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Code Optimization Techniques for Embedded Processors

Author: Rainer Leupers

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 1475731698

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The building blocks of today's and future embedded systems are complex intellectual property components, or cores, many of which are programmable processors. Traditionally, these embedded processors mostly have been pro grammed in assembly languages due to efficiency reasons. This implies time consuming programming, extensive debugging, and low code portability. The requirements of short time-to-market and dependability of embedded systems are obviously much better met by using high-level language (e.g. C) compil ers instead of assembly. However, the use of C compilers frequently incurs a code quality overhead as compared to manually written assembly programs. Due to the need for efficient embedded systems, this overhead must be very low in order to make compilers useful in practice. In turn, this requires new compiler techniques that take the specific constraints in embedded system de sign into account. An example are the specialized architectures of recent DSP and multimedia processors, which are not yet sufficiently exploited by existing compilers.

Book Synopsis Code Optimization Techniques for Embedded Processors by : Rainer Leupers

Download or read book Code Optimization Techniques for Embedded Processors written by Rainer Leupers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The building blocks of today's and future embedded systems are complex intellectual property components, or cores, many of which are programmable processors. Traditionally, these embedded processors mostly have been pro grammed in assembly languages due to efficiency reasons. This implies time consuming programming, extensive debugging, and low code portability. The requirements of short time-to-market and dependability of embedded systems are obviously much better met by using high-level language (e.g. C) compil ers instead of assembly. However, the use of C compilers frequently incurs a code quality overhead as compared to manually written assembly programs. Due to the need for efficient embedded systems, this overhead must be very low in order to make compilers useful in practice. In turn, this requires new compiler techniques that take the specific constraints in embedded system de sign into account. An example are the specialized architectures of recent DSP and multimedia processors, which are not yet sufficiently exploited by existing compilers.

Source Code Optimization Techniques for Data Flow Dominated Embedded Software

Author: Heiko Falk

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-19

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 1402028296

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This book focuses on source-to-source code transformations that remove addressing-related overhead present in most multimedia or signal processing application programs. This approach is complementary to existing compiler technology. What is particularly attractive about the transformation flow pre sented here is that its behavior is nearly independent of the target processor platform and the underlying compiler. Hence, the different source code trans formations developed here lead to impressive performance improvements on most existing processor architecture styles, ranging from RISCs like ARM7 or MIPS over Superscalars like Intel-Pentium, PowerPC, DEC-Alpha, Sun and HP, to VLIW DSPs like TI C6x and Philips TriMedia. The source code did not have to be modified between processors to obtain these results. Apart from the performance improvements, the estimated energy is also significantly reduced for a given application run. These results were not obtained for academic codes but for realistic and rep resentative applications, all selected from the multimedia domain. That shows the industrial relevance and importance of this research. At the same time, the scientific novelty and quality of the contributions have lead to several excellent papers that have been published in internationally renowned conferences like e. g. DATE. This book is hence of interest for academic researchers, both because of the overall description of the methodology and related work context and for the detailed descriptions of the compilation techniques and algorithms.

Book Synopsis Source Code Optimization Techniques for Data Flow Dominated Embedded Software by : Heiko Falk

Download or read book Source Code Optimization Techniques for Data Flow Dominated Embedded Software written by Heiko Falk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on source-to-source code transformations that remove addressing-related overhead present in most multimedia or signal processing application programs. This approach is complementary to existing compiler technology. What is particularly attractive about the transformation flow pre sented here is that its behavior is nearly independent of the target processor platform and the underlying compiler. Hence, the different source code trans formations developed here lead to impressive performance improvements on most existing processor architecture styles, ranging from RISCs like ARM7 or MIPS over Superscalars like Intel-Pentium, PowerPC, DEC-Alpha, Sun and HP, to VLIW DSPs like TI C6x and Philips TriMedia. The source code did not have to be modified between processors to obtain these results. Apart from the performance improvements, the estimated energy is also significantly reduced for a given application run. These results were not obtained for academic codes but for realistic and rep resentative applications, all selected from the multimedia domain. That shows the industrial relevance and importance of this research. At the same time, the scientific novelty and quality of the contributions have lead to several excellent papers that have been published in internationally renowned conferences like e. g. DATE. This book is hence of interest for academic researchers, both because of the overall description of the methodology and related work context and for the detailed descriptions of the compilation techniques and algorithms.

Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Embedded Processors

Author: Manish Verma

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-06-20

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 1402058977

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This book proposes novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of memory hierarchies. It presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices.

Book Synopsis Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Embedded Processors by : Manish Verma

Download or read book Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Embedded Processors written by Manish Verma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of memory hierarchies. It presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices.

Software Engineering for Embedded Systems

Author: Robert Oshana

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-04-01

Total Pages: 1200

ISBN-13: 0128072431

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Code optimization is a critical step in the development process as it directly impacts the ability of the system to do its intended job. Code that executes faster means more channels, more work performed and competitive advantage. Code that executes in less memory enables more application features to fit into the cell phone. Code that executes with less overall power consumption increases battery life or reduces money spent on powering a base station. This chapter is intended to help programmers write the most efficient code possible, whether that is measured in processor cycles, memory, or power. It starts with an introduction to using the tool chain, covers the importance of knowing the embedded architecture before optimization, then moves on to cover a wide range of optimization techniques. Techniques are presented which are valid on all programmable architectures – C-language optimization techniques and general loop transformations. Real-world examples are presented throughout.

Book Synopsis Software Engineering for Embedded Systems by : Robert Oshana

Download or read book Software Engineering for Embedded Systems written by Robert Oshana and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code optimization is a critical step in the development process as it directly impacts the ability of the system to do its intended job. Code that executes faster means more channels, more work performed and competitive advantage. Code that executes in less memory enables more application features to fit into the cell phone. Code that executes with less overall power consumption increases battery life or reduces money spent on powering a base station. This chapter is intended to help programmers write the most efficient code possible, whether that is measured in processor cycles, memory, or power. It starts with an introduction to using the tool chain, covers the importance of knowing the embedded architecture before optimization, then moves on to cover a wide range of optimization techniques. Techniques are presented which are valid on all programmable architectures – C-language optimization techniques and general loop transformations. Real-world examples are presented throughout.

Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems

Author: Paul Lokuciejewski

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-24

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 9048199298

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For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives. Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.

Book Synopsis Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems by : Paul Lokuciejewski

Download or read book Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems written by Paul Lokuciejewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives. Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.

Code Generation for Embedded Processors

Author: Peter Marwedel

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1461523230

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Modern electronics is driven by the explosive growth of digital communications and multi-media technology. A basic challenge is to design first-time-right complex digital systems, that meet stringent constraints on performance and power dissipation. In order to combine this growing system complexity with an increasingly short time-to-market, new system design technologies are emerging based on the paradigm of embedded programmable processors. This concept introduces modularity, flexibility and re-use in the electronic system design process. However, its success will critically depend on the availability of efficient and reliable CAD tools to design, programme and verify the functionality of embedded processors. Recently, new research efforts emerged on the edge between software compilation and hardware synthesis, to develop high-quality code generation tools for embedded processors. Code Generation for Embedded Systems provides a survey of these new developments. Although not limited to these targets, the main emphasis is on code generation for modern DSP processors. Important themes covered by the book include: the scope of general purpose versus application-specific processors, machine code quality for embedded applications, retargetability of the code generation process, machine description formalisms, and code generation methodologies. Code Generation for Embedded Systems is the essential introduction to this fast developing field of research for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

Book Synopsis Code Generation for Embedded Processors by : Peter Marwedel

Download or read book Code Generation for Embedded Processors written by Peter Marwedel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern electronics is driven by the explosive growth of digital communications and multi-media technology. A basic challenge is to design first-time-right complex digital systems, that meet stringent constraints on performance and power dissipation. In order to combine this growing system complexity with an increasingly short time-to-market, new system design technologies are emerging based on the paradigm of embedded programmable processors. This concept introduces modularity, flexibility and re-use in the electronic system design process. However, its success will critically depend on the availability of efficient and reliable CAD tools to design, programme and verify the functionality of embedded processors. Recently, new research efforts emerged on the edge between software compilation and hardware synthesis, to develop high-quality code generation tools for embedded processors. Code Generation for Embedded Systems provides a survey of these new developments. Although not limited to these targets, the main emphasis is on code generation for modern DSP processors. Important themes covered by the book include: the scope of general purpose versus application-specific processors, machine code quality for embedded applications, retargetability of the code generation process, machine description formalisms, and code generation methodologies. Code Generation for Embedded Systems is the essential introduction to this fast developing field of research for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

Customizable Embedded Processors

Author: Paolo Ienne

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2006-08-30

Total Pages: 528

ISBN-13: 0080490980

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Customizable processors have been described as the next natural step in the evolution of the microprocessor business: a step in the life of a new technology where top performance alone is no longer sufficient to guarantee market success. Other factors become fundamental, such as time to market, convenience, energy efficiency, and ease of customization. This book is the first to explore comprehensively one of the most fundamental trends which emerged in the last decade: to treat processors not as rigid, fixed entities, which designers include “as is in their products; but rather, to build sound methodologies to tailor-fit processors to the specific needs of such products. This book addresses the goal of maintaining a very large family of processors, with a wide range of features, at a cost comparable to that of maintaining a single processor. First book to present comprehensively the major ASIP design methodologies and tools without any particular bias Written by most of the pioneers and top international experts of this young domain Unique mix of management perspective, technical detail, research outlook, and practical implementation

Book Synopsis Customizable Embedded Processors by : Paolo Ienne

Download or read book Customizable Embedded Processors written by Paolo Ienne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Customizable processors have been described as the next natural step in the evolution of the microprocessor business: a step in the life of a new technology where top performance alone is no longer sufficient to guarantee market success. Other factors become fundamental, such as time to market, convenience, energy efficiency, and ease of customization. This book is the first to explore comprehensively one of the most fundamental trends which emerged in the last decade: to treat processors not as rigid, fixed entities, which designers include “as is in their products; but rather, to build sound methodologies to tailor-fit processors to the specific needs of such products. This book addresses the goal of maintaining a very large family of processors, with a wide range of features, at a cost comparable to that of maintaining a single processor. First book to present comprehensively the major ASIP design methodologies and tools without any particular bias Written by most of the pioneers and top international experts of this young domain Unique mix of management perspective, technical detail, research outlook, and practical implementation

Code Generation for Embedded Processors

Author: Peter Marwedel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-11-13

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781461359838

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Book Synopsis Code Generation for Embedded Processors by : Peter Marwedel

Download or read book Code Generation for Embedded Processors written by Peter Marwedel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern electronics is driven by the explosive growth of digital communications and multi-media technology. A basic challenge is to design first-time-right complex digital systems, that meet stringent constraints on performance and power dissipation. In order to combine this growing system complexity with an increasingly short time-to-market, new system design technologies are emerging based on the paradigm of embedded programmable processors. This concept introduces modularity, flexibility and re-use in the electronic system design process. However, its success will critically depend on the availability of efficient and reliable CAD tools to design, programme and verify the functionality of embedded processors. Recently, new research efforts emerged on the edge between software compilation and hardware synthesis, to develop high-quality code generation tools for embedded processors. Code Generation for Embedded Systems provides a survey of these new developments. Although not limited to these targets, the main emphasis is on code generation for modern DSP processors. Important themes covered by the book include: the scope of general purpose versus application-specific processors, machine code quality for embedded applications, retargetability of the code generation process, machine description formalisms, and code generation methodologies. Code Generation for Embedded Systems is the essential introduction to this fast developing field of research for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

Software Development for Embedded Multi-core Systems

Author: Max Domeika

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2011-04-08

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 9780080558585

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The multicore revolution has reached the deployment stage in embedded systems ranging from small ultramobile devices to large telecommunication servers. The transition from single to multicore processors, motivated by the need to increase performance while conserving power, has placed great responsibility on the shoulders of software engineers. In this new embedded multicore era, the toughest task is the development of code to support more sophisticated systems. This book provides embedded engineers with solid grounding in the skills required to develop software targeting multicore processors. Within the text, the author undertakes an in-depth exploration of performance analysis, and a close-up look at the tools of the trade. Both general multicore design principles and processor-specific optimization techniques are revealed. Detailed coverage of critical issues for multicore employment within embedded systems is provided, including the Threading Development Cycle, with discussions of analysis, design, development, debugging, and performance tuning of threaded applications. Software development techniques engendering optimal mobility and energy efficiency are highlighted through multiple case studies, which provide practical “how-to advice on implementing the latest multicore processors. Finally, future trends are discussed, including terascale, speculative multithreading, transactional memory, interconnects, and the software-specific implications of these looming architectural developments. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 – Basic System and Processor Architecture Chapter 3 – Multi-core Processors & Embedded Chapter 4 –Moving To Multi-core Intel Architecture Chapter 5 – Scalar Optimization & Usability Chapter 6 – Parallel Optimization Using Threads Chapter 7 - Case Study: Data Decomposition Chapter 8 - Case Study: Functional Decomposition Chapter 9 – Virtualization & Partitioning Chapter 10 – Getting Ready For Low Power Intel Architecture Chapter 11 - Summary, Trends, and Conclusions Appendix I Glossary References *This is the only book to explain software optimization for embedded multi-core systems *Helpful tips, tricks and design secrets from an Intel programming expert, with detailed examples using the popular X86 architecture *Covers hot topics, including ultramobile devices, low-power designs, Pthreads vs. OpenMP, and heterogeneous cores

Book Synopsis Software Development for Embedded Multi-core Systems by : Max Domeika

Download or read book Software Development for Embedded Multi-core Systems written by Max Domeika and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multicore revolution has reached the deployment stage in embedded systems ranging from small ultramobile devices to large telecommunication servers. The transition from single to multicore processors, motivated by the need to increase performance while conserving power, has placed great responsibility on the shoulders of software engineers. In this new embedded multicore era, the toughest task is the development of code to support more sophisticated systems. This book provides embedded engineers with solid grounding in the skills required to develop software targeting multicore processors. Within the text, the author undertakes an in-depth exploration of performance analysis, and a close-up look at the tools of the trade. Both general multicore design principles and processor-specific optimization techniques are revealed. Detailed coverage of critical issues for multicore employment within embedded systems is provided, including the Threading Development Cycle, with discussions of analysis, design, development, debugging, and performance tuning of threaded applications. Software development techniques engendering optimal mobility and energy efficiency are highlighted through multiple case studies, which provide practical “how-to advice on implementing the latest multicore processors. Finally, future trends are discussed, including terascale, speculative multithreading, transactional memory, interconnects, and the software-specific implications of these looming architectural developments. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 – Basic System and Processor Architecture Chapter 3 – Multi-core Processors & Embedded Chapter 4 –Moving To Multi-core Intel Architecture Chapter 5 – Scalar Optimization & Usability Chapter 6 – Parallel Optimization Using Threads Chapter 7 - Case Study: Data Decomposition Chapter 8 - Case Study: Functional Decomposition Chapter 9 – Virtualization & Partitioning Chapter 10 – Getting Ready For Low Power Intel Architecture Chapter 11 - Summary, Trends, and Conclusions Appendix I Glossary References *This is the only book to explain software optimization for embedded multi-core systems *Helpful tips, tricks and design secrets from an Intel programming expert, with detailed examples using the popular X86 architecture *Covers hot topics, including ultramobile devices, low-power designs, Pthreads vs. OpenMP, and heterogeneous cores

Embedded Systems

Author: Jason D. Bakos

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-10-28

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 0323903029

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Embedded Systems: ARM Programming and Optimization combines an exploration of the ARM architecture with an examination of the facilities offered by the Linux operating system to explain how various features of program design can influence processor performance. It demonstrates methods by which a programmer can optimize program code in a way that does not impact its behavior but improves its performance. Several applications, including image transformations, fractal generation, image convolution, computer vision tasks, and now machine learning, are used to describe and demonstrate these methods. From this, the reader will gain insight into computer architecture and application design, as well as gain practical knowledge in embedded software design for modern embedded systems. The second edition has been expanded to include more topics of interest to upper level undergraduate courses in embedded systems. Covers three ARM instruction set architectures, the ARMv6 and ARMv7-A, as well as three ARM cores, the ARM11 on the Raspberry Pi, Cortex-A9 on the Xilinx Zynq 7020, and Cortex-A15 on the NVIDIA Tegra K1 Describes how to fully leverage the facilities offered by the Linux operating system, including the Linux GCC compiler toolchain and debug tools, performance monitoring support, OpenMP multicore runtime environment, video frame buffer, and video capture capabilities Designed to accompany and work with most low-cost Linux/ARM embedded development boards currently available Expanded to include coverage of topics such as bus architectures, low-power programming, and sensor interfacing Includes practical application areas such as machine learning

Book Synopsis Embedded Systems by : Jason D. Bakos

Download or read book Embedded Systems written by Jason D. Bakos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-28 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embedded Systems: ARM Programming and Optimization combines an exploration of the ARM architecture with an examination of the facilities offered by the Linux operating system to explain how various features of program design can influence processor performance. It demonstrates methods by which a programmer can optimize program code in a way that does not impact its behavior but improves its performance. Several applications, including image transformations, fractal generation, image convolution, computer vision tasks, and now machine learning, are used to describe and demonstrate these methods. From this, the reader will gain insight into computer architecture and application design, as well as gain practical knowledge in embedded software design for modern embedded systems. The second edition has been expanded to include more topics of interest to upper level undergraduate courses in embedded systems. Covers three ARM instruction set architectures, the ARMv6 and ARMv7-A, as well as three ARM cores, the ARM11 on the Raspberry Pi, Cortex-A9 on the Xilinx Zynq 7020, and Cortex-A15 on the NVIDIA Tegra K1 Describes how to fully leverage the facilities offered by the Linux operating system, including the Linux GCC compiler toolchain and debug tools, performance monitoring support, OpenMP multicore runtime environment, video frame buffer, and video capture capabilities Designed to accompany and work with most low-cost Linux/ARM embedded development boards currently available Expanded to include coverage of topics such as bus architectures, low-power programming, and sensor interfacing Includes practical application areas such as machine learning