Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages

Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages

Author: R. Solymosi

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published:

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781349995899

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This is a chapter from Safety and Security in Transit Environments: An Interdisciplinary Approach edited by Vania Ceccato and Andrew Newton. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. As other chapters Safety and Security in Transit Environments assert, crimes such as pickpocketing can concentrate near bus stops, and crowding and congestion is a factor that heightens this risk. But to target interventions effectively, it is useful to determine what local-level interactions characterise this crowding behaviour. This paper aims to provide a first step to using data collected from laboratory experiments to address questions from crime and transport research. The experiment considered differences in interpersonal distances to further analyse crowding behaviour to attain further insight that could narrow the focus of possible interventions. Audio warnings are examined as a possible solution, and findings show that crowding peaks when passengers board the bus, and audio messages may be one approach for addressing this. To conclude, implications of identifying boarding as a problem area, and the effectiveness of warning messages as a situational crime prevention tool are discussed.


Book Synopsis Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages by : R. Solymosi

Download or read book Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages written by R. Solymosi and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a chapter from Safety and Security in Transit Environments: An Interdisciplinary Approach edited by Vania Ceccato and Andrew Newton. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. As other chapters Safety and Security in Transit Environments assert, crimes such as pickpocketing can concentrate near bus stops, and crowding and congestion is a factor that heightens this risk. But to target interventions effectively, it is useful to determine what local-level interactions characterise this crowding behaviour. This paper aims to provide a first step to using data collected from laboratory experiments to address questions from crime and transport research. The experiment considered differences in interpersonal distances to further analyse crowding behaviour to attain further insight that could narrow the focus of possible interventions. Audio warnings are examined as a possible solution, and findings show that crowding peaks when passengers board the bus, and audio messages may be one approach for addressing this. To conclude, implications of identifying boarding as a problem area, and the effectiveness of warning messages as a situational crime prevention tool are discussed.

Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Author: Taku Fujiyama

Publisher:

Published: 2020-10-09

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13: 9781013285752

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This is a chapter from Safety and Security in Transit Environments: An Interdisciplinary Approach edited by Vania Ceccato and Andrew Newton. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. As other chapters in Safety and Security in Transit Environments assert, crimes such as pickpocketing can concentrate near bus stops, and crowding and congestion is a factor that heightens this risk. But to target interventions effectively, it is useful to determine what local-level interactions characterise this crowding behaviour. This paper aims to provide a first step to using data collected from laboratory experiments to address questions from crime and transport research. The experiment considered differences in interpersonal distances to further analyse crowding behaviour to attain further insight that could narrow the focus of possible interventions. Audio warnings are examined as a possible solution, and findings show that crowding peaks when passengers board the bus, and audio messages may be one approach for addressing this. To conclude, implications of identifying boarding as a problem area, and the effectiveness of warning messages as a situational crime prevention tool are discussed. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.


Book Synopsis Chapter 9 by : Taku Fujiyama

Download or read book Chapter 9 written by Taku Fujiyama and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a chapter from Safety and Security in Transit Environments: An Interdisciplinary Approach edited by Vania Ceccato and Andrew Newton. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. As other chapters in Safety and Security in Transit Environments assert, crimes such as pickpocketing can concentrate near bus stops, and crowding and congestion is a factor that heightens this risk. But to target interventions effectively, it is useful to determine what local-level interactions characterise this crowding behaviour. This paper aims to provide a first step to using data collected from laboratory experiments to address questions from crime and transport research. The experiment considered differences in interpersonal distances to further analyse crowding behaviour to attain further insight that could narrow the focus of possible interventions. Audio warnings are examined as a possible solution, and findings show that crowding peaks when passengers board the bus, and audio messages may be one approach for addressing this. To conclude, implications of identifying boarding as a problem area, and the effectiveness of warning messages as a situational crime prevention tool are discussed. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Safety and Security in Transit Environments

Safety and Security in Transit Environments

Author: Vania Ceccato

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-12-29

Total Pages: 680

ISBN-13: 1137457651

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Chapter “Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.


Book Synopsis Safety and Security in Transit Environments by : Vania Ceccato

Download or read book Safety and Security in Transit Environments written by Vania Ceccato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter “Crowd Spatial Patterns at Bus Stops: Security Implications and Effects of Warning Messages” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology

The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology

Author: Gerben Bruinsma

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 969

ISBN-13: 0190279702

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The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across a number of research traditions. These include the neighborhood-effects approach developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920s; modern environmental criminology that explains the geographic distribution of crime; the criminology of place, which focuses on crime rates at specific places over time; and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime and disorder in communities. Aided by new mobile and digital technologies as well as improved data reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed at a rapid pace within each of these approaches. Despite these advances, research in the subfield of environmental criminology remains fragmented, and competing theories are often kept apart. This book takes a different approach and integrates the subfield as a whole. It covers the core theoretical and empirical issues of how and why the environment influences the emergence of crime and how crime can affect the environment. The chapters reflect the diversity in research and theory from all over the Western world. In addition to covering traditional criminological research, the book probes how well current theories of environmental criminology contribute to our understanding of new problems and how well theories travel to other areas, such as West Africa, in which cultural differences might lead to different patterns in offending.


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology by : Gerben Bruinsma

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology written by Gerben Bruinsma and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across a number of research traditions. These include the neighborhood-effects approach developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920s; modern environmental criminology that explains the geographic distribution of crime; the criminology of place, which focuses on crime rates at specific places over time; and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime and disorder in communities. Aided by new mobile and digital technologies as well as improved data reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed at a rapid pace within each of these approaches. Despite these advances, research in the subfield of environmental criminology remains fragmented, and competing theories are often kept apart. This book takes a different approach and integrates the subfield as a whole. It covers the core theoretical and empirical issues of how and why the environment influences the emergence of crime and how crime can affect the environment. The chapters reflect the diversity in research and theory from all over the Western world. In addition to covering traditional criminological research, the book probes how well current theories of environmental criminology contribute to our understanding of new problems and how well theories travel to other areas, such as West Africa, in which cultural differences might lead to different patterns in offending.

Introductory Criminology

Introductory Criminology

Author: Marcus Felson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-12-04

Total Pages: 626

ISBN-13: 1317211820

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Introductory Criminology: The Study of Risky Situations takes a unique and intuitive approach to teaching and learning criminology. Avoiding the fragmentation of ideas commonly found in criminology textbooks, Marcus Felson and Mary A. Eckert develop a more practical, readable structure that engages the reader and enhances their understanding of the material. Their descriptive categories, simultaneously broad and realistic, serve better than the usual philosophical categories, such as "positivism" and "classicalism," to stimulate students’ interest and critical thinking. Short chapters, each broken into 5–7 sections, describe situations in which crime is most likely to happen, and explain why they are risky and what society can and can’t do about crime. They create a framework to organize ideas and facts, and then link these categories to the leading theories developed by criminologists over the last 100 years. With this narrative to guide them, students remember the material beyond the final exam. This fresh new text was created by two professors to address the main points they encounter in teaching their own criminology courses. Problems solved include: reluctant readers, aversion to abstract thinking, fear of theory, and boredom with laundry lists of disconnected ideas. Felson, a leader in criminology theory with a global reputation for innovative thinking, and Eckert, an experienced criminal justice researcher, are uniquely qualified to reframe criminology in a unified arc. By design, they offer abstractions that are useful and not overbearing; their prose is readable, and their concepts are easy to comprehend and remember. This new textbook challenges instructors to re-engage with theory and present the essence of criminological thought for adult learners, coaching students to grasp the concept before any label is attached and allowing them to emerge with deeper understanding of what each theory means and offers. Lean, with no filler or fluff like stock photos, Introductory Criminology includes the authors’ graphics to crystallize and expand concepts from the text.


Book Synopsis Introductory Criminology by : Marcus Felson

Download or read book Introductory Criminology written by Marcus Felson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory Criminology: The Study of Risky Situations takes a unique and intuitive approach to teaching and learning criminology. Avoiding the fragmentation of ideas commonly found in criminology textbooks, Marcus Felson and Mary A. Eckert develop a more practical, readable structure that engages the reader and enhances their understanding of the material. Their descriptive categories, simultaneously broad and realistic, serve better than the usual philosophical categories, such as "positivism" and "classicalism," to stimulate students’ interest and critical thinking. Short chapters, each broken into 5–7 sections, describe situations in which crime is most likely to happen, and explain why they are risky and what society can and can’t do about crime. They create a framework to organize ideas and facts, and then link these categories to the leading theories developed by criminologists over the last 100 years. With this narrative to guide them, students remember the material beyond the final exam. This fresh new text was created by two professors to address the main points they encounter in teaching their own criminology courses. Problems solved include: reluctant readers, aversion to abstract thinking, fear of theory, and boredom with laundry lists of disconnected ideas. Felson, a leader in criminology theory with a global reputation for innovative thinking, and Eckert, an experienced criminal justice researcher, are uniquely qualified to reframe criminology in a unified arc. By design, they offer abstractions that are useful and not overbearing; their prose is readable, and their concepts are easy to comprehend and remember. This new textbook challenges instructors to re-engage with theory and present the essence of criminological thought for adult learners, coaching students to grasp the concept before any label is attached and allowing them to emerge with deeper understanding of what each theory means and offers. Lean, with no filler or fluff like stock photos, Introductory Criminology includes the authors’ graphics to crystallize and expand concepts from the text.

Traffic Congestion

Traffic Congestion

Author: Alberto Bull

Publisher: Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Traffic Congestion by : Alberto Bull

Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by Alberto Bull and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding Crowd Behaviours [pack]

Understanding Crowd Behaviours [pack]

Author: Great Britain Cabinet Office

Publisher:

Published: 2010-04-23

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 9780114302054

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Pack contains Vol. 1: Practical guidance and lessons identified (ISBN 9780114302030) and Vol. 2: Supporting theory and evidence (ISBN 9780114302047). Both volumes are available separately


Book Synopsis Understanding Crowd Behaviours [pack] by : Great Britain Cabinet Office

Download or read book Understanding Crowd Behaviours [pack] written by Great Britain Cabinet Office and published by . This book was released on 2010-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pack contains Vol. 1: Practical guidance and lessons identified (ISBN 9780114302030) and Vol. 2: Supporting theory and evidence (ISBN 9780114302047). Both volumes are available separately

Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault

Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault

Author: Yuko J. Nakanishi

Publisher: Transportation Research Board

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13: 0309143519

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Ch. 1. Introduction. Background. Project objectives. Technical approach to project. Report organization -- ch. 2. Literature summary. Transit security. Workplace violence. Bus operator training and selection. Video surveillance. Self-defense. Bus operator perspective. International studies -- ch. 3. Survey results. Characteristics of survey respondents. Security provider. Fare and rules enforcement. Standard operating procedures. Definition of "assault". Assault characteristics. Training. Employee assistance. Data collection and reporting. Methods to address operator assaults. Bus operator selection methods. Impact of violence against operators. Effective measures -- ch. 4. Operator protection measures : technology and information management. Barriers. Information management and crime analysis. Video surveillance. Audio surveillance. Automatic vehicle location system. Transit operations decision support system. Emergency communications. DNA kits.


Book Synopsis Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault by : Yuko J. Nakanishi

Download or read book Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault written by Yuko J. Nakanishi and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Introduction. Background. Project objectives. Technical approach to project. Report organization -- ch. 2. Literature summary. Transit security. Workplace violence. Bus operator training and selection. Video surveillance. Self-defense. Bus operator perspective. International studies -- ch. 3. Survey results. Characteristics of survey respondents. Security provider. Fare and rules enforcement. Standard operating procedures. Definition of "assault". Assault characteristics. Training. Employee assistance. Data collection and reporting. Methods to address operator assaults. Bus operator selection methods. Impact of violence against operators. Effective measures -- ch. 4. Operator protection measures : technology and information management. Barriers. Information management and crime analysis. Video surveillance. Audio surveillance. Automatic vehicle location system. Transit operations decision support system. Emergency communications. DNA kits.

Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide

Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide

Author: Kittelson & Associates

Publisher: Transportation Research Board

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 030909884X

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Introduction -- Planning framework -- Estimating BRT ridership -- Component features, costs, and impacts -- System packaging, integration, and assessment -- Land development guidelines.


Book Synopsis Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide by : Kittelson & Associates

Download or read book Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide written by Kittelson & Associates and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Planning framework -- Estimating BRT ridership -- Component features, costs, and impacts -- System packaging, integration, and assessment -- Land development guidelines.

The Image of the City

The Image of the City

Author: Kevin Lynch

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1964-06-15

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9780262620017

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The classic work on the evaluation of city form. What does the city's form actually mean to the people who live there? What can the city planner do to make the city's image more vivid and memorable to the city dweller? To answer these questions, Mr. Lynch, supported by studies of Los Angeles, Boston, and Jersey City, formulates a new criterion—imageability—and shows its potential value as a guide for the building and rebuilding of cities. The wide scope of this study leads to an original and vital method for the evaluation of city form. The architect, the planner, and certainly the city dweller will all want to read this book.


Book Synopsis The Image of the City by : Kevin Lynch

Download or read book The Image of the City written by Kevin Lynch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1964-06-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic work on the evaluation of city form. What does the city's form actually mean to the people who live there? What can the city planner do to make the city's image more vivid and memorable to the city dweller? To answer these questions, Mr. Lynch, supported by studies of Los Angeles, Boston, and Jersey City, formulates a new criterion—imageability—and shows its potential value as a guide for the building and rebuilding of cities. The wide scope of this study leads to an original and vital method for the evaluation of city form. The architect, the planner, and certainly the city dweller will all want to read this book.