Consciences and the Reformation

Consciences and the Reformation

Author: Timothy R. Scheuers

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 0197692141

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"We see Calvin most clearly - as a person and as a theologian - against the backdrop of his late medieval context. Older portrayals of Calvin as a father of modern doctrinal systems - popularized in early nineteenth- and twentieth-century accounts of the reformer's life and thought - have been soundly rebuffed, and for good reason. Calvin was, as a point of fact, thoroughly unaware of certain dogmatic patterns that we now recognize as being "modern." He was no more the father of modern critical exegesis than he was the original visionary of modern liberal democratic societies. That is to say, Calvin could not have considered himself a forerunner of something that lay entirely outside his historical purview. Likewise, the young Calvin was, in most respects, a man of his times. And his times were driven by the effort to promulgate and practice the authoritative teachings of the medieval Christian Church. Moreover, Calvin did not utterly disown the intellectual inheritance of his youth following his conversion to the evangelical religion in the early 1530s. Later in life, as a seasoned reformer of the church, Calvin continued to apply with great fervency many of the legal principles and theological methods he had acquired at an early age while studying in Paris, Orléans, and Bourges, albeit with an ever-critical eye toward the need for church reform"--


Book Synopsis Consciences and the Reformation by : Timothy R. Scheuers

Download or read book Consciences and the Reformation written by Timothy R. Scheuers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We see Calvin most clearly - as a person and as a theologian - against the backdrop of his late medieval context. Older portrayals of Calvin as a father of modern doctrinal systems - popularized in early nineteenth- and twentieth-century accounts of the reformer's life and thought - have been soundly rebuffed, and for good reason. Calvin was, as a point of fact, thoroughly unaware of certain dogmatic patterns that we now recognize as being "modern." He was no more the father of modern critical exegesis than he was the original visionary of modern liberal democratic societies. That is to say, Calvin could not have considered himself a forerunner of something that lay entirely outside his historical purview. Likewise, the young Calvin was, in most respects, a man of his times. And his times were driven by the effort to promulgate and practice the authoritative teachings of the medieval Christian Church. Moreover, Calvin did not utterly disown the intellectual inheritance of his youth following his conversion to the evangelical religion in the early 1530s. Later in life, as a seasoned reformer of the church, Calvin continued to apply with great fervency many of the legal principles and theological methods he had acquired at an early age while studying in Paris, Orléans, and Bourges, albeit with an ever-critical eye toward the need for church reform"--


The Reformation of the Keys

The Reformation of the Keys

Author: Ronald K. RITTGERS

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2009-06-30

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 0674042794

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The Catholic Church's claims to spiritual and temporal authority rest on Jesus' promise in the gospels to give Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven. In the sixteenth century, leaders of the German Reformation sought a fundamental transformation of this "power of the keys" as part of their efforts to rid Church and society of alleged clerical abuses. Central to this transformation was a thoroughgoing reform of private confession. Unlike other Protestants, Lutherans chose not to abolish private confession but to change it to suit their theological convictions and social needs. In a fascinating examination of this new religious practice, Ronald Rittgers traces the development of Lutheran private confession, demonstrating how it consistently balanced competing concerns for spiritual freedom and moral discipline. The reformation of private confession was part of a much larger reformation of the power of the keys that had profound implications for the use of religious authority in sixteenth-century Germany. As the first full-length study of the role of Lutheran private confession in the German Reformation, this book is a welcome contribution to early modern European and religious history. Table of Contents: List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Allegiance to the Regnum 2. Between Hope and Fear 3. The Assault on the Keys 4. Tentative Beginnings 5. An Evangelical Dilemma 6. The New Rite 7. Resisting the Old Jurisdiction 8. Confession Established 9. Propaganda and Practice Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index Figures Map of the Holy Roman Empire Late medieval Nuernberg The 1539 Schembartlauf hell-float The storming of the hell-float Woodcut from Andreas Osiander's children's sermon on the keys In an exceptionally fair-minded and scrupulous book, Ronald Rittgers charts a route through theological and social complexities with great clarity and subtlety. Lutherans experienced strong and conflicting emotions about confession, and Nuremberg makes a fine case study of their divergent reactions. This is an original and important addition to scholarship. --Andrew Pettegree, University of St. Andrews A finely detailed survey of the disputes and controversies surrounding the introduction of an evangelical form of confession in sixteenth-century Nuremberg. There is, to my knowledge, no comparable treatment of the subject. Rittgers's study is deeply researched. His writing is fluent, the argument easy to follow. Useful for Reformation scholars, this book also holds much for the general reader with a serious interest in the history of the Reformation. --Gerald Strauss, Emeritus, Indiana University


Book Synopsis The Reformation of the Keys by : Ronald K. RITTGERS

Download or read book The Reformation of the Keys written by Ronald K. RITTGERS and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Catholic Church's claims to spiritual and temporal authority rest on Jesus' promise in the gospels to give Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven. In the sixteenth century, leaders of the German Reformation sought a fundamental transformation of this "power of the keys" as part of their efforts to rid Church and society of alleged clerical abuses. Central to this transformation was a thoroughgoing reform of private confession. Unlike other Protestants, Lutherans chose not to abolish private confession but to change it to suit their theological convictions and social needs. In a fascinating examination of this new religious practice, Ronald Rittgers traces the development of Lutheran private confession, demonstrating how it consistently balanced competing concerns for spiritual freedom and moral discipline. The reformation of private confession was part of a much larger reformation of the power of the keys that had profound implications for the use of religious authority in sixteenth-century Germany. As the first full-length study of the role of Lutheran private confession in the German Reformation, this book is a welcome contribution to early modern European and religious history. Table of Contents: List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Allegiance to the Regnum 2. Between Hope and Fear 3. The Assault on the Keys 4. Tentative Beginnings 5. An Evangelical Dilemma 6. The New Rite 7. Resisting the Old Jurisdiction 8. Confession Established 9. Propaganda and Practice Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index Figures Map of the Holy Roman Empire Late medieval Nuernberg The 1539 Schembartlauf hell-float The storming of the hell-float Woodcut from Andreas Osiander's children's sermon on the keys In an exceptionally fair-minded and scrupulous book, Ronald Rittgers charts a route through theological and social complexities with great clarity and subtlety. Lutherans experienced strong and conflicting emotions about confession, and Nuremberg makes a fine case study of their divergent reactions. This is an original and important addition to scholarship. --Andrew Pettegree, University of St. Andrews A finely detailed survey of the disputes and controversies surrounding the introduction of an evangelical form of confession in sixteenth-century Nuremberg. There is, to my knowledge, no comparable treatment of the subject. Rittgers's study is deeply researched. His writing is fluent, the argument easy to follow. Useful for Reformation scholars, this book also holds much for the general reader with a serious interest in the history of the Reformation. --Gerald Strauss, Emeritus, Indiana University


"Poor Sinning Folk"

Author: David Myers

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2019-05-15

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 1501744704

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In "Poor, Sinning Folk," W. David Myers investigates the sixteenth-century fate of the medieval Christian sacrament of penance, the process of confessing to a priest in secret one's sins against God and other humans. In Pre-Reformation Germany, numerous layers of public ritual, expectation, and display surrounded the central secret act of confessing and conditioned its meaning. Less frequent and less private than the ritual familiar to modern Catholics, medieval penance was for most German-speaking Christians a seasonal event with social as well as spiritual ramifications for participants. Protestantism swept confession away from many German lands. Even where Catholicism survived and flourished, as in the lands comprising modern Bavaria, the sacrament of penance changed profoundly. The modern confessional booth was introduced, making the sacrament more prominent, more secure from scandal, and ultimately more private. This reform coincided with the efforts of secular rulers to fashion a more disciplined, obedient population. New religious orders, most notably the Society of Jesus in Bavaria, saw the frequent confession of lay people as a means to piety and spiritual discipline amidst the temptations of worldly affairs. By the middle of the seventeenth century, political and religious forces combined to forge the sacrament of penance into an effective instrument of spiritual discipline which would fashion the modern Catholic conscience and endure essentially unchanged into the late twentieth century.


Book Synopsis "Poor Sinning Folk" by : David Myers

Download or read book "Poor Sinning Folk" written by David Myers and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "Poor, Sinning Folk," W. David Myers investigates the sixteenth-century fate of the medieval Christian sacrament of penance, the process of confessing to a priest in secret one's sins against God and other humans. In Pre-Reformation Germany, numerous layers of public ritual, expectation, and display surrounded the central secret act of confessing and conditioned its meaning. Less frequent and less private than the ritual familiar to modern Catholics, medieval penance was for most German-speaking Christians a seasonal event with social as well as spiritual ramifications for participants. Protestantism swept confession away from many German lands. Even where Catholicism survived and flourished, as in the lands comprising modern Bavaria, the sacrament of penance changed profoundly. The modern confessional booth was introduced, making the sacrament more prominent, more secure from scandal, and ultimately more private. This reform coincided with the efforts of secular rulers to fashion a more disciplined, obedient population. New religious orders, most notably the Society of Jesus in Bavaria, saw the frequent confession of lay people as a means to piety and spiritual discipline amidst the temptations of worldly affairs. By the middle of the seventeenth century, political and religious forces combined to forge the sacrament of penance into an effective instrument of spiritual discipline which would fashion the modern Catholic conscience and endure essentially unchanged into the late twentieth century.


Counsel and Conscience

Counsel and Conscience

Author: Benjamin T. G. Mayes

Publisher: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

Published: 2011-08-17

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 3647550272

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In Lutheran Germany of the post-Reformation era (ca. 1580–1750), a genre of pastoral, ethical writings arose that consisted in casuistry and in topically or thematically related theological counsels. In this first volume of the new Refo500 series Mayes shows that this casuistry literature was intended to instruct and comfort the consciences of Christians. Lutheran casuistry, related to but also distinct from Roman Catholic and Reformed counterparts, arose especially as pastors looked within Holy Scripture, the medieval tradition, and the writings of Martin Luther and other Lutheran authorities for answers to ethical problems and doctrinal disputes, and then catalogued their findings. As an extensive example from this genre Mayes examines the Thesaurus Consiliorum Et Decisionum, published in 1671 by Georg Dedekenn and Johann Ernst Gerhard. This Thesaurus was an anthology of wise advice from Lutheran theologians and jurists, published to encourage readers to avoid individualistic ethical choices and instead to engage in an "aristocratic" process of moral decision making in which one would consult the wise men of the past and present. The counsels included in the Thesaurus address inter-confessional disputes, intra-Lutheran disputes, sacraments, church government, pastoral ministry, social ethics, marriage, sexual ethics, and many other topics. The topics of divorce and remarriage, especially, show the different ways in which Lutherans reasoned about moral matters. The author shows that in the Thesaurus the Lutheran casuistry literature, which has been overlooked in most scholarship of the 20th and 21st centuries, was in bloom. It arose to meet the needs of people who had doubts, and it continued to instruct and console Christian consciences for many generations.


Book Synopsis Counsel and Conscience by : Benjamin T. G. Mayes

Download or read book Counsel and Conscience written by Benjamin T. G. Mayes and published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. This book was released on 2011-08-17 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Lutheran Germany of the post-Reformation era (ca. 1580–1750), a genre of pastoral, ethical writings arose that consisted in casuistry and in topically or thematically related theological counsels. In this first volume of the new Refo500 series Mayes shows that this casuistry literature was intended to instruct and comfort the consciences of Christians. Lutheran casuistry, related to but also distinct from Roman Catholic and Reformed counterparts, arose especially as pastors looked within Holy Scripture, the medieval tradition, and the writings of Martin Luther and other Lutheran authorities for answers to ethical problems and doctrinal disputes, and then catalogued their findings. As an extensive example from this genre Mayes examines the Thesaurus Consiliorum Et Decisionum, published in 1671 by Georg Dedekenn and Johann Ernst Gerhard. This Thesaurus was an anthology of wise advice from Lutheran theologians and jurists, published to encourage readers to avoid individualistic ethical choices and instead to engage in an "aristocratic" process of moral decision making in which one would consult the wise men of the past and present. The counsels included in the Thesaurus address inter-confessional disputes, intra-Lutheran disputes, sacraments, church government, pastoral ministry, social ethics, marriage, sexual ethics, and many other topics. The topics of divorce and remarriage, especially, show the different ways in which Lutherans reasoned about moral matters. The author shows that in the Thesaurus the Lutheran casuistry literature, which has been overlooked in most scholarship of the 20th and 21st centuries, was in bloom. It arose to meet the needs of people who had doubts, and it continued to instruct and console Christian consciences for many generations.


The Assurance of Faith

The Assurance of Faith

Author: Randall C. Zachman

Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press

Published: 2005-01-01

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9780664228651

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Common widsom concerning Luther and Calvin suggests differences in the way they related the testimony of Christ to the conscience. Zachman undertakes the long overdue comparison of their theologies, especially the ways in which Luther and Calvin define and describe the conscience and relate it to the testimonies of the Word and the Spirit. Winner of the Marc Perry Galler Prize for a work of scholarly distinction.


Book Synopsis The Assurance of Faith by : Randall C. Zachman

Download or read book The Assurance of Faith written by Randall C. Zachman and published by Westminster John Knox Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common widsom concerning Luther and Calvin suggests differences in the way they related the testimony of Christ to the conscience. Zachman undertakes the long overdue comparison of their theologies, especially the ways in which Luther and Calvin define and describe the conscience and relate it to the testimonies of the Word and the Spirit. Winner of the Marc Perry Galler Prize for a work of scholarly distinction.


Action and Person: Conscience in Late Scholasticism and the Young Luther

Action and Person: Conscience in Late Scholasticism and the Young Luther

Author: Baylor

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2022-03-07

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 9004474277

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Book Synopsis Action and Person: Conscience in Late Scholasticism and the Young Luther by : Baylor

Download or read book Action and Person: Conscience in Late Scholasticism and the Young Luther written by Baylor and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Domesticating the Reformation

Domesticating the Reformation

Author: Mary Hampson Patterson

Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 462

ISBN-13: 9780838641095

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This book rescues three little-known bestsellers of the English Reformation and employs them in an examination of intellectual and religious revolution. How did sixteenth-century English Protestant manuals of private devotion - often to be read aloud - stream continental theology into the domestic contexts of parish, school, and home? Patterson elucidates ideological programs presented in key texts in light of evolving patterns of public and private worship; she also considers the processes of transmission by which complex doctrinal debates were packaged for cultivating an everyday piety in a confusing age of inflammatory, politicized religion. It is in the most prosaic challenges of daily realities, that the deepest opportunities lie for experiencing the divine. Intersecting issues of piety, rhetoric, and the devotional life of the home, this book brings to life reformists' endeavors to guide popular responses to the Protestant revolution itself.


Book Synopsis Domesticating the Reformation by : Mary Hampson Patterson

Download or read book Domesticating the Reformation written by Mary Hampson Patterson and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book rescues three little-known bestsellers of the English Reformation and employs them in an examination of intellectual and religious revolution. How did sixteenth-century English Protestant manuals of private devotion - often to be read aloud - stream continental theology into the domestic contexts of parish, school, and home? Patterson elucidates ideological programs presented in key texts in light of evolving patterns of public and private worship; she also considers the processes of transmission by which complex doctrinal debates were packaged for cultivating an everyday piety in a confusing age of inflammatory, politicized religion. It is in the most prosaic challenges of daily realities, that the deepest opportunities lie for experiencing the divine. Intersecting issues of piety, rhetoric, and the devotional life of the home, this book brings to life reformists' endeavors to guide popular responses to the Protestant revolution itself.


Christianity and the Laws of Conscience

Christianity and the Laws of Conscience

Author: Jeffrey B. Hammond

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-06-24

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 1108835384

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This book explores the Christian theological, legal, constitutional, historical, and philosophical meanings of conscience for both scholarly and educated general audiences.


Book Synopsis Christianity and the Laws of Conscience by : Jeffrey B. Hammond

Download or read book Christianity and the Laws of Conscience written by Jeffrey B. Hammond and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the Christian theological, legal, constitutional, historical, and philosophical meanings of conscience for both scholarly and educated general audiences.


Das Gewissen in den Rechtslehren der protestantischen und katholischen Reformationen / Conscience in the Legal Teachings of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations

Das Gewissen in den Rechtslehren der protestantischen und katholischen Reformationen / Conscience in the Legal Teachings of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations

Author: Michael Germann

Publisher: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt

Published: 2017-03-01

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 3374046894

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Die in diesem Band vereinigten Beiträge untersuchen die Bedeutung der religiösen Reformbewegungen ab dem 16. Jahrhundert für die moderne Rechtsentwicklung an einem spezifischen Gegenstand: am Rechtsstatus der in allen Konfessionen aktuellen Berufung auf das Gewissen. So führt der Band sonst oft separat betriebene Forschungen über die Traditionsbildung in und nach den Lehren lutherischer, calvinischer und römisch-katholischer Theologen und Juristen des 16., 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhunderts exemplarisch vergleichend zusammen. Insbesondere gehen die Untersuchungen der Frage nach, inwiefern die konfessionell geprägten Rechtslehren miteinander in Wechselwirkung standen. Sie umfassen Themen zu Rechtskonzepten des Gewissens sowie zu ihrer Umsetzung in den Lehren vom Öffentlichen Recht und vom Kirchenrecht aus theologie-, rechts- und philosophiegeschichtlichen Perspektiven. The essays joined in this volume investigate the role of the religious reform movements since the 16th century in the transformation of the Western legal tradition, focussing on a particular topic: how Jurisprudence had to deal with the reference to conscience, virulent for all confessional positions. Research on the teachings of Lutheran, Calvinist, and Roman Catholic theologians and jurists from the 16th up to the early 18th century, most often examined separately, is brought together in a comparative perspective. The essays comprise studies on legal concepts of conscience and on their implementation in the teachings in Public Law and in Canon or Ecclesiastical Law from the perspectives of theology, law, and philosophy.


Book Synopsis Das Gewissen in den Rechtslehren der protestantischen und katholischen Reformationen / Conscience in the Legal Teachings of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations by : Michael Germann

Download or read book Das Gewissen in den Rechtslehren der protestantischen und katholischen Reformationen / Conscience in the Legal Teachings of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations written by Michael Germann and published by Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die in diesem Band vereinigten Beiträge untersuchen die Bedeutung der religiösen Reformbewegungen ab dem 16. Jahrhundert für die moderne Rechtsentwicklung an einem spezifischen Gegenstand: am Rechtsstatus der in allen Konfessionen aktuellen Berufung auf das Gewissen. So führt der Band sonst oft separat betriebene Forschungen über die Traditionsbildung in und nach den Lehren lutherischer, calvinischer und römisch-katholischer Theologen und Juristen des 16., 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhunderts exemplarisch vergleichend zusammen. Insbesondere gehen die Untersuchungen der Frage nach, inwiefern die konfessionell geprägten Rechtslehren miteinander in Wechselwirkung standen. Sie umfassen Themen zu Rechtskonzepten des Gewissens sowie zu ihrer Umsetzung in den Lehren vom Öffentlichen Recht und vom Kirchenrecht aus theologie-, rechts- und philosophiegeschichtlichen Perspektiven. The essays joined in this volume investigate the role of the religious reform movements since the 16th century in the transformation of the Western legal tradition, focussing on a particular topic: how Jurisprudence had to deal with the reference to conscience, virulent for all confessional positions. Research on the teachings of Lutheran, Calvinist, and Roman Catholic theologians and jurists from the 16th up to the early 18th century, most often examined separately, is brought together in a comparative perspective. The essays comprise studies on legal concepts of conscience and on their implementation in the teachings in Public Law and in Canon or Ecclesiastical Law from the perspectives of theology, law, and philosophy.


Confessions and Catechisms of the Reformation

Confessions and Catechisms of the Reformation

Author: Mark A. Noll

Publisher:

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Confessions and Catechisms of the Reformation by : Mark A. Noll

Download or read book Confessions and Catechisms of the Reformation written by Mark A. Noll and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL