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Determination and Use of Scaling Factors for Waste Characterization in Nuclear Power Plants

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9789201108081

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This publication will assist Member States with the formation and implementation of efficient strategies for safe and cost effective classification and disposal of nuclear wastes. By exploiting the benefits of the scaling factor (SF) method of waste characterization, waste management professionals can facilitate the processing of larger quantities of heterogeneous radioactive waste. Whereas before, the complexity of quantifying difficult-to-measure (DTM) nuclides within sealed waste packages frustrated the efficient management of their disposal, the new SF methodology exploits known quantifiable ratios of DTM to easy-to-measure (ETM) nuclides so as to facilitate radioactive waste processing. This publication contains guidance and case studies from Member States where the technique has been successfully deployed, and provides an essential and effective complement to the recently published ISO standard 21238:2007 on the same topic.

Book Synopsis Determination and Use of Scaling Factors for Waste Characterization in Nuclear Power Plants by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Determination and Use of Scaling Factors for Waste Characterization in Nuclear Power Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication will assist Member States with the formation and implementation of efficient strategies for safe and cost effective classification and disposal of nuclear wastes. By exploiting the benefits of the scaling factor (SF) method of waste characterization, waste management professionals can facilitate the processing of larger quantities of heterogeneous radioactive waste. Whereas before, the complexity of quantifying difficult-to-measure (DTM) nuclides within sealed waste packages frustrated the efficient management of their disposal, the new SF methodology exploits known quantifiable ratios of DTM to easy-to-measure (ETM) nuclides so as to facilitate radioactive waste processing. This publication contains guidance and case studies from Member States where the technique has been successfully deployed, and provides an essential and effective complement to the recently published ISO standard 21238:2007 on the same topic.

Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher: IAEA

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13:

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Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.

Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Fuel Technology. Scaling Factor Method to Determine the Radioactivity of Low and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Packages Generated at Nuclear Power Plants

Author: British Standards Institute Staff

Publisher:

Published: 2007-05-31

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 9780580508295

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Nuclear power, Nuclear technology, Nuclear fuels, Waste handling, Radioactive wastes, Nuclear radiation, Radiation measurement, Radioactivity, Nuclides, Radionuclides, Nuclear fuel processing, Contamination, Nuclear-electric power stations, Water-cooled systems

Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Fuel Technology. Scaling Factor Method to Determine the Radioactivity of Low and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Packages Generated at Nuclear Power Plants by : British Standards Institute Staff

Download or read book Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Fuel Technology. Scaling Factor Method to Determine the Radioactivity of Low and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Packages Generated at Nuclear Power Plants written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear power, Nuclear technology, Nuclear fuels, Waste handling, Radioactive wastes, Nuclear radiation, Radiation measurement, Radioactivity, Nuclides, Radionuclides, Nuclear fuel processing, Contamination, Nuclear-electric power stations, Water-cooled systems

Nuclear Wastes

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1996-02-23

Total Pages: 590

ISBN-13: 0309052262

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Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.

Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council

Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.

Nuclear Power Plants

Author: Soon Heung Chang

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2012-03-21

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 953510408X

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This book covers various topics, from thermal-hydraulic analysis to the safety analysis of nuclear power plant. It does not focus only on current power plant issues. Instead, it aims to address the challenging ideas that can be implemented in and used for the development of future nuclear power plants. This book will take the readers into the world of innovative research and development of future plants. Find your interests inside this book!

Book Synopsis Nuclear Power Plants by : Soon Heung Chang

Download or read book Nuclear Power Plants written by Soon Heung Chang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers various topics, from thermal-hydraulic analysis to the safety analysis of nuclear power plant. It does not focus only on current power plant issues. Instead, it aims to address the challenging ideas that can be implemented in and used for the development of future nuclear power plants. This book will take the readers into the world of innovative research and development of future plants. Find your interests inside this book!

Radiological Characterization of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors for Decommissioning Purposes

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13:

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This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.

Book Synopsis Radiological Characterization of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors for Decommissioning Purposes by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Radiological Characterization of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors for Decommissioning Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.

An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation

Author: Michael I. Ojovan

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-04-04

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 0081027036

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An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Third Edition examines nuclear waste issues, including natural levels of radionuclides in the environment, the geological disposal of waste-forms, and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. The book has been updated to include a discussion of the disposal of nuclear waste from non-energy sources, also adding a chapter on the nuclear fuel cycle. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices, such as bitumen. The book's final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste. Focuses on core technologies and an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards Includes new scientific findings on wasteform performance and novel technological developments Provides expanded coverage on decommissioning waste, including clearance of bulk materials from regulatory control and novel processing approaches Focuses on different matrices used in nuclear waste immobilization, including cement, bitumen, glass and new materials

Book Synopsis An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation by : Michael I. Ojovan

Download or read book An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation written by Michael I. Ojovan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Third Edition examines nuclear waste issues, including natural levels of radionuclides in the environment, the geological disposal of waste-forms, and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. The book has been updated to include a discussion of the disposal of nuclear waste from non-energy sources, also adding a chapter on the nuclear fuel cycle. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices, such as bitumen. The book's final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste. Focuses on core technologies and an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards Includes new scientific findings on wasteform performance and novel technological developments Provides expanded coverage on decommissioning waste, including clearance of bulk materials from regulatory control and novel processing approaches Focuses on different matrices used in nuclear waste immobilization, including cement, bitumen, glass and new materials

Application of the Concept of Clearance

Author: IAEA

Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency

Published: 2023-11-15

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 920131423X

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Providing recommendations on the application of the concept of clearance for materials, objects and buildings that are to be released from regulatory control, this publication supports the application of the relevant requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3. It includes detail on the regulatory framework for clearance; the clearance process; the derivation of clearance levels; the application of clearance to solid materials, liquids and gases; generic clearance and specific clearance using activity concentration and surface contamination clearance levels. It also provides recommendations on the involvement of interested parties. Written for governmental officials, and those working for regulatory bodies and operating organizations, this publication will also be of interest to technical service providers in radiation protection. The recommendations provided are applicable to facilities that use, manufacture, process or store radioactive material, such as nuclear power plants, research reactors, other nuclear fuel cycle facilities, facilities for the management of radioactive waste, industrial plants, medical facilities, research facilities, educational facilities and accelerators. The recommendations in this publication also apply to industries processing materials containing radionuclides of natural origin and to the management of material originating from remediation activities or from post- emergency situations.

Book Synopsis Application of the Concept of Clearance by : IAEA

Download or read book Application of the Concept of Clearance written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing recommendations on the application of the concept of clearance for materials, objects and buildings that are to be released from regulatory control, this publication supports the application of the relevant requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3. It includes detail on the regulatory framework for clearance; the clearance process; the derivation of clearance levels; the application of clearance to solid materials, liquids and gases; generic clearance and specific clearance using activity concentration and surface contamination clearance levels. It also provides recommendations on the involvement of interested parties. Written for governmental officials, and those working for regulatory bodies and operating organizations, this publication will also be of interest to technical service providers in radiation protection. The recommendations provided are applicable to facilities that use, manufacture, process or store radioactive material, such as nuclear power plants, research reactors, other nuclear fuel cycle facilities, facilities for the management of radioactive waste, industrial plants, medical facilities, research facilities, educational facilities and accelerators. The recommendations in this publication also apply to industries processing materials containing radionuclides of natural origin and to the management of material originating from remediation activities or from post- emergency situations.

Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13:

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Simple text and photographs introduce the life of George Washington Carver.

Book Synopsis Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple text and photographs introduce the life of George Washington Carver.

The Characterization and Determination of Radioactive Waste from Decommissioning

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 9789282742105

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Book Synopsis The Characterization and Determination of Radioactive Waste from Decommissioning by :

Download or read book The Characterization and Determination of Radioactive Waste from Decommissioning written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: