Economic Dependence of Mongolia on Minerals

Economic Dependence of Mongolia on Minerals

Author: Yoshitaka Hosoi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-11-09

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 9811955158

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This book is a compass for resource rich-developing countries, taking Mongolia as a case study. Policy aspects of the development of the mining sector in developing countries such as Mongolia and its impact on the economy and society are reviewed. The book deals with specific industry policies and challenges identified by policy makers, its characteristics and policy recommendations moving forward with an emphasis on the importance of evidence-based policy making (EBPM). It begins with the country’s development strategy and the role of the mining industry, highlighting the fact that major strategic and policy documents still suffer from ambiguity and clear guidance as well as gaps in policy directions. The book also highlights the need for policy makers to improve transparency initiatives. Authors emphasize transparency or lack thereof in mining contracts, taxation, trading, and marketing and provide specific policy recommendations and alternative policy actions. The macroeconomic and social impact of the mining sector and the role of foreign direct investment is also discussed. Particularly, utilizing in-house economic analytical tools, the role and impact of resource revenue management policy in Mongolia is evaluated. Further, the impact of mining projects on the livelihood of local households as well as the importance of obtaining a social license to operate is discussed. This monograph is recommended for readers who want an in-depth comprehensive understanding of the mining sector, EBPM, and key lessons learned in managing natural resources in Mongolia.


Book Synopsis Economic Dependence of Mongolia on Minerals by : Yoshitaka Hosoi

Download or read book Economic Dependence of Mongolia on Minerals written by Yoshitaka Hosoi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compass for resource rich-developing countries, taking Mongolia as a case study. Policy aspects of the development of the mining sector in developing countries such as Mongolia and its impact on the economy and society are reviewed. The book deals with specific industry policies and challenges identified by policy makers, its characteristics and policy recommendations moving forward with an emphasis on the importance of evidence-based policy making (EBPM). It begins with the country’s development strategy and the role of the mining industry, highlighting the fact that major strategic and policy documents still suffer from ambiguity and clear guidance as well as gaps in policy directions. The book also highlights the need for policy makers to improve transparency initiatives. Authors emphasize transparency or lack thereof in mining contracts, taxation, trading, and marketing and provide specific policy recommendations and alternative policy actions. The macroeconomic and social impact of the mining sector and the role of foreign direct investment is also discussed. Particularly, utilizing in-house economic analytical tools, the role and impact of resource revenue management policy in Mongolia is evaluated. Further, the impact of mining projects on the livelihood of local households as well as the importance of obtaining a social license to operate is discussed. This monograph is recommended for readers who want an in-depth comprehensive understanding of the mining sector, EBPM, and key lessons learned in managing natural resources in Mongolia.

Steppe-ing Forward?

Steppe-ing Forward?

Author: Sarah Webb

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13:

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Many countries that are economically dependent on the export of mineral resources experience lower than expected levels of economic and human development. This paper's objective is to expand the body of knowledge on the resource curse using a case study of Mongolia, a country newly transitioned to a market economy and democratic government. Economic, human development, and institutional quality data are used to develop our understanding of the state of Mongolia's people and economy, and the changing role of mineral resources since 1990. The brief period during which large-scale mineral development has occurred precludes a robust statistical analysis. Instead, a political economy approach is taken, examining actions of the Mongolian government in light of literature on "mechanisms by which the curse casts its spell." Mongolia is found to have taken measures to capture a greater share of mineral rents; however there is little evidence of large-scale rent seeking for personal or political gain.


Book Synopsis Steppe-ing Forward? by : Sarah Webb

Download or read book Steppe-ing Forward? written by Sarah Webb and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries that are economically dependent on the export of mineral resources experience lower than expected levels of economic and human development. This paper's objective is to expand the body of knowledge on the resource curse using a case study of Mongolia, a country newly transitioned to a market economy and democratic government. Economic, human development, and institutional quality data are used to develop our understanding of the state of Mongolia's people and economy, and the changing role of mineral resources since 1990. The brief period during which large-scale mineral development has occurred precludes a robust statistical analysis. Instead, a political economy approach is taken, examining actions of the Mongolian government in light of literature on "mechanisms by which the curse casts its spell." Mongolia is found to have taken measures to capture a greater share of mineral rents; however there is little evidence of large-scale rent seeking for personal or political gain.

The Role of the State in Mongolia's Mining Sector

The Role of the State in Mongolia's Mining Sector

Author: World Bank

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Mining dominates the Mongolian economy, already accounting for some 80 percent of exports and contributing a quarter of gross domestic product (GDP). In July 2020, the newly elected government reaffirmed its commitment to bring into production more of Mongolia's mineral deposits and to process minerals locally instead of exporting them. Its objectives are to boost government revenues, retain more value in-country, and create conditions for more diversified economic growth in the future. Further commercial development of Mongolia's mineral resources, for which substantial financing will be required, faces several challenges. The challenges and opportunities identified confront the government as it seeks to advance mining sector "megaprojects.” Careful consideration of the role that the government plays as owner of mineral resources is central to more optimal development of the mining sector and the government's approach to mobilizing finance. As recommended in the World Bank's Policy Notes(July 2020), the government may need to develop a more effective strategy to allocate scarce public funds and mobilize fresh private capital to support development of the mining sector. The purpose of this analysis is to prompt an open debate based on policy evidence derived from robust analysis of options and trade-offs that can lead to an actionable reform agenda.


Book Synopsis The Role of the State in Mongolia's Mining Sector by : World Bank

Download or read book The Role of the State in Mongolia's Mining Sector written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining dominates the Mongolian economy, already accounting for some 80 percent of exports and contributing a quarter of gross domestic product (GDP). In July 2020, the newly elected government reaffirmed its commitment to bring into production more of Mongolia's mineral deposits and to process minerals locally instead of exporting them. Its objectives are to boost government revenues, retain more value in-country, and create conditions for more diversified economic growth in the future. Further commercial development of Mongolia's mineral resources, for which substantial financing will be required, faces several challenges. The challenges and opportunities identified confront the government as it seeks to advance mining sector "megaprojects.” Careful consideration of the role that the government plays as owner of mineral resources is central to more optimal development of the mining sector and the government's approach to mobilizing finance. As recommended in the World Bank's Policy Notes(July 2020), the government may need to develop a more effective strategy to allocate scarce public funds and mobilize fresh private capital to support development of the mining sector. The purpose of this analysis is to prompt an open debate based on policy evidence derived from robust analysis of options and trade-offs that can lead to an actionable reform agenda.

Mongolia's Economic Prospects

Mongolia's Economic Prospects

Author: Matthias Helble

Publisher: Asian Development Bank

Published: 2020-06-01

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 9292622498

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This publication examines Mongolia’s recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia’s potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.


Book Synopsis Mongolia's Economic Prospects by : Matthias Helble

Download or read book Mongolia's Economic Prospects written by Matthias Helble and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines Mongolia’s recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia’s potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.

Mongolia

Mongolia

Author: Weltbank

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This report discusses Mongolia's increasing dependence on mining revenues and the associated vulnerability to boom and bust economic cycles, and calls for special attention to governance in mining resource management. It seeks to identify can be learned from the experiences of other mineral dependent countries that have succeeded in converting their mineral endowment into broadly shared growth, as well as from those that have not. A challenge for the Bank is to be able to formulate good reform solutions which fit the country's' implementation capacity, and are flexible enough to respond to changing country dynamics. The Bank could modify its support better correspond to Mongolia's realities, such as taking into account concerns that by entering into an investment agreement, the government will lose the ability to influence or veto decisions that negatively impact national security. The report looks at the Public Investment Program, focusing on the principles of development oriented investments, and what this would imply across sectors, by taking into account the policymaker's concern that public procurement of public investment projects must disburse quickly, so that procurement efficiency is improved.


Book Synopsis Mongolia by : Weltbank

Download or read book Mongolia written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses Mongolia's increasing dependence on mining revenues and the associated vulnerability to boom and bust economic cycles, and calls for special attention to governance in mining resource management. It seeks to identify can be learned from the experiences of other mineral dependent countries that have succeeded in converting their mineral endowment into broadly shared growth, as well as from those that have not. A challenge for the Bank is to be able to formulate good reform solutions which fit the country's' implementation capacity, and are flexible enough to respond to changing country dynamics. The Bank could modify its support better correspond to Mongolia's realities, such as taking into account concerns that by entering into an investment agreement, the government will lose the ability to influence or veto decisions that negatively impact national security. The report looks at the Public Investment Program, focusing on the principles of development oriented investments, and what this would imply across sectors, by taking into account the policymaker's concern that public procurement of public investment projects must disburse quickly, so that procurement efficiency is improved.

From Natural Resource Boom to Sustainable Economic Growth

From Natural Resource Boom to Sustainable Economic Growth

Author: Pranav Gupta

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2015-04-30

Total Pages: 31

ISBN-13: 1475570635

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Some resource-rich developing countries are in the process of harnessing immense mining resources towards inclusive growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, tapping into natural resources could be challenging given the large front-loaded investment, volatile capital flows and exposure to global commodity markets. Public investment is needed to remove the often-large infrastructure gap and unlock the economic potential. However, too rapid fiscal outlays could push the economy to its limit of absorptive capacity and increase macro-financial vulnerabilities. This paper utilizes a structural model-based approach to analyze macroeconomic impacts of different public investment strategies on key fiscal and non-fiscal variables such as debt, consumption, sovereign wealth fund, and real exchange rates. We apply the model to Mongolia and draw policy recommendations from the analysis. We find that fiscal policy adjustment, particularly moderating infrastructure investment and optimizing investment efficiency is needed to maintain macroeconomic and external stability, as well as to boost the long-term sustainable growth for Mongolia.


Book Synopsis From Natural Resource Boom to Sustainable Economic Growth by : Pranav Gupta

Download or read book From Natural Resource Boom to Sustainable Economic Growth written by Pranav Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some resource-rich developing countries are in the process of harnessing immense mining resources towards inclusive growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, tapping into natural resources could be challenging given the large front-loaded investment, volatile capital flows and exposure to global commodity markets. Public investment is needed to remove the often-large infrastructure gap and unlock the economic potential. However, too rapid fiscal outlays could push the economy to its limit of absorptive capacity and increase macro-financial vulnerabilities. This paper utilizes a structural model-based approach to analyze macroeconomic impacts of different public investment strategies on key fiscal and non-fiscal variables such as debt, consumption, sovereign wealth fund, and real exchange rates. We apply the model to Mongolia and draw policy recommendations from the analysis. We find that fiscal policy adjustment, particularly moderating infrastructure investment and optimizing investment efficiency is needed to maintain macroeconomic and external stability, as well as to boost the long-term sustainable growth for Mongolia.

South-South Cooperation

South-South Cooperation

Author: Rogier van den Brink

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Mongolia's mineral-rich economy was hit extremely hard by the global downturn during 2008-9, when copper prices plunged, external demand fell, and growth collapsed. The shock exposed serious underlying weaknesses in the management of the country's natural resource wealth, particularly the lack of policies to insulate the economy from commodity cycles and real exchange rate appreciation pressures, an inadequate safety net, and poor public investment planning. These issues gained further urgency with the signing of a major copper mining deal in 2009 that further increased the country's mineral dependence. As part of its reform efforts and with the assistance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the government began an intensive south-south exchange, notably with Chile, another major copper producer, on strengthening the policy environment. The dialogue proved critical in the passage of several landmark laws within the space of a few years, including a fiscal stability law modeled after Chile, and the accompanying integrated budget and procurement and social welfare laws. These reforms will be crucial in managing the boom-bust cycle of mineral prices and mitigating Dutch disease effects by anchoring a prudent countercyclical fiscal policy, strengthening public financial management, increasing savings, and providing a fiscally sustainable social safety net targeted to the poor.


Book Synopsis South-South Cooperation by : Rogier van den Brink

Download or read book South-South Cooperation written by Rogier van den Brink and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia's mineral-rich economy was hit extremely hard by the global downturn during 2008-9, when copper prices plunged, external demand fell, and growth collapsed. The shock exposed serious underlying weaknesses in the management of the country's natural resource wealth, particularly the lack of policies to insulate the economy from commodity cycles and real exchange rate appreciation pressures, an inadequate safety net, and poor public investment planning. These issues gained further urgency with the signing of a major copper mining deal in 2009 that further increased the country's mineral dependence. As part of its reform efforts and with the assistance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the government began an intensive south-south exchange, notably with Chile, another major copper producer, on strengthening the policy environment. The dialogue proved critical in the passage of several landmark laws within the space of a few years, including a fiscal stability law modeled after Chile, and the accompanying integrated budget and procurement and social welfare laws. These reforms will be crucial in managing the boom-bust cycle of mineral prices and mitigating Dutch disease effects by anchoring a prudent countercyclical fiscal policy, strengthening public financial management, increasing savings, and providing a fiscally sustainable social safety net targeted to the poor.

Japanization

Japanization

Author: William Pesek

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-06-03

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 1118780698

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An in-depth look at Japan's economic malaise and the steps it must take to compete globally In Japanization, Bloomberg columnist William Pesek—based in Tokyo—presents a detailed look at Japan's continuing twenty-year economic slow-down, the political and economic reasons behind it, and the policies it could and should undertake to return to growth and influence. Despite new Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's promise of economic revitalization, investor optimism about the future, and plenty of potential, Japanization reveals why things are unlikely to change any time soon. Pesek argues that "Abenomics," as the new policies are popularly referred to, is nothing more than a dressed-up version of the same old fiscal and monetary policies that have left Japan with crippling debt, interest rates at zero, and constant deflation. He explores the ten forces that are stunting Japan's growth and offers prescriptions for fixing each one. Offers a skeptical counterpoint to the popular rosy narrative on the economic outlook for Japan Gives investors practical and detailed insight on the real condition of Japan's economy Reveals ten factors stunting Japan's growth and why they are unlikely to be solved any time soon Explains why most of what readers believe they know about Japan's economy is wrong Includes case studies of some of the biggest Japanese companies, including Olympus, Japan Airlines, Sony, and Toyota, among others For many investors, businesspeople, and economists, Japan's long economic struggle is difficult to comprehend, particularly given the economic advantages it appears to have over its neighbors. Japanization offers a ground-level look at why its problems continue and what it can do to change course.


Book Synopsis Japanization by : William Pesek

Download or read book Japanization written by William Pesek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at Japan's economic malaise and the steps it must take to compete globally In Japanization, Bloomberg columnist William Pesek—based in Tokyo—presents a detailed look at Japan's continuing twenty-year economic slow-down, the political and economic reasons behind it, and the policies it could and should undertake to return to growth and influence. Despite new Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's promise of economic revitalization, investor optimism about the future, and plenty of potential, Japanization reveals why things are unlikely to change any time soon. Pesek argues that "Abenomics," as the new policies are popularly referred to, is nothing more than a dressed-up version of the same old fiscal and monetary policies that have left Japan with crippling debt, interest rates at zero, and constant deflation. He explores the ten forces that are stunting Japan's growth and offers prescriptions for fixing each one. Offers a skeptical counterpoint to the popular rosy narrative on the economic outlook for Japan Gives investors practical and detailed insight on the real condition of Japan's economy Reveals ten factors stunting Japan's growth and why they are unlikely to be solved any time soon Explains why most of what readers believe they know about Japan's economy is wrong Includes case studies of some of the biggest Japanese companies, including Olympus, Japan Airlines, Sony, and Toyota, among others For many investors, businesspeople, and economists, Japan's long economic struggle is difficult to comprehend, particularly given the economic advantages it appears to have over its neighbors. Japanization offers a ground-level look at why its problems continue and what it can do to change course.

The Atlas of Economic Complexity

The Atlas of Economic Complexity

Author: Ricardo Hausmann

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2014-01-17

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 0262317737

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Maps capture data expressing the economic complexity of countries from Albania to Zimbabwe, offering current economic measures and as well as a guide to achieving prosperity Why do some countries grow and others do not? The authors of The Atlas of Economic Complexity offer readers an explanation based on "Economic Complexity," a measure of a society's productive knowledge. Prosperous societies are those that have the knowledge to make a larger variety of more complex products. The Atlas of Economic Complexity attempts to measure the amount of productive knowledge countries hold and how they can move to accumulate more of it by making more complex products. Through the graphical representation of the "Product Space," the authors are able to identify each country's "adjacent possible," or potential new products, making it easier to find paths to economic diversification and growth. In addition, they argue that a country's economic complexity and its position in the product space are better predictors of economic growth than many other well-known development indicators, including measures of competitiveness, governance, finance, and schooling. Using innovative visualizations, the book locates each country in the product space, provides complexity and growth potential rankings for 128 countries, and offers individual country pages with detailed information about a country's current capabilities and its diversification options. The maps and visualizations included in the Atlas can be used to find more viable paths to greater productive knowledge and prosperity.


Book Synopsis The Atlas of Economic Complexity by : Ricardo Hausmann

Download or read book The Atlas of Economic Complexity written by Ricardo Hausmann and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maps capture data expressing the economic complexity of countries from Albania to Zimbabwe, offering current economic measures and as well as a guide to achieving prosperity Why do some countries grow and others do not? The authors of The Atlas of Economic Complexity offer readers an explanation based on "Economic Complexity," a measure of a society's productive knowledge. Prosperous societies are those that have the knowledge to make a larger variety of more complex products. The Atlas of Economic Complexity attempts to measure the amount of productive knowledge countries hold and how they can move to accumulate more of it by making more complex products. Through the graphical representation of the "Product Space," the authors are able to identify each country's "adjacent possible," or potential new products, making it easier to find paths to economic diversification and growth. In addition, they argue that a country's economic complexity and its position in the product space are better predictors of economic growth than many other well-known development indicators, including measures of competitiveness, governance, finance, and schooling. Using innovative visualizations, the book locates each country in the product space, provides complexity and growth potential rankings for 128 countries, and offers individual country pages with detailed information about a country's current capabilities and its diversification options. The maps and visualizations included in the Atlas can be used to find more viable paths to greater productive knowledge and prosperity.

Natural Resources and Economic Development

Natural Resources and Economic Development

Author: Edward B. Barbier

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2019-09-19

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 1107179262

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The second edition of this landmark book explores how natural resources contribute to development in poor economies.


Book Synopsis Natural Resources and Economic Development by : Edward B. Barbier

Download or read book Natural Resources and Economic Development written by Edward B. Barbier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this landmark book explores how natural resources contribute to development in poor economies.