Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality

Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality

Author: Nicholas Southwood

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2013-11-07

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 0191009997

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Contractualism has a venerable history and considerable appeal. Yet as an account of the foundations or ultimate grounds of morality it has been thought by many philosophers to be subject to fatal objections. In this book Nicholas Southwood argues otherwise. Beginning by detailing and diagnosing the shortcomings of the existing "Hobbesian" and "Kantian" models of contractualism, he then proposes a novel "deliberative" model, based on an interpersonal, deliberative conception of practical reason. He argues that the deliberative model of contractualism represents an attractive alternative to its more familiar rivals and that it has the resources to offer a more compelling account of morality's foundations, one that does justice to the twin demands of moral accuracy and explanatory adequacy.


Book Synopsis Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality by : Nicholas Southwood

Download or read book Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality written by Nicholas Southwood and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractualism has a venerable history and considerable appeal. Yet as an account of the foundations or ultimate grounds of morality it has been thought by many philosophers to be subject to fatal objections. In this book Nicholas Southwood argues otherwise. Beginning by detailing and diagnosing the shortcomings of the existing "Hobbesian" and "Kantian" models of contractualism, he then proposes a novel "deliberative" model, based on an interpersonal, deliberative conception of practical reason. He argues that the deliberative model of contractualism represents an attractive alternative to its more familiar rivals and that it has the resources to offer a more compelling account of morality's foundations, one that does justice to the twin demands of moral accuracy and explanatory adequacy.

Scanlon and Contractualism

Scanlon and Contractualism

Author: Matt Matravers

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-08-02

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 1135755949

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This collection brings together essays by distinguished political philosophers which reflect on the detailed arguments of What We Owe to Each Other, and comment critically both on Scanlon's contractualism and his revised understandings of motivation and morality. The essays illustrate the uses of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to moral and political problems and in so doing they provide an assessment of the ability of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to other forms of ethical theory. The resulting volume makes an important and original contribution to the literature on Scanlon, on contractualism and on contemporary political philosophy.


Book Synopsis Scanlon and Contractualism by : Matt Matravers

Download or read book Scanlon and Contractualism written by Matt Matravers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection brings together essays by distinguished political philosophers which reflect on the detailed arguments of What We Owe to Each Other, and comment critically both on Scanlon's contractualism and his revised understandings of motivation and morality. The essays illustrate the uses of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to moral and political problems and in so doing they provide an assessment of the ability of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to other forms of ethical theory. The resulting volume makes an important and original contribution to the literature on Scanlon, on contractualism and on contemporary political philosophy.

Utilitarianism and Beyond

Utilitarianism and Beyond

Author: Amartya Sen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1982-06-10

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 9780521287715

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Utilitarianism considered both as a theory of personal morality and a theory of public choice.


Book Synopsis Utilitarianism and Beyond by : Amartya Sen

Download or read book Utilitarianism and Beyond written by Amartya Sen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-06-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilitarianism considered both as a theory of personal morality and a theory of public choice.

Contractualism

Contractualism

Author: Jussi Suikkanen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-05-28

Total Pages: 77

ISBN-13: 1108587119

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This Element begins by describing T.M. Scanlon's contractualism according to which an action is right when it is authorised by the moral principles no one could reasonably reject. This view has argued to have implausible consequences with regards to how different-sized groups, non-human animals, and cognitively limited human beings should be treated. It has also been accused of being theoretically redundant and unable to vindicate the so-called deontic distinctions. I then distinguish between the general contractualist framework and Scanlon's version of contractualism. I explain how the general framework enables us to formulate many other versions of contractualism some of which can already be found in the literature. Understanding contractualism in this new way enables us both to understand the structural similarities and differences between different versions of contractualism and also to see the different objections to contractualism as internal debates about which version of contractualism is correct.


Book Synopsis Contractualism by : Jussi Suikkanen

Download or read book Contractualism written by Jussi Suikkanen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element begins by describing T.M. Scanlon's contractualism according to which an action is right when it is authorised by the moral principles no one could reasonably reject. This view has argued to have implausible consequences with regards to how different-sized groups, non-human animals, and cognitively limited human beings should be treated. It has also been accused of being theoretically redundant and unable to vindicate the so-called deontic distinctions. I then distinguish between the general contractualist framework and Scanlon's version of contractualism. I explain how the general framework enables us to formulate many other versions of contractualism some of which can already be found in the literature. Understanding contractualism in this new way enables us both to understand the structural similarities and differences between different versions of contractualism and also to see the different objections to contractualism as internal debates about which version of contractualism is correct.

Rightness as Fairness

Rightness as Fairness

Author: Marcus Arvan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-29

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 1137541814

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Rightness as Fairness provides a uniquely fruitful method of 'principled fair negotiation' for resolving applied moral and political issues that requires merging principled debate with real-world negotiation.


Book Synopsis Rightness as Fairness by : Marcus Arvan

Download or read book Rightness as Fairness written by Marcus Arvan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rightness as Fairness provides a uniquely fruitful method of 'principled fair negotiation' for resolving applied moral and political issues that requires merging principled debate with real-world negotiation.

Contractarianism and Rational Choice

Contractarianism and Rational Choice

Author: Peter Vallentyne

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1991-01-25

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 9780521398152

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David Gauthier's Morals by Agreement (1986) is the most complete and suggestive contractarian theory of morality since the work of Rawls. In this anthology a number of prominent moral and political philosophers offer a critical assessment of Gauthier's theory and its three main projects: developing a contractarian foundation for morality, defending a theory of rational choice, and supporting the claim that rationality requires one to keep one's agreements. An introduction sets out Gauthier's project, while Gauthier himself has the last word, responding to the critiques. This collection will interest moral and political philosophers, social theorists, and specialists in the philosophy and theory of law as well as management sciences.


Book Synopsis Contractarianism and Rational Choice by : Peter Vallentyne

Download or read book Contractarianism and Rational Choice written by Peter Vallentyne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-01-25 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Gauthier's Morals by Agreement (1986) is the most complete and suggestive contractarian theory of morality since the work of Rawls. In this anthology a number of prominent moral and political philosophers offer a critical assessment of Gauthier's theory and its three main projects: developing a contractarian foundation for morality, defending a theory of rational choice, and supporting the claim that rationality requires one to keep one's agreements. An introduction sets out Gauthier's project, while Gauthier himself has the last word, responding to the critiques. This collection will interest moral and political philosophers, social theorists, and specialists in the philosophy and theory of law as well as management sciences.

The Concept of Moral Consensus

The Concept of Moral Consensus

Author: K. Bayertz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1994-05-31

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 9780792326151

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The demand for consensus arises due to its absence. For each opinion held there will be another to counter it, and for each approach to problem solving an alternative will be suggested. Focusing on the bioethical problems surrounding new technological interventions in human reproduction, 15 authors examine the meaning, importance and feasibility of consensus.


Book Synopsis The Concept of Moral Consensus by : K. Bayertz

Download or read book The Concept of Moral Consensus written by K. Bayertz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-05-31 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for consensus arises due to its absence. For each opinion held there will be another to counter it, and for each approach to problem solving an alternative will be suggested. Focusing on the bioethical problems surrounding new technological interventions in human reproduction, 15 authors examine the meaning, importance and feasibility of consensus.

Corporate Citizenship, Contractarianism and Ethical Theory

Corporate Citizenship, Contractarianism and Ethical Theory

Author: Jesús Conill

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-30

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 1351160982

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This study provides a representation of the broad spectrum of theoretical work on topics related to business ethics, with a particular focus on corporate citizenship. It considers relations of business and society alongside social responsibility and moves on to examine the historical and systemic foundations of business ethics, focusing on the concepts of social and ethical responsibilities. The contributors explore established theories and concepts and their impact on moral behaviour. Together, the contributions offer varied philosophical theories in approaches to business ethics. The book will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers with an interest in the theoretical development of business ethics.


Book Synopsis Corporate Citizenship, Contractarianism and Ethical Theory by : Jesús Conill

Download or read book Corporate Citizenship, Contractarianism and Ethical Theory written by Jesús Conill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a representation of the broad spectrum of theoretical work on topics related to business ethics, with a particular focus on corporate citizenship. It considers relations of business and society alongside social responsibility and moves on to examine the historical and systemic foundations of business ethics, focusing on the concepts of social and ethical responsibilities. The contributors explore established theories and concepts and their impact on moral behaviour. Together, the contributions offer varied philosophical theories in approaches to business ethics. The book will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers with an interest in the theoretical development of business ethics.

Society's Choices

Society's Choices

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1995-03-27

Total Pages: 560

ISBN-13: 0309051320

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Breakthroughs in biomedicine often lead to new life-giving treatments but may also raise troubling, even life-and-death, quandaries. Society's Choices discusses ways for people to handle today's bioethics issues in the context of America's unique history and cultureâ€"and from the perspectives of various interest groups. The book explores how Americans have grappled with specific aspects of bioethics through commission deliberations, programs by organizations, and other mechanisms and identifies criteria for evaluating the outcomes of these efforts. The committee offers recommendations on the role of government and professional societies, the function of commissions and institutional review boards, and bioethics in health professional education and research. The volume includes a series of 12 superb background papers on public moral discourse, mechanisms for handling social and ethical dilemmas, and other specific areas of controversy by well-known experts Ronald Bayer, Martin Benjamin, Dan W. Brock, Baruch A. Brody, H. Alta Charo, Lawrence Gostin, Bradford H. Gray, Kathi E. Hanna, Elizabeth Heitman, Thomas Nagel, Steven Shapin, and Charles M. Swezey.


Book Synopsis Society's Choices by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Society's Choices written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breakthroughs in biomedicine often lead to new life-giving treatments but may also raise troubling, even life-and-death, quandaries. Society's Choices discusses ways for people to handle today's bioethics issues in the context of America's unique history and cultureâ€"and from the perspectives of various interest groups. The book explores how Americans have grappled with specific aspects of bioethics through commission deliberations, programs by organizations, and other mechanisms and identifies criteria for evaluating the outcomes of these efforts. The committee offers recommendations on the role of government and professional societies, the function of commissions and institutional review boards, and bioethics in health professional education and research. The volume includes a series of 12 superb background papers on public moral discourse, mechanisms for handling social and ethical dilemmas, and other specific areas of controversy by well-known experts Ronald Bayer, Martin Benjamin, Dan W. Brock, Baruch A. Brody, H. Alta Charo, Lawrence Gostin, Bradford H. Gray, Kathi E. Hanna, Elizabeth Heitman, Thomas Nagel, Steven Shapin, and Charles M. Swezey.

Morals by Agreement

Morals by Agreement

Author: David Gauthier

Publisher: Clarendon Press

Published: 1987-05-21

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 0191520144

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In this book the author argues that moral principles are principles of rational choice. According to the usual view of choice, a rational person selects what is likely to give the greatest expectation of value or utility. But in many situations, if each person chooses in this way, everyone will be worse off than need be. Instead, Professor Gauthier proposes a principle whereby choice is made on an agreed basis of co-operation, rather than according to what would give the individual the greatest expectation of value. He shows that such a principle not only ensures mutual benefit and fairness, thus satisfying the standards of morality, but also that each person may actually expect greater utility by adhering to morality, even though the choice did not have that end primarily in view. In resolving what may appear to be a paradox, the author establishes morals on the firm foundation of reason.


Book Synopsis Morals by Agreement by : David Gauthier

Download or read book Morals by Agreement written by David Gauthier and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1987-05-21 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author argues that moral principles are principles of rational choice. According to the usual view of choice, a rational person selects what is likely to give the greatest expectation of value or utility. But in many situations, if each person chooses in this way, everyone will be worse off than need be. Instead, Professor Gauthier proposes a principle whereby choice is made on an agreed basis of co-operation, rather than according to what would give the individual the greatest expectation of value. He shows that such a principle not only ensures mutual benefit and fairness, thus satisfying the standards of morality, but also that each person may actually expect greater utility by adhering to morality, even though the choice did not have that end primarily in view. In resolving what may appear to be a paradox, the author establishes morals on the firm foundation of reason.