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Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
End Points for spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russian and the United States provides an analysis of the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and the United States, describing inventories, comparing approaches, and assessing the end-point options for storage and disposal of materials and wastes. The authoring committee finds that despite differences in philosophy about nuclear fuel cycles, Russia and the United States need similar kinds of facilities and face similar challenges, although in Russia many of the problems are worse and funding is less available. This book contains recommendations for immediate and near-term actions, for example, protecting and stabilizing materials that are security and safety hazards, actions for the longer term, such as developing more interim storage capacity and studying effects of deep injection, and areas for collaboration.
Book Synopsis End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-12 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: End Points for spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russian and the United States provides an analysis of the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and the United States, describing inventories, comparing approaches, and assessing the end-point options for storage and disposal of materials and wastes. The authoring committee finds that despite differences in philosophy about nuclear fuel cycles, Russia and the United States need similar kinds of facilities and face similar challenges, although in Russia many of the problems are worse and funding is less available. This book contains recommendations for immediate and near-term actions, for example, protecting and stabilizing materials that are security and safety hazards, actions for the longer term, such as developing more interim storage capacity and studying effects of deep injection, and areas for collaboration.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Weapons-grade Plutonium by : CSIS Senior Policy Panel on the Safe, Timely, and Effective Disposition of Surplus U.S. and Russian Weapons-Grade Plutonium
Download or read book Disposing of Weapons-grade Plutonium written by CSIS Senior Policy Panel on the Safe, Timely, and Effective Disposition of Surplus U.S. and Russian Weapons-Grade Plutonium and published by CSIS. This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
First published in 1997, this volume observes that of all the materials, systems and facilities that designed and operated nuclear weapons, the most readily available assets for reuse are often identified as the highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium from warheads. However, proliferation concerns the reuse of much of this material unlikely. This book explores the economic issues surrounding the major expenditures facing the US as it attempts to dispose of weapon-grade nuclear materials in a proliferation-resistant manner. The book discusses the economic values of plutonium and HEU, the economic nature of the nuclear industry, reprocessing and operations costs, the economics of ‘burning’ plutonium to generate electrical power, the economics of down-blending and ‘burning’ HEU, military conversion as a rationale for selecting plutonium disposition options, the economics of transmutation, and the economics of other proposals ranging from monitored surface storage to vitrification. The book concludes by identifying the major cost drivers affecting all disposition options.
Book Synopsis Regaining Security by : William J. Weida
Download or read book Regaining Security written by William J. Weida and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997, this volume observes that of all the materials, systems and facilities that designed and operated nuclear weapons, the most readily available assets for reuse are often identified as the highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium from warheads. However, proliferation concerns the reuse of much of this material unlikely. This book explores the economic issues surrounding the major expenditures facing the US as it attempts to dispose of weapon-grade nuclear materials in a proliferation-resistant manner. The book discusses the economic values of plutonium and HEU, the economic nature of the nuclear industry, reprocessing and operations costs, the economics of ‘burning’ plutonium to generate electrical power, the economics of down-blending and ‘burning’ HEU, military conversion as a rationale for selecting plutonium disposition options, the economics of transmutation, and the economics of other proposals ranging from monitored surface storage to vitrification. The book concludes by identifying the major cost drivers affecting all disposition options.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Excerpt from Disposing of Plutonium in Russia: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, March 9, 1993 Chairman Glenn. The hearing will come to order. I must apologize because I don't like to start a hearing late. We have taken great pride this year in starting our hearings on time, almost right on the minute. Unfortunately, I had an appointment with the secretary of one of the departments in town this morning, and the meeting went a little bit too long. I hope everybody got the word that I would be a little bit late. Our hearing this morning on disposing of plutonium in Russia is a very timely one. What Russia does with its bomb-grade material after dismantlement currently poses the world's greatest proliferation threat. With the Russian economy in shambles, there is a real possibility that this weapons material would be sold or smuggled onto the worldwide nuclear black market. If you consider that the main reason Iraq did not have a nuclear weapon is because it lacked the necessary plutonium or highly-enriched uranium called Heu. That was all they lacked, just the fissile material. The prospect of 600 tons of this material floating around the world is frightening. It is in America's best interest to keep a close eye on and offer assistance to Russia as it disposes of this material. Throughout my Senate career, and especially my work on this Governmental Affairs Committee, I have worked to put an end to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Russian dismantlement of over 25,000 nuclear weapons and what is done with bomb-grade material must be at the top of our nonproliferation efforts. As the former Soviet Union was collapsing, two of our colleagues. Senator Sam Nunn and Senator Dick Lugar, realized that our former enemy would need some assistance in destroying the very weapons that still threaten us. As a former member of the military, I certainly realize that a dangerous enemy is one who has both bad intentions and good military forces. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States; Congress; Senate; Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States; Congress; Senate; Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-27 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Disposing of Plutonium in Russia: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, March 9, 1993 Chairman Glenn. The hearing will come to order. I must apologize because I don't like to start a hearing late. We have taken great pride this year in starting our hearings on time, almost right on the minute. Unfortunately, I had an appointment with the secretary of one of the departments in town this morning, and the meeting went a little bit too long. I hope everybody got the word that I would be a little bit late. Our hearing this morning on disposing of plutonium in Russia is a very timely one. What Russia does with its bomb-grade material after dismantlement currently poses the world's greatest proliferation threat. With the Russian economy in shambles, there is a real possibility that this weapons material would be sold or smuggled onto the worldwide nuclear black market. If you consider that the main reason Iraq did not have a nuclear weapon is because it lacked the necessary plutonium or highly-enriched uranium called Heu. That was all they lacked, just the fissile material. The prospect of 600 tons of this material floating around the world is frightening. It is in America's best interest to keep a close eye on and offer assistance to Russia as it disposes of this material. Throughout my Senate career, and especially my work on this Governmental Affairs Committee, I have worked to put an end to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Russian dismantlement of over 25,000 nuclear weapons and what is done with bomb-grade material must be at the top of our nonproliferation efforts. As the former Soviet Union was collapsing, two of our colleagues. Senator Sam Nunn and Senator Dick Lugar, realized that our former enemy would need some assistance in destroying the very weapons that still threaten us. As a former member of the military, I certainly realize that a dangerous enemy is one who has both bad intentions and good military forces. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States. Congress. Senate Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States. Congress. Senate Affairs and published by Hardpress Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Excerpt from Disposing of Plutonium in Russia: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, March 9, 1993 For the past two decades, the Governmental Affairs Committee has carried out oversight hearings on proliferation threats and has written public laws on nuclear export criteria, such as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act, going back as far as 1978. With this back ground, the Governmental Affairs Committee will today examine the disposition of some 500 tons of highly-enriched uranium and 100 tons of plutonium extracted from weapons of the former Soviet Union. Since a nuclear weapon can be made with mere kilograms of these materials, a loss of less than 100th of a percent of these 600 tons could enable a Saddam Hussein, for instance, to make a nuclear weapon. The uranium part of the fissile stockpile can be addressed much more easily than plutonium because it can be diluted with natural uranium and used as reactor fuel. On February 18th, General Burns and Minister Mikhailov signed a u.s.-russian joint agree ment to do this, but the price on the 500 tons of heu has not yet been set, and this is one of several uncertainties which we want to explore today. Plutonium cannot be diluted or modified to prevent its use in weapons. In addition, except for weapons use, it is generally agreed that plutonium is a financial burden. It is more expensive to use than uranium, and it is difficult to protect and to monitor. In order to address these problems, the u.s. And Russia have agreed to design a large storage facility which could be located near the town of Tomsk. This probably is the best near-term solu tion available to us, but I am concerned for the longer term. The Russians have stated they want to move to a plutonium economy, with a new reprocessing plant and new breeder reactors. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States Congress Senate Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States Congress Senate Affairs and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Disposing of Plutonium in Russia: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, March 9, 1993 For the past two decades, the Governmental Affairs Committee has carried out oversight hearings on proliferation threats and has written public laws on nuclear export criteria, such as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act, going back as far as 1978. With this back ground, the Governmental Affairs Committee will today examine the disposition of some 500 tons of highly-enriched uranium and 100 tons of plutonium extracted from weapons of the former Soviet Union. Since a nuclear weapon can be made with mere kilograms of these materials, a loss of less than 100th of a percent of these 600 tons could enable a Saddam Hussein, for instance, to make a nuclear weapon. The uranium part of the fissile stockpile can be addressed much more easily than plutonium because it can be diluted with natural uranium and used as reactor fuel. On February 18th, General Burns and Minister Mikhailov signed a u.s.-russian joint agree ment to do this, but the price on the 500 tons of heu has not yet been set, and this is one of several uncertainties which we want to explore today. Plutonium cannot be diluted or modified to prevent its use in weapons. In addition, except for weapons use, it is generally agreed that plutonium is a financial burden. It is more expensive to use than uranium, and it is difficult to protect and to monitor. In order to address these problems, the u.s. And Russia have agreed to design a large storage facility which could be located near the town of Tomsk. This probably is the best near-term solu tion available to us, but I am concerned for the longer term. The Russians have stated they want to move to a plutonium economy, with a new reprocessing plant and new breeder reactors. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Disposing of Plutonium in Russia by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Download or read book Disposing of Plutonium in Russia written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The issue of what to do with excess fissile materials from dismantled nuclear weapons has been discussed for a number of years. The options or alternatives commanding the most attention were identified by the American National Academy of Sciences. For plutonium these options are: (1) the fabrication and use of mixed-oxide (MOX) reactor fuel followed by the disposal of the spent fuel, or (2) vitrification (immobilization) of plutonium combined with highly radioactive material followed by direct disposal. The Academy report also identified the alternative of disposal in a deep borehole as requiring further study before being eliminated or accepted. The report emphasized security of nuclear materials as a principal factor in considering management and disposition decisions. Security of materials is particularly important in the near term-now-long before ultimate disposition can be accomplished. The MOX option was the subject of a NATO workshop held at Obninsk, Russia in October 1994. Hence this paper does not deal with the MOX alternative in detail. It deals with the following: materials protection, control, and accounting (MPC & A) for immobilization and disposal; the immobilization vs MOX alternatives; the security of disposed plutonium; the need to demonstrate MTC & A for plutonium disposition; and, finally, a recommended investment to quickly and inexpensively improve the protection of fissile materials in Russia. It is the author's view that near-term management is of overriding importance. That is, with respect to the ultimate disposition of excess nuclear materials, how we get there is more important than where we are going.
Book Synopsis MPC & A for Plutonium Disposition in the Russian Federation by :
Download or read book MPC & A for Plutonium Disposition in the Russian Federation written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of what to do with excess fissile materials from dismantled nuclear weapons has been discussed for a number of years. The options or alternatives commanding the most attention were identified by the American National Academy of Sciences. For plutonium these options are: (1) the fabrication and use of mixed-oxide (MOX) reactor fuel followed by the disposal of the spent fuel, or (2) vitrification (immobilization) of plutonium combined with highly radioactive material followed by direct disposal. The Academy report also identified the alternative of disposal in a deep borehole as requiring further study before being eliminated or accepted. The report emphasized security of nuclear materials as a principal factor in considering management and disposition decisions. Security of materials is particularly important in the near term-now-long before ultimate disposition can be accomplished. The MOX option was the subject of a NATO workshop held at Obninsk, Russia in October 1994. Hence this paper does not deal with the MOX alternative in detail. It deals with the following: materials protection, control, and accounting (MPC & A) for immobilization and disposal; the immobilization vs MOX alternatives; the security of disposed plutonium; the need to demonstrate MTC & A for plutonium disposition; and, finally, a recommended investment to quickly and inexpensively improve the protection of fissile materials in Russia. It is the author's view that near-term management is of overriding importance. That is, with respect to the ultimate disposition of excess nuclear materials, how we get there is more important than where we are going.
