Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Author: René Barents

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2019-10-07

Total Pages: 1252

ISBN-13: 9403511028

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This new edition of an immensely useful book follows the same proven format as its predecessors, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the courts of the European Union (EU), and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU) rules on State aids. All the relevant case law of both courts until the end of 2018 is covered. There is a new chapter on legal protection and additional material on the concept of State aid, advantages for undertakings, selectivity, forms of State aid, procedures and unlawful aids. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107–109 TFEU, including the following and much more: territorial scope of State aids; Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; free movement of goods; undertakings; private versus public investment; justification of selective measures; interstate trade and competition; tax measures; restructuring aids; procedural aspects; and locus standi of trade associations. In many areas, the extracts relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this updated edition of the preeminent analysis of EU State aid case law has no peers. Practitioners in this key area of EU competition law will find this book indispensable.


Book Synopsis Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids by : René Barents

Download or read book Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids written by René Barents and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-10-07 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of an immensely useful book follows the same proven format as its predecessors, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the courts of the European Union (EU), and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU) rules on State aids. All the relevant case law of both courts until the end of 2018 is covered. There is a new chapter on legal protection and additional material on the concept of State aid, advantages for undertakings, selectivity, forms of State aid, procedures and unlawful aids. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107–109 TFEU, including the following and much more: territorial scope of State aids; Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; free movement of goods; undertakings; private versus public investment; justification of selective measures; interstate trade and competition; tax measures; restructuring aids; procedural aspects; and locus standi of trade associations. In many areas, the extracts relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this updated edition of the preeminent analysis of EU State aid case law has no peers. Practitioners in this key area of EU competition law will find this book indispensable.

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Author: René Barents

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789041167217

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Article 107(1) TFEU: Aims and Scope --The Prohibition of Article 107(1) TFEU --Concept of State Aid --Advantages for Undertakings --The Test of a Private Operator in a Market Economy --Requirement of Selectivity --Aid Granted by the State or through State Resources --Intra-Union Trade and Competition --Taxes for the Financing of State Aids --Forms of State Aid --Aid for the Financing of Public Services --Compatible State Aids (Article 107(2) and (3) TFEU) --Guidelines of the Commission --Supervision of State Aids (Article 108 TFEU) --Existing Aids and New Aids --Aid Schemes --Notification of Aid Plans --The Preliminary Investigation Procedure --The Formal Investigation Procedure --Unlawful Aid --Recovery of Unlawful Aid --Statement of Reasons of State Aid Decisions --Proceedings Brought by the Commission against a Member State --Judicial Protection: General Issues --Judicial Protection of Competitors --Complaints on State Aid --Derogations by the Council from Article 107 TFEU --Articles 107-109 TFEU --Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 of 13 July 2015 laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (codification) (Text with EEA relevance).


Book Synopsis Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids by : René Barents

Download or read book Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids written by René Barents and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Article 107(1) TFEU: Aims and Scope --The Prohibition of Article 107(1) TFEU --Concept of State Aid --Advantages for Undertakings --The Test of a Private Operator in a Market Economy --Requirement of Selectivity --Aid Granted by the State or through State Resources --Intra-Union Trade and Competition --Taxes for the Financing of State Aids --Forms of State Aid --Aid for the Financing of Public Services --Compatible State Aids (Article 107(2) and (3) TFEU) --Guidelines of the Commission --Supervision of State Aids (Article 108 TFEU) --Existing Aids and New Aids --Aid Schemes --Notification of Aid Plans --The Preliminary Investigation Procedure --The Formal Investigation Procedure --Unlawful Aid --Recovery of Unlawful Aid --Statement of Reasons of State Aid Decisions --Proceedings Brought by the Commission against a Member State --Judicial Protection: General Issues --Judicial Protection of Competitors --Complaints on State Aid --Derogations by the Council from Article 107 TFEU --Articles 107-109 TFEU --Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 of 13 July 2015 laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (codification) (Text with EEA relevance).

Directory of EC Case Law on State Aids

Directory of EC Case Law on State Aids

Author: R. Barents

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789041127327

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This immensely useful book is a quick source of reference for practitioners working with EC State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all relevant judgments and orders of both the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance on the EC Treaty rules on State aid (Articles 87-89). Each subject heading starts with extracts having a more general meaning, followed by extracts relating to specific points or situations. Under each extract or summary, the judgments and orders are referred to by case number in ascending order. The articles of the EC Treaty are cited according to the method of citation pursuant to the renumbering of the articles of that treaty brought about by the Treaty of Amsterdam. The book covers all the case law of both courts until March 2008. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 87-89 EC, including the following and much more: - territorial scope of State aids; - Article 87(1) EC and WTO agreements; - conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; - free movement of goods; - common agricultural policy; - powers and discretion of the Commission; - undertakings; - private versus public investment; - justification of selective measures; - aid liable to affect trade and to distort competition; - the Altmark conditions for public service aid; - restructuring aids; - administrative procedure; - locus standi of trade associations; and - scope, nature, and limits to the Council's power under Article 88(2) EC. In many areas, the extracts in this bookrelate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially treated in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this book has no peers. Practitioners in the field of EC State aid law will find it indispensable.


Book Synopsis Directory of EC Case Law on State Aids by : R. Barents

Download or read book Directory of EC Case Law on State Aids written by R. Barents and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This immensely useful book is a quick source of reference for practitioners working with EC State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all relevant judgments and orders of both the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance on the EC Treaty rules on State aid (Articles 87-89). Each subject heading starts with extracts having a more general meaning, followed by extracts relating to specific points or situations. Under each extract or summary, the judgments and orders are referred to by case number in ascending order. The articles of the EC Treaty are cited according to the method of citation pursuant to the renumbering of the articles of that treaty brought about by the Treaty of Amsterdam. The book covers all the case law of both courts until March 2008. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 87-89 EC, including the following and much more: - territorial scope of State aids; - Article 87(1) EC and WTO agreements; - conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; - free movement of goods; - common agricultural policy; - powers and discretion of the Commission; - undertakings; - private versus public investment; - justification of selective measures; - aid liable to affect trade and to distort competition; - the Altmark conditions for public service aid; - restructuring aids; - administrative procedure; - locus standi of trade associations; and - scope, nature, and limits to the Council's power under Article 88(2) EC. In many areas, the extracts in this bookrelate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially treated in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this book has no peers. Practitioners in the field of EC State aid law will find it indispensable.

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

Author: René Barents

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2022-06-06

Total Pages: 875

ISBN-13: 9403544511

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This new edition of an immensely useful book follows the same proven format as its predecessors, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the courts of the European Union (EU), and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) rules on State aids. The book covers the relevant case law of both courts. There is a new chapter on legal protection and additional material on the concept of State aid, advantages for undertakings, selectivity, forms of State aid, procedures and unlawful aids. With this book, practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107-109 TFEU, including the following and much more: territorial scope of State aids; Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; free movement of goods; undertakings; private versus public investment; justification of selective measures; interstate trade and competition; tax measures; restructuring aids; procedural aspects; and locus standi of trade associations. In many areas, the extracts relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this updated edition of the preeminent analysis of EU State aid case law has no peers. Practitioners in this key area of EU competition law will find this book indispensable.


Book Synopsis Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids by : René Barents

Download or read book Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids written by René Barents and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of an immensely useful book follows the same proven format as its predecessors, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the courts of the European Union (EU), and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) rules on State aids. The book covers the relevant case law of both courts. There is a new chapter on legal protection and additional material on the concept of State aid, advantages for undertakings, selectivity, forms of State aid, procedures and unlawful aids. With this book, practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107-109 TFEU, including the following and much more: territorial scope of State aids; Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; free movement of goods; undertakings; private versus public investment; justification of selective measures; interstate trade and competition; tax measures; restructuring aids; procedural aspects; and locus standi of trade associations. In many areas, the extracts relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this updated edition of the preeminent analysis of EU State aid case law has no peers. Practitioners in this key area of EU competition law will find this book indispensable.

European Union Law of State Aid

European Union Law of State Aid

Author: Kelyn Bacon QC

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017-01-19

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13: 0191091227

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This book provides a comprehensive practitioner guide to the EU law of State aid, covering all relevant legislation, case law, and the dominant themes shaping EU State aid policy. It discusses the concept of State aid and its development in the European Union, as well as practical aspects such as procedures for notification to the European Commission, and enforcement in the European Court and national courts. It offers extensive coverage of specific sectors, including transport and shipbuilding, media and communications, energy and environmental protection, culture and heritage, and agriculture. The third edition is fully updated to cover the extensive legislative changes in this area, including the new General Block Exemption Regulation and De Minimis Regulation, horizontal aid guidelines, and sectoral guidelines for aviation, cinemas, agriculture, and fisheries; as well as State aid cases in the national courts, particularly the UK, and recent European Court jurisprudence. Accessible to competition lawyers and non-specialists, the book's clarity and concision make it an invaluable reference to this area of law.


Book Synopsis European Union Law of State Aid by : Kelyn Bacon QC

Download or read book European Union Law of State Aid written by Kelyn Bacon QC and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-19 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive practitioner guide to the EU law of State aid, covering all relevant legislation, case law, and the dominant themes shaping EU State aid policy. It discusses the concept of State aid and its development in the European Union, as well as practical aspects such as procedures for notification to the European Commission, and enforcement in the European Court and national courts. It offers extensive coverage of specific sectors, including transport and shipbuilding, media and communications, energy and environmental protection, culture and heritage, and agriculture. The third edition is fully updated to cover the extensive legislative changes in this area, including the new General Block Exemption Regulation and De Minimis Regulation, horizontal aid guidelines, and sectoral guidelines for aviation, cinemas, agriculture, and fisheries; as well as State aid cases in the national courts, particularly the UK, and recent European Court jurisprudence. Accessible to competition lawyers and non-specialists, the book's clarity and concision make it an invaluable reference to this area of law.

EU STATE AIDS.

EU STATE AIDS.

Author: LEIGH. OTTERVANGER HANCHER (TOM. SLOT, PIET JAN.)

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9780414080553

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Book Synopsis EU STATE AIDS. by : LEIGH. OTTERVANGER HANCHER (TOM. SLOT, PIET JAN.)

Download or read book EU STATE AIDS. written by LEIGH. OTTERVANGER HANCHER (TOM. SLOT, PIET JAN.) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

EU State Aids

EU State Aids

Author: Leigh Hancher

Publisher: Sweet & Maxwell

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 1283

ISBN-13: 0414046560

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An invaluable resource to all those involved in advising or litigating matters of state aid, from lawmakers to regulators, lawyers, economists and courts. This fully revised 4th edition presents detailed practical guidance to the law and practice in the European Union as it stands today, together with the relevant primary law materials


Book Synopsis EU State Aids by : Leigh Hancher

Download or read book EU State Aids written by Leigh Hancher and published by Sweet & Maxwell. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invaluable resource to all those involved in advising or litigating matters of state aid, from lawmakers to regulators, lawyers, economists and courts. This fully revised 4th edition presents detailed practical guidance to the law and practice in the European Union as it stands today, together with the relevant primary law materials

The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application

The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application

Author: Małgorzata Cyndecka

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2016-05-05

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 904118340X

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For upwards of thirty years EU and EFTA courts have been using a test for applying the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) 10 determine whether a state intervention amounts 10 granting of an economic advantage 10 a recipient undertaking. If the stale wishes 10 set as a commercial operator, it must comply with the MEIP. Unsurprisingly, the test remains a difficult and controversial legal instrument, and its very existence and credibility have been questioned. This book unravels the nation of the MEIP, analysing its applicability in order 10 clarify doubts and misinterpretations. Such an understanding is crucial because of the negative consequences of the test's misapplication, and also because the ongoing process of opening markets for more competition blurs the distinction between the public and private sectors. The analysis addresses such questions as the following; - What characterizes a 'prudent' investor? - When is it justified to consider a given public investor 'rational' or 'reasonable'? - How should too 'economic' or 'commercial soundness' of state interventions be understood? - What rate of return is required under the MEIP and how is it calculated? - When should the profitability analysis be undertaken and why? The author examines both the theory behind too principle and its practical application, with detailed attention to case law and the Commission's guidelines explaining the test's mechanism. Soo considers the various critiques of the test and concludes with proposals for change. Practitioners, policymakers, and academics will appreciate the great clarification offered of too MEIP - the character of an economic advantage under the MEIP and in aid scenarios, how to determine whether the MEIP is applicable 10 a given state measure, and how 10 apply the test according 10 its various subtypes and to atypical or complex interventions. They will find that too book's systematic analysis goes a long way to ensuring a credible and reliable assessment of the applicability of state aid under Article 107(1) TFEU.


Book Synopsis The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application by : Małgorzata Cyndecka

Download or read book The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application written by Małgorzata Cyndecka and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For upwards of thirty years EU and EFTA courts have been using a test for applying the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) 10 determine whether a state intervention amounts 10 granting of an economic advantage 10 a recipient undertaking. If the stale wishes 10 set as a commercial operator, it must comply with the MEIP. Unsurprisingly, the test remains a difficult and controversial legal instrument, and its very existence and credibility have been questioned. This book unravels the nation of the MEIP, analysing its applicability in order 10 clarify doubts and misinterpretations. Such an understanding is crucial because of the negative consequences of the test's misapplication, and also because the ongoing process of opening markets for more competition blurs the distinction between the public and private sectors. The analysis addresses such questions as the following; - What characterizes a 'prudent' investor? - When is it justified to consider a given public investor 'rational' or 'reasonable'? - How should too 'economic' or 'commercial soundness' of state interventions be understood? - What rate of return is required under the MEIP and how is it calculated? - When should the profitability analysis be undertaken and why? The author examines both the theory behind too principle and its practical application, with detailed attention to case law and the Commission's guidelines explaining the test's mechanism. Soo considers the various critiques of the test and concludes with proposals for change. Practitioners, policymakers, and academics will appreciate the great clarification offered of too MEIP - the character of an economic advantage under the MEIP and in aid scenarios, how to determine whether the MEIP is applicable 10 a given state measure, and how 10 apply the test according 10 its various subtypes and to atypical or complex interventions. They will find that too book's systematic analysis goes a long way to ensuring a credible and reliable assessment of the applicability of state aid under Article 107(1) TFEU.

After the Damages Directive

After the Damages Directive

Author: Andrea Biondi

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2022-01-11

Total Pages: 973

ISBN-13: 9403513101

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International Competition Law Series [ICLS], Volume 89 Designed to deter anticompetitive conduct and to ensure full compensation for loss and damage caused by competition infringements, the Antitrust Damages Directive has become a crucial factor in companies’ risk management planning. This first book of its kind offers a comparative overview, practical and authoritative, of the implementation and application of private enforcement rules in each EU Member State as well as in the post-Brexit United Kingdom, covering legislation and case law to date. For leading jurisdictions where practice is already well developed, there are more detailed chapters, with perspectives of judges, competition authorities, practitioners, and economists. The contributors – all experts in the use of EU competition law in their respective jurisdictions – cover the provisions of the Directive in detail, including the following: requirement of full compensation; rules preventing overcompensation; court’s power to estimate damages that cannot be precisely quantified; joint and several liability for infringing undertakings; coordination between public and private enforcement; provisions related to passing-on; certain rules on admissibility of evidence; rules on limitation periods; and consensual dispute resolution. In its detailed explanations of shared best practices and its highlighting of opportunities for convergence, the book provides much-needed insight into judicial practice and thinking, the economic approaches and strategies relevant to damages, and the coordination between public and private enforcement. These expert views will prove invaluable for practitioners wishing to see how the law and practice might evolve in their own jurisdictions, as well as into the problems that have arisen or might arise in the future.


Book Synopsis After the Damages Directive by : Andrea Biondi

Download or read book After the Damages Directive written by Andrea Biondi and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Competition Law Series [ICLS], Volume 89 Designed to deter anticompetitive conduct and to ensure full compensation for loss and damage caused by competition infringements, the Antitrust Damages Directive has become a crucial factor in companies’ risk management planning. This first book of its kind offers a comparative overview, practical and authoritative, of the implementation and application of private enforcement rules in each EU Member State as well as in the post-Brexit United Kingdom, covering legislation and case law to date. For leading jurisdictions where practice is already well developed, there are more detailed chapters, with perspectives of judges, competition authorities, practitioners, and economists. The contributors – all experts in the use of EU competition law in their respective jurisdictions – cover the provisions of the Directive in detail, including the following: requirement of full compensation; rules preventing overcompensation; court’s power to estimate damages that cannot be precisely quantified; joint and several liability for infringing undertakings; coordination between public and private enforcement; provisions related to passing-on; certain rules on admissibility of evidence; rules on limitation periods; and consensual dispute resolution. In its detailed explanations of shared best practices and its highlighting of opportunities for convergence, the book provides much-needed insight into judicial practice and thinking, the economic approaches and strategies relevant to damages, and the coordination between public and private enforcement. These expert views will prove invaluable for practitioners wishing to see how the law and practice might evolve in their own jurisdictions, as well as into the problems that have arisen or might arise in the future.

Trade Mark Law in Europe

Trade Mark Law in Europe

Author: Ulrich Hildebrandt

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2016-04-26

Total Pages: 546

ISBN-13: 9041162259

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Trade mark law practitioners agree that Ulrich Hildebrandt's Harmonized Trade Mark Law in Europe hugely enhances their work. This third edition, retitled Trade Mark Law in Europe, follows the same well known intensely practical, time-saving format, with each provision of current law (Directive 2015/2436) reproduced in its original English wording and annotated with relevant passages from all relevant decisions of the European Court of Justice, as well as relevant provisions of the Community Trade Mark Regulation and the national trade mark acts of all Member States implementing the Directive. The author's expert commentary on each provision expressly marks major changes to previous versions of the Directive, highlights when case law concerning a previous version remains relevant, and translates passages that lack an official English text. Among the fundamental questions addressed are the following: • When is it possible to register a geographical indication as a trademark? • Are colours and sounds capable of registration? • When may the reputation of a mark be invoked to protect it? • How mundane could a sign be and still claim to be distinctive? • When can it be said that there has been no genuine use of a trade mark? • Where does the Court's function theory influence the trademark law? Given a topic or keyword, appendices assist in the quick finding of any provision of the Directive and relevant case law. There is no other resource presenting the original wording of ECJ case law, broken down by specific point of law and directly related on an article-by-article basis to EU and Member State trade mark legislation. As a highly organized presentation of key information, this is an ideal initial tool that makes any research into European trade mark law fast and easy, whether for academic purposes or actual legal practice. Lawyers, in-house counsel, judges, and academics will all welcome this new edition.


Book Synopsis Trade Mark Law in Europe by : Ulrich Hildebrandt

Download or read book Trade Mark Law in Europe written by Ulrich Hildebrandt and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade mark law practitioners agree that Ulrich Hildebrandt's Harmonized Trade Mark Law in Europe hugely enhances their work. This third edition, retitled Trade Mark Law in Europe, follows the same well known intensely practical, time-saving format, with each provision of current law (Directive 2015/2436) reproduced in its original English wording and annotated with relevant passages from all relevant decisions of the European Court of Justice, as well as relevant provisions of the Community Trade Mark Regulation and the national trade mark acts of all Member States implementing the Directive. The author's expert commentary on each provision expressly marks major changes to previous versions of the Directive, highlights when case law concerning a previous version remains relevant, and translates passages that lack an official English text. Among the fundamental questions addressed are the following: • When is it possible to register a geographical indication as a trademark? • Are colours and sounds capable of registration? • When may the reputation of a mark be invoked to protect it? • How mundane could a sign be and still claim to be distinctive? • When can it be said that there has been no genuine use of a trade mark? • Where does the Court's function theory influence the trademark law? Given a topic or keyword, appendices assist in the quick finding of any provision of the Directive and relevant case law. There is no other resource presenting the original wording of ECJ case law, broken down by specific point of law and directly related on an article-by-article basis to EU and Member State trade mark legislation. As a highly organized presentation of key information, this is an ideal initial tool that makes any research into European trade mark law fast and easy, whether for academic purposes or actual legal practice. Lawyers, in-house counsel, judges, and academics will all welcome this new edition.