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Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania

Author: Joanna T. Tague

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-01-17

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13: 0429866275

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This book is the first study of displaced Mozambican men, women, and children—from refugees and asylum seekers to liberation leaders, students, and migrant workers—during the war for independence from Portugal (1964-1974). Throughout the war, two distinct communities of Mozambicans emerged. On the one hand, a minority of students and liberation leaders, congregated in Dar es Salaam and, on the other, the majority of Mozambicans, who settled in refugee camps. Joanna T. Tague attends to both these groups by juxtaposing the experiences of the two. Using a diverse range of archival materials and oral interviews, she argues that during decolonization the displaced acted as their own agents and strategized their own trajectories in exile. Compelling scholars to reconsider how governments, aid agencies, local citizens, and the displaced themselves defined, debated, and reconstituted what it meant to be a "refugee" in Africa during decolonization, this book ultimately shows how the state of being a refugee could be generative and productive, rather than simply debilitating and destructive. Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania will be invaluable for students and scholars of African and world contemporary history.

Book Synopsis Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania by : Joanna T. Tague

Download or read book Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania written by Joanna T. Tague and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first study of displaced Mozambican men, women, and children—from refugees and asylum seekers to liberation leaders, students, and migrant workers—during the war for independence from Portugal (1964-1974). Throughout the war, two distinct communities of Mozambicans emerged. On the one hand, a minority of students and liberation leaders, congregated in Dar es Salaam and, on the other, the majority of Mozambicans, who settled in refugee camps. Joanna T. Tague attends to both these groups by juxtaposing the experiences of the two. Using a diverse range of archival materials and oral interviews, she argues that during decolonization the displaced acted as their own agents and strategized their own trajectories in exile. Compelling scholars to reconsider how governments, aid agencies, local citizens, and the displaced themselves defined, debated, and reconstituted what it meant to be a "refugee" in Africa during decolonization, this book ultimately shows how the state of being a refugee could be generative and productive, rather than simply debilitating and destructive. Displaced Mozambicans in Postcolonial Tanzania will be invaluable for students and scholars of African and world contemporary history.

A War to Build the Nation

Author: Joanna Tague

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781267760104

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My dissertation examines the complex relationship between refugee settlement, rural development, and state sovereignty in post-colonial Africa. In 1964, Mozambique's war for independence from Portugal began, and tens of thousands of refugees fled northward to the independent state of Tanzania. Using archival and oral research, I examine the multiple ways that Mozambican refugees contributed to nation-building in southern Tanzania. I focus on three central themes--humanitarian relief aid, agrarian change, and borderlands--to demonstrate that Mozambican refugees played a critical role in supporting the Tanzanian state's policy of rural development through self-reliance. I argue that the establishment of Mozambican refugee settlements permanently altered the physical landscape of rural southern Tanzania. Refugee labor built roads, bridges, schools, health clinics, farms, and cooperatives throughout southern Tanzania, a region developmentally neglected by both colonial and nationalist government officials. I demonstrate that the post-colonial Tanzanian state recognized the arrival of Mozambican refugees as a development opportunity to be exploited. Moreover, the creation of refugee settlements enabled the Tanzanian government to centralize essential services--services that the newly independent state was finding difficult to offer its citizenry. I conclude that Mozambican refugee settlements thus served as precursors to the Tanzanian state's policy of rural socialist development, or Ujamaa. Mozambique's war for independence also prompted the Tanzanian state to harden its once-fluid southern border. The Tanzanian government feared possible Portuguese incursions across the border, and sought to defend the nation's territorial integrity. The Tanzanian state labeled villages throughout the south "defense" villages and armed citizens so they could protect the southern border from potential Portuguese aggression. I argue that while Mozambican refugees worked on expanding both the infrastructure and agricultural productivity of the rural south, local Tanzanian citizens lived in a constant state of fear. Historians have both benefited from and contributed to the growing body of interdisciplinary research on refugee migration, settlement, and repatriation. Yet refugees themselves are often the central focus, particularly their social, economic, or political experiences while in exile. The long-term environmental impact of refugee settlement on rural development and nation-building in host communities has received less attention. The influx of Mozambican refugees into southern Tanzania in the 1960s and 1970s serves as historical example of how nascent states respond to humanitarian crises. My analysis of refugee settlements in post-colonial Africa reveals two underexplored facets of the Tanzanian state at this point in time: one, as capturing the labor of refugees to promote rural development broadly, and two, as relying on historically neglected regions to secure borders and, thereby, defend the nation.

Book Synopsis A War to Build the Nation by : Joanna Tague

Download or read book A War to Build the Nation written by Joanna Tague and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation examines the complex relationship between refugee settlement, rural development, and state sovereignty in post-colonial Africa. In 1964, Mozambique's war for independence from Portugal began, and tens of thousands of refugees fled northward to the independent state of Tanzania. Using archival and oral research, I examine the multiple ways that Mozambican refugees contributed to nation-building in southern Tanzania. I focus on three central themes--humanitarian relief aid, agrarian change, and borderlands--to demonstrate that Mozambican refugees played a critical role in supporting the Tanzanian state's policy of rural development through self-reliance. I argue that the establishment of Mozambican refugee settlements permanently altered the physical landscape of rural southern Tanzania. Refugee labor built roads, bridges, schools, health clinics, farms, and cooperatives throughout southern Tanzania, a region developmentally neglected by both colonial and nationalist government officials. I demonstrate that the post-colonial Tanzanian state recognized the arrival of Mozambican refugees as a development opportunity to be exploited. Moreover, the creation of refugee settlements enabled the Tanzanian government to centralize essential services--services that the newly independent state was finding difficult to offer its citizenry. I conclude that Mozambican refugee settlements thus served as precursors to the Tanzanian state's policy of rural socialist development, or Ujamaa. Mozambique's war for independence also prompted the Tanzanian state to harden its once-fluid southern border. The Tanzanian government feared possible Portuguese incursions across the border, and sought to defend the nation's territorial integrity. The Tanzanian state labeled villages throughout the south "defense" villages and armed citizens so they could protect the southern border from potential Portuguese aggression. I argue that while Mozambican refugees worked on expanding both the infrastructure and agricultural productivity of the rural south, local Tanzanian citizens lived in a constant state of fear. Historians have both benefited from and contributed to the growing body of interdisciplinary research on refugee migration, settlement, and repatriation. Yet refugees themselves are often the central focus, particularly their social, economic, or political experiences while in exile. The long-term environmental impact of refugee settlement on rural development and nation-building in host communities has received less attention. The influx of Mozambican refugees into southern Tanzania in the 1960s and 1970s serves as historical example of how nascent states respond to humanitarian crises. My analysis of refugee settlements in post-colonial Africa reveals two underexplored facets of the Tanzanian state at this point in time: one, as capturing the labor of refugees to promote rural development broadly, and two, as relying on historically neglected regions to secure borders and, thereby, defend the nation.

Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa

Author: Chris Saunders

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2023-04-26

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 311078775X

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It is now widely recognised that a Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that were shaped through the movement of individuals and ideas from Africa to the "East" and from the "East" to Africa in the decades in which African countries moved to independence. Adopting an interdisciplinary, transregional perspective, this volume casts new light on aspects of the role of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the decolonisation of Africa. Taking further themes explored in a collection of essays published by the editors in 2019, the twelve case studies by authors from South Africa, Czech Republic, Portugal, Russia, Hungary, Italy, Canada, Serbia, and Germany draw on new sources to explore the history of the ties that existed between African liberation movements and the socialist bloc, some of which continue to influence relationships today. Chapters contribute to three relevant main themes that resonate in a number of scholarly fields of inquiry, ranging from Global Studies, Transregional Studies, Cold War Studies, (Global) History to African Studies, Eastern European, Russian and Slavic Studies: Reconsiderations, Resources, and Reverberations. Drawing upon newly opened archives and combining transregional perspectives with sources in different languages, chapters explicitly point out the shortcomings of past research and debates in the respective field. They highlight new avenues which have been developing and which need to be further developed (Reconsiderations). Selected case studies address the resources of those being active and involved in decolonisation processes, be it in East, North, West and South. They reveal: Which resources (both material and intellectual) are the actors drawing upon? On the other hand: From which resources are individuals on one side or the other reciprocally or intermittently (intentionally) kept away? (Resources). Finally, the third theme puts an emphasis on the historicity of the processes depicted. Studies point to the gaps and dead ends of international support, the paths that peter out, but also to repercussions and reverberations up until today. (Reverberations) Taken these three themes together, the individual chapters contribute to the overall question of: Which general historical narratives about the second half of the 20th century are changing based on these new research findings?

Book Synopsis Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa by : Chris Saunders

Download or read book Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa written by Chris Saunders and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely recognised that a Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that were shaped through the movement of individuals and ideas from Africa to the "East" and from the "East" to Africa in the decades in which African countries moved to independence. Adopting an interdisciplinary, transregional perspective, this volume casts new light on aspects of the role of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the decolonisation of Africa. Taking further themes explored in a collection of essays published by the editors in 2019, the twelve case studies by authors from South Africa, Czech Republic, Portugal, Russia, Hungary, Italy, Canada, Serbia, and Germany draw on new sources to explore the history of the ties that existed between African liberation movements and the socialist bloc, some of which continue to influence relationships today. Chapters contribute to three relevant main themes that resonate in a number of scholarly fields of inquiry, ranging from Global Studies, Transregional Studies, Cold War Studies, (Global) History to African Studies, Eastern European, Russian and Slavic Studies: Reconsiderations, Resources, and Reverberations. Drawing upon newly opened archives and combining transregional perspectives with sources in different languages, chapters explicitly point out the shortcomings of past research and debates in the respective field. They highlight new avenues which have been developing and which need to be further developed (Reconsiderations). Selected case studies address the resources of those being active and involved in decolonisation processes, be it in East, North, West and South. They reveal: Which resources (both material and intellectual) are the actors drawing upon? On the other hand: From which resources are individuals on one side or the other reciprocally or intermittently (intentionally) kept away? (Resources). Finally, the third theme puts an emphasis on the historicity of the processes depicted. Studies point to the gaps and dead ends of international support, the paths that peter out, but also to repercussions and reverberations up until today. (Reverberations) Taken these three themes together, the individual chapters contribute to the overall question of: Which general historical narratives about the second half of the 20th century are changing based on these new research findings?

Women’s Lived Landscapes of War and Liberation in Mozambique

Author: Jonna Katto

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-11-11

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 1000701158

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This book tells the history of the changing gendered landscapes of northern Mozambique from the perspective of women who fought in the armed struggle for national independence, diverting from the often-told narrative of women in nationalist wars that emphasizes a linear plot of liberation. Taking a novel approach in focusing on the body, senses, and landscape, Jonna Katto, through a study of the women ex-combatants’ lived landscapes, shows how their life trajectories unfold as nonlinear spatial histories. This brings into focus the women’s shifting and multilayered negotiations for personal space and belonging. This book explores the life memories of the now aging female ex-combatants in the province of Niassa in northern Mozambique, looking at how the female ex-combatants’ experiences of living in these northern landscapes have shaped their sense of socio-spatial belonging and attachment. It builds on the premise that individual embodied memory cannot be separated from social memory; personal lives are culturally shaped. Thus, the book does not only tell the history of a small and rather unique group of women but also speaks about wider cultural histories of body-landscape relations in northern Mozambique and especially changes in those relations. Enriching our understanding of the gendered history of the liberation struggle in Mozambique and informing broader discussions on gender and nationalism, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of African history, especially the colonial and postcolonial history of Lusophone Africa, as well as gender/women’s history and peace and conflict studies.

Book Synopsis Women’s Lived Landscapes of War and Liberation in Mozambique by : Jonna Katto

Download or read book Women’s Lived Landscapes of War and Liberation in Mozambique written by Jonna Katto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the history of the changing gendered landscapes of northern Mozambique from the perspective of women who fought in the armed struggle for national independence, diverting from the often-told narrative of women in nationalist wars that emphasizes a linear plot of liberation. Taking a novel approach in focusing on the body, senses, and landscape, Jonna Katto, through a study of the women ex-combatants’ lived landscapes, shows how their life trajectories unfold as nonlinear spatial histories. This brings into focus the women’s shifting and multilayered negotiations for personal space and belonging. This book explores the life memories of the now aging female ex-combatants in the province of Niassa in northern Mozambique, looking at how the female ex-combatants’ experiences of living in these northern landscapes have shaped their sense of socio-spatial belonging and attachment. It builds on the premise that individual embodied memory cannot be separated from social memory; personal lives are culturally shaped. Thus, the book does not only tell the history of a small and rather unique group of women but also speaks about wider cultural histories of body-landscape relations in northern Mozambique and especially changes in those relations. Enriching our understanding of the gendered history of the liberation struggle in Mozambique and informing broader discussions on gender and nationalism, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of African history, especially the colonial and postcolonial history of Lusophone Africa, as well as gender/women’s history and peace and conflict studies.

Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam

Author: George Roberts

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-10-31

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 1009281658

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Book Synopsis Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam by : George Roberts

Download or read book Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam written by George Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Protestant Missionaries and Humanitarianism in the DRC

Author: Jeremy Rich

Publisher: Boydell & Brewer

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1847012582

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A significant contribution to the history of humanitarianism, Christianity and the politics of aid in Africa.

Book Synopsis Protestant Missionaries and Humanitarianism in the DRC by : Jeremy Rich

Download or read book Protestant Missionaries and Humanitarianism in the DRC written by Jeremy Rich and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2020 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant contribution to the history of humanitarianism, Christianity and the politics of aid in Africa.

Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’

Author: Lena Dallywater

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2019-06-17

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 3110639386

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In the global context of the Cold War, the relationship between liberation movements and Eastern European states obviously changed and transformed. Similarly, forms of (material) aid and (ideological) encouragement underwent changes over time. The articles assembled in this volume argue that the traditional Cold War geography of bi-polar competition with the United States is not sufficient to fully grasp these transformations. The question of which side of the ideological divide was more successful (or lucky) in impacting actors and societies in the global south is still relevant, yet the Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that exists until today. Acknowledging the complexities of liberation movements in globalization processes, the papers thus argue that activities need to be understood in their local context, including personal agendas and internal conflicts, rather than relying primarily on the traditional frame of Cold War competition. They point to the agency of individual activists in both "Africa" and "Eastern Europe" and the lessons, practices and languages that were derived from their often contradictory encounters. In Southern African Liberation Movements, authors from South Africa, Portugal, Austria and Germany ask: What role did actors in both Southern Africa and Eastern Europe play? What can we learn by looking at biographies in a time of increasing racial and international conflict? And which "creative solutions" need to be found, to combine efforts of actors from various ideological camps? Building on archival sources from various regions in different languages, case studies presented in the edition try to encounter the lack of a coherent state of the art. They aim at combining the sometimes scarce sources with qualitative interviews to give answers to the many open questions regarding Southern African liberation movements and their connections to the "East".

Book Synopsis Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’ by : Lena Dallywater

Download or read book Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’ written by Lena Dallywater and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the global context of the Cold War, the relationship between liberation movements and Eastern European states obviously changed and transformed. Similarly, forms of (material) aid and (ideological) encouragement underwent changes over time. The articles assembled in this volume argue that the traditional Cold War geography of bi-polar competition with the United States is not sufficient to fully grasp these transformations. The question of which side of the ideological divide was more successful (or lucky) in impacting actors and societies in the global south is still relevant, yet the Cold War perspective falls short in unfolding the complex geographies of connections and the multipolarity of actions and transactions that exists until today. Acknowledging the complexities of liberation movements in globalization processes, the papers thus argue that activities need to be understood in their local context, including personal agendas and internal conflicts, rather than relying primarily on the traditional frame of Cold War competition. They point to the agency of individual activists in both "Africa" and "Eastern Europe" and the lessons, practices and languages that were derived from their often contradictory encounters. In Southern African Liberation Movements, authors from South Africa, Portugal, Austria and Germany ask: What role did actors in both Southern Africa and Eastern Europe play? What can we learn by looking at biographies in a time of increasing racial and international conflict? And which "creative solutions" need to be found, to combine efforts of actors from various ideological camps? Building on archival sources from various regions in different languages, case studies presented in the edition try to encounter the lack of a coherent state of the art. They aim at combining the sometimes scarce sources with qualitative interviews to give answers to the many open questions regarding Southern African liberation movements and their connections to the "East".

Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa

Author: Duncan Money

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-02-12

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 100003254X

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This book showcases new research by emerging and established scholars on white workers and the white poor in Southern Africa. Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa challenges the geographical and chronological limitations of existing scholarship by presenting case studies from Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe that track the fortunes of nonhegemonic whites during the era of white minority rule. Arguing against prevalent understandings of white society as uniformly wealthy or culturally homogeneous during this period, it demonstrates that social class remained a salient element throughout the twentieth century, how Southern Africa’s white societies were often divided and riven with tension and how the resulting social, political and economic complexities animated white minority regimes in the region. Addressing themes such as the class-based disruption of racial norms and practices, state surveillance and interventions – and their failures – towards nonhegemonic whites, and the opportunities and limitations of physical and social mobility, the book mounts a forceful argument for the regional consideration of white societies in this historical context. Centrally, it extends the path-breaking insights emanating from scholarship on racialized class identities from North America to the African context to argue that race and class cannot be considered independently in Southern Africa. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of southern African studies, African history, and the history of race.

Book Synopsis Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa by : Duncan Money

Download or read book Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa written by Duncan Money and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases new research by emerging and established scholars on white workers and the white poor in Southern Africa. Rethinking White Societies in Southern Africa challenges the geographical and chronological limitations of existing scholarship by presenting case studies from Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe that track the fortunes of nonhegemonic whites during the era of white minority rule. Arguing against prevalent understandings of white society as uniformly wealthy or culturally homogeneous during this period, it demonstrates that social class remained a salient element throughout the twentieth century, how Southern Africa’s white societies were often divided and riven with tension and how the resulting social, political and economic complexities animated white minority regimes in the region. Addressing themes such as the class-based disruption of racial norms and practices, state surveillance and interventions – and their failures – towards nonhegemonic whites, and the opportunities and limitations of physical and social mobility, the book mounts a forceful argument for the regional consideration of white societies in this historical context. Centrally, it extends the path-breaking insights emanating from scholarship on racialized class identities from North America to the African context to argue that race and class cannot be considered independently in Southern Africa. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of southern African studies, African history, and the history of race.

Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa

Author: Lorena Rizzo

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-09-16

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0429800045

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This book studies the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa, using a series of encounters with Southern African photographic archives to reflect on photography as a distinct historical form. Through use of private and public archives, images produced by African itinerant photographers, white settlers, and colonial state institutions, this book explores the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa. Late nineteenth century Cape Colonial prison albums, police photographs from German Southwest Africa, African studio portraits, identity documents, travel permits and passports from the 1920s and 1930s, visual studies of whiteness and blackness authored by settler photographers, South African dompas photographs from the 1950s and 1960s, and aerial photography from the Eastern Cape in the mid-twentieth century are examined to highlight the ways in which photographic images cut across conventional institutional boundaries and complicate rigid distinctions between the private and the public, the political and the aesthetic, the colonial and the vernacular, or the subject and the object. Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa argues that rather than understanding photographs as a means of preserving and recreating the past in the present, we can value them for how they evoke at once the need for and the limits of historical reconstruction. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of colonial history, photographic history, visual media, and African studies.

Book Synopsis Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa by : Lorena Rizzo

Download or read book Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa written by Lorena Rizzo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa, using a series of encounters with Southern African photographic archives to reflect on photography as a distinct historical form. Through use of private and public archives, images produced by African itinerant photographers, white settlers, and colonial state institutions, this book explores the relationship between photography and history in colonial Southern Africa. Late nineteenth century Cape Colonial prison albums, police photographs from German Southwest Africa, African studio portraits, identity documents, travel permits and passports from the 1920s and 1930s, visual studies of whiteness and blackness authored by settler photographers, South African dompas photographs from the 1950s and 1960s, and aerial photography from the Eastern Cape in the mid-twentieth century are examined to highlight the ways in which photographic images cut across conventional institutional boundaries and complicate rigid distinctions between the private and the public, the political and the aesthetic, the colonial and the vernacular, or the subject and the object. Photography and History in Colonial Southern Africa argues that rather than understanding photographs as a means of preserving and recreating the past in the present, we can value them for how they evoke at once the need for and the limits of historical reconstruction. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of colonial history, photographic history, visual media, and African studies.