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Dogwhistles and Figleaves

Author: Jennifer Mather Saul

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2024-01-09

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 0192699776

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Pinpoints how "dogwhistles" and "figleaves," two kinds of linguistic trick, distort political discourse and normalize racism It is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which such changes—both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech—have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role. Some dogwhistles (such as "88", used by Nazis online to mean "Heil Hitler") serve to disguise messages that would otherwise be rejected as unacceptable, allowing them to be transmitted surreptitiously. Other dogwhistles (like the 1988 "Willie Horton" ad) work by influencing people in ways that they are not aware of, and which they would likely reject were they aware. Figleaves (such as "just asking questions") take messages that could easily be recognized as unacceptable, and provide just enough cover that people become more willing to accept them. Saul argues that these devices are important for the spread of racist discourse. She also shows how they contribute to the transmission of norm-violating discourse more generally, focusing on the case of wildly implausible conspiracist speech. Together, these devices have both exploited and widened existing divisions in society, and normalized racist and conspiracist speech. This book is the first full-length exploration of dogwhistles and figleaves. It offers an illuminating and disturbing view of the workings of contemporary political discourse.

Book Synopsis Dogwhistles and Figleaves by : Jennifer Mather Saul

Download or read book Dogwhistles and Figleaves written by Jennifer Mather Saul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-09 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pinpoints how "dogwhistles" and "figleaves," two kinds of linguistic trick, distort political discourse and normalize racism It is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which such changes—both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech—have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role. Some dogwhistles (such as "88", used by Nazis online to mean "Heil Hitler") serve to disguise messages that would otherwise be rejected as unacceptable, allowing them to be transmitted surreptitiously. Other dogwhistles (like the 1988 "Willie Horton" ad) work by influencing people in ways that they are not aware of, and which they would likely reject were they aware. Figleaves (such as "just asking questions") take messages that could easily be recognized as unacceptable, and provide just enough cover that people become more willing to accept them. Saul argues that these devices are important for the spread of racist discourse. She also shows how they contribute to the transmission of norm-violating discourse more generally, focusing on the case of wildly implausible conspiracist speech. Together, these devices have both exploited and widened existing divisions in society, and normalized racist and conspiracist speech. This book is the first full-length exploration of dogwhistles and figleaves. It offers an illuminating and disturbing view of the workings of contemporary political discourse.

Dogwhistles and Figleaves

Author:

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2024-02-08

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 0192871757

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Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist, and accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Jennifer Saul shows how two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role in this, and have exploited and widened existing divisions in society.

Book Synopsis Dogwhistles and Figleaves by :

Download or read book Dogwhistles and Figleaves written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-08 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist, and accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Jennifer Saul shows how two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role in this, and have exploited and widened existing divisions in society.

Sex Matters

Author: Holly Lawford-Smith

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2023-07-06

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 0192649507

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Sex Matters addresses a cluster of related questions that arise from the conflict of interests between rights based on sex and rights based on gender identity. Some of these questions are theoretical, including: who has the more ambitious vision for women's liberation, gender-critical feminists or proponents of gender identity? How does each understand what gender is? What are the arguments for the refrain that 'trans women are women!', and do they succeed? Other questions taken up in the book are more applied to specific issues in law and policy including: should there be a right to exclude people who are biologically male from women-only spaces? How do the interests of all stakeholders to bathrooms, in particular, trade off when it comes to moving from sex to gender identity as the basis for self-inclusion? If we think about types of transition, or gatekeeping requirements on transition, as providing assurance to women who are asked to accept the opening up of women-only spaces to transwomen, are any such assurances sufficient? Is 'TERF' a slur, as some radical and gender-critical feminists have claimed? And finally, is gender-critical speech 'hate speech', as it has been classified by some social media platforms, or at least harmful speech? Holly Lawford-Smith discusses these issues in a series of essays, all but one of them previously unpublished. She takes an analytic philosophical approach to these issues, drawing on ideas from political philosophy, philosophy of biology, and philosophy of language, as well as second-wave feminist theory and empirical literature, to defend a gender-critical position in response to all of these questions.

Book Synopsis Sex Matters by : Holly Lawford-Smith

Download or read book Sex Matters written by Holly Lawford-Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex Matters addresses a cluster of related questions that arise from the conflict of interests between rights based on sex and rights based on gender identity. Some of these questions are theoretical, including: who has the more ambitious vision for women's liberation, gender-critical feminists or proponents of gender identity? How does each understand what gender is? What are the arguments for the refrain that 'trans women are women!', and do they succeed? Other questions taken up in the book are more applied to specific issues in law and policy including: should there be a right to exclude people who are biologically male from women-only spaces? How do the interests of all stakeholders to bathrooms, in particular, trade off when it comes to moving from sex to gender identity as the basis for self-inclusion? If we think about types of transition, or gatekeeping requirements on transition, as providing assurance to women who are asked to accept the opening up of women-only spaces to transwomen, are any such assurances sufficient? Is 'TERF' a slur, as some radical and gender-critical feminists have claimed? And finally, is gender-critical speech 'hate speech', as it has been classified by some social media platforms, or at least harmful speech? Holly Lawford-Smith discusses these issues in a series of essays, all but one of them previously unpublished. She takes an analytic philosophical approach to these issues, drawing on ideas from political philosophy, philosophy of biology, and philosophy of language, as well as second-wave feminist theory and empirical literature, to defend a gender-critical position in response to all of these questions.

Arguing for a Better World

Author: Arianne Shahvisi

Publisher: Penguin

Published: 2023-07-18

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 0525508333

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Is it sexist to say that “men are trash”? Can white people be victims of racism? Do we bear any individual responsibility for climate change? We’ve all wrestled with questions like these, whether we’re shouting at a relative across the dinner table, quarreling with old classmates on social media, or chatting late into the night with friends. Many people give kneejerk answers that roughly align with their broader belief system, but flounder when asked for their reasoning, leading to a conversational stalemate—especially when faced with a political, generational, or cultural divide. The truth is that our answers to these questions almost always rely on unexamined assumptions. In Arguing for a Better World, philosopher Arianne Shahvisi shows us how to work through thorny moral questions by examining their parts in broad daylight, equipping us to not only identify our own positions but to defend them as well. This book demonstrates the relevance of philosophy to our everyday lives, and offers some clear-eyed tools to those who want to learn how to better fight for justice and liberation for all.

Book Synopsis Arguing for a Better World by : Arianne Shahvisi

Download or read book Arguing for a Better World written by Arianne Shahvisi and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it sexist to say that “men are trash”? Can white people be victims of racism? Do we bear any individual responsibility for climate change? We’ve all wrestled with questions like these, whether we’re shouting at a relative across the dinner table, quarreling with old classmates on social media, or chatting late into the night with friends. Many people give kneejerk answers that roughly align with their broader belief system, but flounder when asked for their reasoning, leading to a conversational stalemate—especially when faced with a political, generational, or cultural divide. The truth is that our answers to these questions almost always rely on unexamined assumptions. In Arguing for a Better World, philosopher Arianne Shahvisi shows us how to work through thorny moral questions by examining their parts in broad daylight, equipping us to not only identify our own positions but to defend them as well. This book demonstrates the relevance of philosophy to our everyday lives, and offers some clear-eyed tools to those who want to learn how to better fight for justice and liberation for all.

The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language

Author: Justin Khoo

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-04-21

Total Pages: 570

ISBN-13: 1000375498

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This Handbook brings together philosophical work on how language shapes, and is shaped by, social and political factors. Its 24 chapters were written exclusively for this volume by an international team of leading researchers, and together they provide a broad expert introduction to the major issues currently under discussion in this area. The volume is divided into four parts: Part I: Methodological and Foundational Issues Part II: Non-ideal Semantics and Pragmatics Part III: Linguistic Harms Part IV: Applications The parts, and chapters in each part, are introduced in the volume’s General Introduction. A list of Works Cited concludes each chapter, pointing readers to further areas of study. The Handbook is the first major, multi-authored reference work in this growing area and essential reading for anyone interested in the nature of language and its relationship to social and political reality.

Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language by : Justin Khoo

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language written by Justin Khoo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook brings together philosophical work on how language shapes, and is shaped by, social and political factors. Its 24 chapters were written exclusively for this volume by an international team of leading researchers, and together they provide a broad expert introduction to the major issues currently under discussion in this area. The volume is divided into four parts: Part I: Methodological and Foundational Issues Part II: Non-ideal Semantics and Pragmatics Part III: Linguistic Harms Part IV: Applications The parts, and chapters in each part, are introduced in the volume’s General Introduction. A list of Works Cited concludes each chapter, pointing readers to further areas of study. The Handbook is the first major, multi-authored reference work in this growing area and essential reading for anyone interested in the nature of language and its relationship to social and political reality.

Lying, Misleading, and What is Said

Author: Jennifer Mather Saul

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2012-10-25

Total Pages: 161

ISBN-13: 0199603685

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Jennifer Saul presents a close analysis of the distinction between lying to others and misleading them, which sheds light on key debates in philosophy of language and tackles the widespread moral preference for misleading over lying. She establishes a new view on the moral significance of the distinction, and explores a range of historical cases.

Book Synopsis Lying, Misleading, and What is Said by : Jennifer Mather Saul

Download or read book Lying, Misleading, and What is Said written by Jennifer Mather Saul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jennifer Saul presents a close analysis of the distinction between lying to others and misleading them, which sheds light on key debates in philosophy of language and tackles the widespread moral preference for misleading over lying. She establishes a new view on the moral significance of the distinction, and explores a range of historical cases.

Millennials Talking Media

Author: Sylvia Sierra

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 201

ISBN-13: 0190931116

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"Inconceivable!"; "Long hair don't care"; "You shall not pass!"; "I'll be back." The way we read these lines - whether or not you picture Gandalf standing at the edge of a cliff and hear the deep monotone of the Terminator - makes it clear that media consumption affects our everyday lives,language, and how we identify as part of a group.Millennials Talking Media examines how U.S. millennial friends embed both old media (books, songs, movies, and TV shows) and new media (YouTube videos, videogames, and internet memes) in their everyday talk for particular interactional purposes. Sylvia Sierra presents multiple case studies featuringthe recorded talk of millennial friends to demonstrate how and why these speakers make media references and use them to handle awkward moments and other interactional dilemmas. Sierra's analysis shows how such references contribute to epistemic management and frame shifts in conversation, whichultimately work together to construct a shared sense of millennial identity. Additionally, this book explores the stereotypes embedded in the media that these friends cite and examines their effects in everyday social life.This book shows how the boundaries between screens, online and offline life, language, and identity are porous for millennials. Building on everyday conversation among family and friends and contemporary work in media studies, Sierra weaves together the most current linguistic theories regardingknowledge, framing, and identity to create a book that will be of interest to scholars and students of sociolinguistics, communication, rhetoric, conversation analysis, and media studies - and to boomers, millennials, and Gen Z alike.

Book Synopsis Millennials Talking Media by : Sylvia Sierra

Download or read book Millennials Talking Media written by Sylvia Sierra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inconceivable!"; "Long hair don't care"; "You shall not pass!"; "I'll be back." The way we read these lines - whether or not you picture Gandalf standing at the edge of a cliff and hear the deep monotone of the Terminator - makes it clear that media consumption affects our everyday lives,language, and how we identify as part of a group.Millennials Talking Media examines how U.S. millennial friends embed both old media (books, songs, movies, and TV shows) and new media (YouTube videos, videogames, and internet memes) in their everyday talk for particular interactional purposes. Sylvia Sierra presents multiple case studies featuringthe recorded talk of millennial friends to demonstrate how and why these speakers make media references and use them to handle awkward moments and other interactional dilemmas. Sierra's analysis shows how such references contribute to epistemic management and frame shifts in conversation, whichultimately work together to construct a shared sense of millennial identity. Additionally, this book explores the stereotypes embedded in the media that these friends cite and examines their effects in everyday social life.This book shows how the boundaries between screens, online and offline life, language, and identity are porous for millennials. Building on everyday conversation among family and friends and contemporary work in media studies, Sierra weaves together the most current linguistic theories regardingknowledge, framing, and identity to create a book that will be of interest to scholars and students of sociolinguistics, communication, rhetoric, conversation analysis, and media studies - and to boomers, millennials, and Gen Z alike.

Ecology or Catastrophe

Author: Janet Biehl

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2015-09-01

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 0199342490

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Murray Bookchin was not only one of the most significant and influential environmental philosophers of the twentieth century--he was also one of the most prescient. From industrial agriculture to nuclear radiation, Bookchin has been at the forefront of every major ecological issue since the very beginning, often proposing a solution before most people even recognized there was a problem. Ecology or Catastrophe: The Life of Murray Bookchin is the first biography of this groundbreaking environmental and political thinker. Author Janet Biehl worked as his collaborator and copyeditor for 19 years, editing his every word. Thanks to her extensive personal history with Bookchin as well as her access to his papers and archival research, Ecology or Catastrophe offers unique insight into his personal and professional life. Founder of the social ecology movement, Bookchin first started raising environmental issues in 1952. He foresaw global warming in the 1960s and even then argued that we should look into renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels. Wary of pesticides and other chemicals used in industrial agriculture, he was also an early advocate of small-scale organic farming, which has developed into the present locavore movement and the revival of organic markets. Even Occupy can trace the origins of its leaderless structure and general assemblies to the nonhierarchical organizational form Bookchin developed as a libertarian socialist. Bookchin believed that social and ecological issues were deeply intertwined. Convinced that capitalism pushes businesses to maximize profits and ignore humanist concerns, he argued that eco-crises could be resolved by a new social arrangement. His solution was Communalism, a new form of libertarian socialism that he developed. An optimist and utopian, Bookchin believed in the potentiality for human beings to use reason to solve all social and ecological problems.

Book Synopsis Ecology or Catastrophe by : Janet Biehl

Download or read book Ecology or Catastrophe written by Janet Biehl and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Murray Bookchin was not only one of the most significant and influential environmental philosophers of the twentieth century--he was also one of the most prescient. From industrial agriculture to nuclear radiation, Bookchin has been at the forefront of every major ecological issue since the very beginning, often proposing a solution before most people even recognized there was a problem. Ecology or Catastrophe: The Life of Murray Bookchin is the first biography of this groundbreaking environmental and political thinker. Author Janet Biehl worked as his collaborator and copyeditor for 19 years, editing his every word. Thanks to her extensive personal history with Bookchin as well as her access to his papers and archival research, Ecology or Catastrophe offers unique insight into his personal and professional life. Founder of the social ecology movement, Bookchin first started raising environmental issues in 1952. He foresaw global warming in the 1960s and even then argued that we should look into renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels. Wary of pesticides and other chemicals used in industrial agriculture, he was also an early advocate of small-scale organic farming, which has developed into the present locavore movement and the revival of organic markets. Even Occupy can trace the origins of its leaderless structure and general assemblies to the nonhierarchical organizational form Bookchin developed as a libertarian socialist. Bookchin believed that social and ecological issues were deeply intertwined. Convinced that capitalism pushes businesses to maximize profits and ignore humanist concerns, he argued that eco-crises could be resolved by a new social arrangement. His solution was Communalism, a new form of libertarian socialism that he developed. An optimist and utopian, Bookchin believed in the potentiality for human beings to use reason to solve all social and ecological problems.

Signaling without Saying

Author: Robert Henderson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2024-07-12

Total Pages: 177

ISBN-13: 0198886403

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Signaling without Saying develops game-theoretic approaches to social meaning to model the phenomenon of dogwhistles, perhaps best known from political speech. These constructions involve language that sends one message to an out-group while at the same time sending a second-often taboo, controversial, or inflammatory-message to an in-group. Robert Henderson and Elin McCready show that dogwhistles should not be modeled in the same way as related language, like slurs, and nor should they be treated via standard Gricean implicatures computed over truth-conditional meaning; instead, they should be treated as primarily bearing social meaning, as understood by modern variationist sociolinguistic theories. The book identifies and models two different kinds of dogwhistle meaning, while also exploring a variety of related phenomena. The authors show how novel implicatures in the social meaning domain can arise when a listener detects a dogwhistle, and connect them to implicatures familiar in the truth-conditional domain. Social meaning, they argue, can be added to theories of trust in testimonial evidence, and dogwhistles can help to establish trust with an audience, even when expressing false propositions. The final chapter of the book looks at connections between dogwhistles and other issues important in epistemology and philosophy of language which might involve social meaning, such as standpoint theory.

Book Synopsis Signaling without Saying by : Robert Henderson

Download or read book Signaling without Saying written by Robert Henderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signaling without Saying develops game-theoretic approaches to social meaning to model the phenomenon of dogwhistles, perhaps best known from political speech. These constructions involve language that sends one message to an out-group while at the same time sending a second-often taboo, controversial, or inflammatory-message to an in-group. Robert Henderson and Elin McCready show that dogwhistles should not be modeled in the same way as related language, like slurs, and nor should they be treated via standard Gricean implicatures computed over truth-conditional meaning; instead, they should be treated as primarily bearing social meaning, as understood by modern variationist sociolinguistic theories. The book identifies and models two different kinds of dogwhistle meaning, while also exploring a variety of related phenomena. The authors show how novel implicatures in the social meaning domain can arise when a listener detects a dogwhistle, and connect them to implicatures familiar in the truth-conditional domain. Social meaning, they argue, can be added to theories of trust in testimonial evidence, and dogwhistles can help to establish trust with an audience, even when expressing false propositions. The final chapter of the book looks at connections between dogwhistles and other issues important in epistemology and philosophy of language which might involve social meaning, such as standpoint theory.