Determinants of Democratization

Determinants of Democratization

Author: Jan Teorell

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-10-28

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 1139492519

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What are the determinants of democratization? Do the factors that move countries toward democracy also help them refrain from backsliding toward autocracy? This book attempts to answer these questions through a combination of a statistical analysis of social, economic, and international determinants of regime change in 165 countries around the world in 1972–2006, and case study work on nine episodes of democratization occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Hungary, Nepal, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. The findings suggest that democracy is promoted by long-term structural forces such as economic prosperity, but also by peaceful popular uprisings and the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes. In the short-run, however, elite actors may play a key role, particularly through the importance of intra-regime splits. Jan Teorell argues that these results have important repercussions both for current theories of democratization and for the international community's effort in developing policies for democracy promotion.


Book Synopsis Determinants of Democratization by : Jan Teorell

Download or read book Determinants of Democratization written by Jan Teorell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the determinants of democratization? Do the factors that move countries toward democracy also help them refrain from backsliding toward autocracy? This book attempts to answer these questions through a combination of a statistical analysis of social, economic, and international determinants of regime change in 165 countries around the world in 1972–2006, and case study work on nine episodes of democratization occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Hungary, Nepal, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. The findings suggest that democracy is promoted by long-term structural forces such as economic prosperity, but also by peaceful popular uprisings and the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes. In the short-run, however, elite actors may play a key role, particularly through the importance of intra-regime splits. Jan Teorell argues that these results have important repercussions both for current theories of democratization and for the international community's effort in developing policies for democracy promotion.


Dictators and Democrats

Dictators and Democrats

Author: Stephan Haggard

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2016-09-06

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 0691172153

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A rigorous and comprehensive account of recent democratic transitions around the world From the 1980s through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the spread of democracy across the developing and post-Communist worlds transformed the global political landscape. What drove these changes and what determined whether the emerging democracies would stabilize or revert to authoritarian rule? Dictators and Democrats takes a comprehensive look at the transitions to and from democracy in recent decades. Deploying both statistical and qualitative analysis, Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman engage with theories of democratic change and advocate approaches that emphasize political and institutional factors. While inequality has been a prominent explanation for democratic transitions, the authors argue that its role has been limited, and elites as well as masses can drive regime change. Examining seventy-eight cases of democratic transition and twenty-five reversions since 1980, Haggard and Kaufman show how differences in authoritarian regimes and organizational capabilities shape popular protest and elite initiatives in transitions to democracy, and how institutional weaknesses cause some democracies to fail. The determinants of democracy lie in the strength of existing institutions and the public's capacity to engage in collective action. There are multiple routes to democracy, but those growing out of mass mobilization may provide more checks on incumbents than those emerging from intra-elite bargains. Moving beyond well-known beliefs regarding regime changes, Dictators and Democrats explores the conditions under which transitions to democracy are likely to arise.


Book Synopsis Dictators and Democrats by : Stephan Haggard

Download or read book Dictators and Democrats written by Stephan Haggard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous and comprehensive account of recent democratic transitions around the world From the 1980s through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the spread of democracy across the developing and post-Communist worlds transformed the global political landscape. What drove these changes and what determined whether the emerging democracies would stabilize or revert to authoritarian rule? Dictators and Democrats takes a comprehensive look at the transitions to and from democracy in recent decades. Deploying both statistical and qualitative analysis, Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman engage with theories of democratic change and advocate approaches that emphasize political and institutional factors. While inequality has been a prominent explanation for democratic transitions, the authors argue that its role has been limited, and elites as well as masses can drive regime change. Examining seventy-eight cases of democratic transition and twenty-five reversions since 1980, Haggard and Kaufman show how differences in authoritarian regimes and organizational capabilities shape popular protest and elite initiatives in transitions to democracy, and how institutional weaknesses cause some democracies to fail. The determinants of democracy lie in the strength of existing institutions and the public's capacity to engage in collective action. There are multiple routes to democracy, but those growing out of mass mobilization may provide more checks on incumbents than those emerging from intra-elite bargains. Moving beyond well-known beliefs regarding regime changes, Dictators and Democrats explores the conditions under which transitions to democracy are likely to arise.


Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy

Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy

Author: Daron Acemoglu

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 9780521855266

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This book develops a framework for analyzing the creation and consolidation of democracy. Different social groups prefer different political institutions because of the way they allocate political power and resources. Thus democracy is preferred by the majority of citizens, but opposed by elites. Dictatorship nevertheless is not stable when citizens can threaten social disorder and revolution. In response, when the costs of repression are sufficiently high and promises of concessions are not credible, elites may be forced to create democracy. By democratizing, elites credibly transfer political power to the citizens, ensuring social stability. Democracy consolidates when elites do not have strong incentive to overthrow it. These processes depend on (1) the strength of civil society, (2) the structure of political institutions, (3) the nature of political and economic crises, (4) the level of economic inequality, (5) the structure of the economy, and (6) the form and extent of globalization.


Book Synopsis Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy by : Daron Acemoglu

Download or read book Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy written by Daron Acemoglu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a framework for analyzing the creation and consolidation of democracy. Different social groups prefer different political institutions because of the way they allocate political power and resources. Thus democracy is preferred by the majority of citizens, but opposed by elites. Dictatorship nevertheless is not stable when citizens can threaten social disorder and revolution. In response, when the costs of repression are sufficiently high and promises of concessions are not credible, elites may be forced to create democracy. By democratizing, elites credibly transfer political power to the citizens, ensuring social stability. Democracy consolidates when elites do not have strong incentive to overthrow it. These processes depend on (1) the strength of civil society, (2) the structure of political institutions, (3) the nature of political and economic crises, (4) the level of economic inequality, (5) the structure of the economy, and (6) the form and extent of globalization.


Determinants of Democracy

Determinants of Democracy

Author: Robert Joseph Barro

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789055390564

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Book Synopsis Determinants of Democracy by : Robert Joseph Barro

Download or read book Determinants of Democracy written by Robert Joseph Barro and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance

Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance

Author: Yi Feng

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 9780262562119

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A theoretical and empirical examination of why political institutions and organizations matter in economic growth.


Book Synopsis Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance by : Yi Feng

Download or read book Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance written by Yi Feng and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and empirical examination of why political institutions and organizations matter in economic growth.


Determinants of Democracy

Determinants of Democracy

Author: Robert J. Barro

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Determinants of Democracy by : Robert J. Barro

Download or read book Determinants of Democracy written by Robert J. Barro and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World

Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World

Author: Nancy Bermeo

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-12

Total Pages: 243

ISBN-13: 1107156793

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A comparative study of the role of political parties and movements in the founding and survival of developing world democracies.


Book Synopsis Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World by : Nancy Bermeo

Download or read book Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World written by Nancy Bermeo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study of the role of political parties and movements in the founding and survival of developing world democracies.


Revisiting the Determinants of Democracy

Revisiting the Determinants of Democracy

Author: Daron Acemoglu

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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In this paper we revisit the central finding in Comparative politics that the greater the per-capita income of a country, the more likely it is to be democratic. We argue that the existing empirical literature fails to treat seriously the fact that income and democracy are jointly determined in a political-economic equilibrium. Based on our previous research we argue that whether or not a country is democratic and whether or not it is prosperous depends on its underlying institutions. We first show that once you control for country-specific variation in institutions using fixed effects income per-capita never plays a role in determining democracy. This finding is robust to different estimation techniques, covariates, and sample. We then try to directly control for institutions by using historical data from former European colonies. This restriction is motivated by the fact that we have exogenous sources of institutional variation for this sub-set of countries. We show that when we use these variables to control for the historical creation of institutions (age of country, population density in 1500, and a measure of institutions at the date of independence) they have statistically indistinguishable effects rom the results with fixed effect. The main conclusion is that we find no evidence that income causes democracy. Rather, different countries move onto different development paths as the results of critical junctures and historical circumstances (such as European colonialism). Different paths are supported by different sets of institutions and the nexus of institutions that promotes prosperity simultaneously tends to lead to democracy.


Book Synopsis Revisiting the Determinants of Democracy by : Daron Acemoglu

Download or read book Revisiting the Determinants of Democracy written by Daron Acemoglu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we revisit the central finding in Comparative politics that the greater the per-capita income of a country, the more likely it is to be democratic. We argue that the existing empirical literature fails to treat seriously the fact that income and democracy are jointly determined in a political-economic equilibrium. Based on our previous research we argue that whether or not a country is democratic and whether or not it is prosperous depends on its underlying institutions. We first show that once you control for country-specific variation in institutions using fixed effects income per-capita never plays a role in determining democracy. This finding is robust to different estimation techniques, covariates, and sample. We then try to directly control for institutions by using historical data from former European colonies. This restriction is motivated by the fact that we have exogenous sources of institutional variation for this sub-set of countries. We show that when we use these variables to control for the historical creation of institutions (age of country, population density in 1500, and a measure of institutions at the date of independence) they have statistically indistinguishable effects rom the results with fixed effect. The main conclusion is that we find no evidence that income causes democracy. Rather, different countries move onto different development paths as the results of critical junctures and historical circumstances (such as European colonialism). Different paths are supported by different sets of institutions and the nexus of institutions that promotes prosperity simultaneously tends to lead to democracy.


Economic Factors of Democratization

Economic Factors of Democratization

Author: Frederik Marmann

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2018-08-16

Total Pages: 66

ISBN-13: 3668774587

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Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 8, , language: English, abstract: This study concerns itself with three questions about democratic transition through economic means, including a case study on Vietnam. Is economic growth correlated with democracy? There is a definite tendency towards a correlation between economic growth and democratization. Which are the economic determinants of democratization? The level of wealth, industrialization, economic openness and education as well as the strength of the middle class and the level of inequality. Which is the level of economic development in Vietnam on its way to democracy? Vietnam is not yet as well-to-do or developed as to achieve democracy through economic development.


Book Synopsis Economic Factors of Democratization by : Frederik Marmann

Download or read book Economic Factors of Democratization written by Frederik Marmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 8, , language: English, abstract: This study concerns itself with three questions about democratic transition through economic means, including a case study on Vietnam. Is economic growth correlated with democracy? There is a definite tendency towards a correlation between economic growth and democratization. Which are the economic determinants of democratization? The level of wealth, industrialization, economic openness and education as well as the strength of the middle class and the level of inequality. Which is the level of economic development in Vietnam on its way to democracy? Vietnam is not yet as well-to-do or developed as to achieve democracy through economic development.


Political Determinants of Income Inequality in Emerging Democracies

Political Determinants of Income Inequality in Emerging Democracies

Author: Takeshi Kawanaka

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-01-14

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 9811002576

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This study explores why democratization does not necessarily result in inequality reduction in emerging democracies and reveals the determinants of income inequality in emerging democracies, where the average level of inequality continues to be higher and where there is a larger variance of inequality levels than in advanced democracies. Apart from economic, demographic, and social factors, the book highlights political factors that obstruct redistributive policies. In contrast to conventional studies on advanced democracies, which emphasize the relations between different classes, this study asserts that several political factors cause malfunctioning of democratic institutions at various phases of the political process in emerging democracies: multidimensional preferences, the failure of the political market, and weak state capacity. The book employs econometric methods to examine the effects of these political factors. The results indicate their significant effects. The multilevel analysis using the World Values Survey demonstrates that multidimensional preferences, operationalized as ethnic fractionalization, weaken demand for income inequality. Political market quality and state capacity are measured by the age of the largest opposition party, and the Quality of Government indicator is used for the unbalanced panel analysis covering the 1985–2012 period for 75 democracies. Both political market quality and state capacity reduce inequality, but the latter takes more time to show its effect.


Book Synopsis Political Determinants of Income Inequality in Emerging Democracies by : Takeshi Kawanaka

Download or read book Political Determinants of Income Inequality in Emerging Democracies written by Takeshi Kawanaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores why democratization does not necessarily result in inequality reduction in emerging democracies and reveals the determinants of income inequality in emerging democracies, where the average level of inequality continues to be higher and where there is a larger variance of inequality levels than in advanced democracies. Apart from economic, demographic, and social factors, the book highlights political factors that obstruct redistributive policies. In contrast to conventional studies on advanced democracies, which emphasize the relations between different classes, this study asserts that several political factors cause malfunctioning of democratic institutions at various phases of the political process in emerging democracies: multidimensional preferences, the failure of the political market, and weak state capacity. The book employs econometric methods to examine the effects of these political factors. The results indicate their significant effects. The multilevel analysis using the World Values Survey demonstrates that multidimensional preferences, operationalized as ethnic fractionalization, weaken demand for income inequality. Political market quality and state capacity are measured by the age of the largest opposition party, and the Quality of Government indicator is used for the unbalanced panel analysis covering the 1985–2012 period for 75 democracies. Both political market quality and state capacity reduce inequality, but the latter takes more time to show its effect.