from OvCa patients before and after first-line treatment, we studied a pre-selection of miRNAs, comparing them to samples from benign pelvic lesions and healthy women. MiR-200b exhibited a distinct higher concentration in malignant samples before treatment compared to both non-cancerous groups. Pre- and post-treatment assessment of miR-200b in parallel with the standard biomarker CA125 revealed distinct variations and a significant correlation of miR-200b variation with the progression-free survival (PFS) of the patient. We suggest that miR-200b could eventually be used as a supplementary biomarker for estimation of the remission upon treatment completion. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) on the other hand is a tumor consistently associated to latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of the malignant cells, presenting a unique geographical incidence pattern. The deep position of the tumor makes it tough to access surgically, with biomarkers assessing different therapeutic approaches being greatly needed. Studying a new oral form of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine, proven to be promising for one third of NPC patients receiving it as a monodrug, we attempted to identify impact of the drug on the expression of viral miRNAs and proteins. Despite the latent viral infection, viral miRNAs are abundantly expressed, attracting interest in EBV-associated malignancies. Treating four in vivo developed NPC tumor models for two weeks, we observed clear response in two of them, in a dose-dependent manner. Protein analysis showed an induction of the immediate-early lytic protein BZLF1, solidifying previous evidence of partial activation of the viral lytic cycle by 5-azacytidine. MiRNA analysis confirmed robust expression of BART and absence of BHRF1 miRNAs at baseline status of NPC. Upon treatment, we observed an induction of BHRF1 miRNAs in both tumor and plasma of treated mice. This induction was successfully validated in a following one-week treatment and completed by a recorder de novo expression of the BHRF1 mRNA, transcribed within the BHRF1 miRNA loci. A weaker induction of BHRF1 miRNAs was also recorded after treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a potential clinical utility of these miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for detection of early response to treatment. We are further working to confirm this induction by chemotherapy and extend our study to plasma samples derived from treated patients.
Book Synopsis Circulating MicroRNAs Associated to Solid Tumors by : Nikiforos Ioannis Kapetanakis
Download or read book Circulating MicroRNAs Associated to Solid Tumors written by Nikiforos Ioannis Kapetanakis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This doctorate thesis provides an insight into the biology and dynamics of circulating microRNAs, demonstrating their potential to become crucial biomarkers for a better surveillance and prognosis of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 19-25 nt long, with a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, repressing the translation of target mRNAs through partial base-pair complementarity with their 3'-UTR. They can be released in the extracellular medium, being protected from RNases by association with various transporters and reach body fluids and circulation, participating in intercellular communication. Their remarkable stability and manageable diversity in circulation, as well as the fact that they derive from both malignant and normal cells make them very attractive biomarker candidates, potentially reflecting tumor state and dynamics. We have been focusing on ovarian (OvCa) and nasopharyngeal (NPC) carcinomas, attempting to elucidate the relation between plasma miRNAs and the prognosis of OvCa after first-line treatment, as well as to evaluate their use in the detection of early response of NPC tumors to treatment. Serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent ovarian and the most aggressive gynecologic malignancy. The absence of early symptoms and the insufficiency of modern means to accurately map residual disease and assess treatment outcome highlight the need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Using sequential plasma samples from OvCa patients before and after first-line treatment, we studied a pre-selection of miRNAs, comparing them to samples from benign pelvic lesions and healthy women. MiR-200b exhibited a distinct higher concentration in malignant samples before treatment compared to both non-cancerous groups. Pre- and post-treatment assessment of miR-200b in parallel with the standard biomarker CA125 revealed distinct variations and a significant correlation of miR-200b variation with the progression-free survival (PFS) of the patient. We suggest that miR-200b could eventually be used as a supplementary biomarker for estimation of the remission upon treatment completion. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) on the other hand is a tumor consistently associated to latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of the malignant cells, presenting a unique geographical incidence pattern. The deep position of the tumor makes it tough to access surgically, with biomarkers assessing different therapeutic approaches being greatly needed. Studying a new oral form of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine, proven to be promising for one third of NPC patients receiving it as a monodrug, we attempted to identify impact of the drug on the expression of viral miRNAs and proteins. Despite the latent viral infection, viral miRNAs are abundantly expressed, attracting interest in EBV-associated malignancies. Treating four in vivo developed NPC tumor models for two weeks, we observed clear response in two of them, in a dose-dependent manner. Protein analysis showed an induction of the immediate-early lytic protein BZLF1, solidifying previous evidence of partial activation of the viral lytic cycle by 5-azacytidine. MiRNA analysis confirmed robust expression of BART and absence of BHRF1 miRNAs at baseline status of NPC. Upon treatment, we observed an induction of BHRF1 miRNAs in both tumor and plasma of treated mice. This induction was successfully validated in a following one-week treatment and completed by a recorder de novo expression of the BHRF1 mRNA, transcribed within the BHRF1 miRNA loci. A weaker induction of BHRF1 miRNAs was also recorded after treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a potential clinical utility of these miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for detection of early response to treatment. We are further working to confirm this induction by chemotherapy and extend our study to plasma samples derived from treated patients.
From pathology to treatment, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders highlights the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurological disease, endocrine disease and autoimmune disease, and underscores the utilization of miRNA targets in the treatment of these conditions. Providing a comprehensive account, this book also includes the identification of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease, as well as evaluates translational value from clinical trials using synthesized and functionalized miRNA mimics and inhibitors. With a global contribution list and chapters from leading experts across the field, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders is an invaluable reference to miRNA researchers and health professionals in a variety of disease areas in government, academia and industry. The book will also appeal to pharmaceutical and medicinal chemists with an interest in miRNA targeting therapeutics, as well as to advanced students in chemical biology and drug discovery.
Book Synopsis MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders: Emerging Therapeutic Targets by : Philip V Peplow
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders: Emerging Therapeutic Targets written by Philip V Peplow and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From pathology to treatment, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders highlights the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurological disease, endocrine disease and autoimmune disease, and underscores the utilization of miRNA targets in the treatment of these conditions. Providing a comprehensive account, this book also includes the identification of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease, as well as evaluates translational value from clinical trials using synthesized and functionalized miRNA mimics and inhibitors. With a global contribution list and chapters from leading experts across the field, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders is an invaluable reference to miRNA researchers and health professionals in a variety of disease areas in government, academia and industry. The book will also appeal to pharmaceutical and medicinal chemists with an interest in miRNA targeting therapeutics, as well as to advanced students in chemical biology and drug discovery.
