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A study of workers struggles against management regimes in Britain's car industry from the Second World War to the late 1980s.
Book Synopsis Economic Liberalization and Political Violence by : Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín
Download or read book Economic Liberalization and Political Violence written by Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of workers struggles against management regimes in Britain's car industry from the Second World War to the late 1980s.
In the wake of September 11 through the U.S. invasion of Iraq, a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy has been that promoting democracy in the Arab world is an important strategy in reducing terrorism; at the same time, some policymakers and analysts have held that democracy has nothing to do with terrorism -- or even that the growth of democracy in the Middle East may exacerbate political violence. However, scant empirical evidence links democracy to terrorism, positively or negatively. This study examines whether such links exist by exploring the effects of liberalization processes on political violence in Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco from 1991 to 2006. Drawing on data on the incidence of terrorist violence, extensive fieldwork and interviews in each of the six countries, and primary and secondary literature from and about each country, Kaye et al. find that political reforms have, in some instances, helped to marginalize and undercut extremist actors, but that these effects tend to be short-lived if reforms fail to produce tangible results. Moreover, when regimes backtrack on even limited openings, the risks of instability and violence increase.
Book Synopsis More Freedom, Less Terror? by : Dalia Dassa Kaye
Download or read book More Freedom, Less Terror? written by Dalia Dassa Kaye and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of September 11 through the U.S. invasion of Iraq, a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy has been that promoting democracy in the Arab world is an important strategy in reducing terrorism; at the same time, some policymakers and analysts have held that democracy has nothing to do with terrorism -- or even that the growth of democracy in the Middle East may exacerbate political violence. However, scant empirical evidence links democracy to terrorism, positively or negatively. This study examines whether such links exist by exploring the effects of liberalization processes on political violence in Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco from 1991 to 2006. Drawing on data on the incidence of terrorist violence, extensive fieldwork and interviews in each of the six countries, and primary and secondary literature from and about each country, Kaye et al. find that political reforms have, in some instances, helped to marginalize and undercut extremist actors, but that these effects tend to be short-lived if reforms fail to produce tangible results. Moreover, when regimes backtrack on even limited openings, the risks of instability and violence increase.
This book examines the dynamics shaping the economic process of economic liberalisation in Indonesia since the mid-1980's. Much writing on the process of economic liberalisation in developing countries views economic liberalisation as the victory of economic rationality over political and social interests. In contrast, this book argues that economic liberalisation should not be understood in these terms, but rather in the way that political social interests shape processes of economic reform in both a positive and negative sense. Specifically, Rosser argues that economic liberalisation needs to be understood in terms of the extent to which economic crises shift the balance of power and influence within society away from coalitions opposed to reform and towards those in favour of reform. In the Indonesian context, the main coalitions that need to be examined in this respect are the politico-bureaucrats and the conglomerates who have generally opposed reform and mobile capitalists who have generally supported reform. Based on extensive original research, and providing much new material, the book considers the politics of economic policy-making in Indonesia in a range of sectors including the capital market, intellectual property law, the banking industry, and the trade and investment sectors. Analysing why the nature of economic policy in Indonesia has varied over time, this study argues that there is nothing inevitable about a transition to a fully-fledged liberal market order in Indonesia, and outlines possible future scenarios for the country's political economy.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Economic Liberalization in Indonesia by : Andrew Rosser
Download or read book The Politics of Economic Liberalization in Indonesia written by Andrew Rosser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dynamics shaping the economic process of economic liberalisation in Indonesia since the mid-1980's. Much writing on the process of economic liberalisation in developing countries views economic liberalisation as the victory of economic rationality over political and social interests. In contrast, this book argues that economic liberalisation should not be understood in these terms, but rather in the way that political social interests shape processes of economic reform in both a positive and negative sense. Specifically, Rosser argues that economic liberalisation needs to be understood in terms of the extent to which economic crises shift the balance of power and influence within society away from coalitions opposed to reform and towards those in favour of reform. In the Indonesian context, the main coalitions that need to be examined in this respect are the politico-bureaucrats and the conglomerates who have generally opposed reform and mobile capitalists who have generally supported reform. Based on extensive original research, and providing much new material, the book considers the politics of economic policy-making in Indonesia in a range of sectors including the capital market, intellectual property law, the banking industry, and the trade and investment sectors. Analysing why the nature of economic policy in Indonesia has varied over time, this study argues that there is nothing inevitable about a transition to a fully-fledged liberal market order in Indonesia, and outlines possible future scenarios for the country's political economy.
The reigning consensus holds that the combination of free markets and democracy would transform the third world and sweep away the ethnic hatred and religious zealotry associated with underdevelopment. In this revelatory investigation of the true impact of globalization, Yale Law School professor Amy Chua explains why many developing countries are in fact consumed by ethnic violence after adopting free market democracy. Chua shows how in non-Western countries around the globe, free markets have concentrated starkly disproportionate wealth in the hands of a resented ethnic minority. These “market-dominant minorities” – Chinese in Southeast Asia, Croatians in the former Yugoslavia, whites in Latin America and South Africa, Indians in East Africa, Lebanese in West Africa, Jews in post-communist Russia – become objects of violent hatred. At the same time, democracy empowers the impoverished majority, unleashing ethnic demagoguery, confiscation, and sometimes genocidal revenge. She also argues that the United States has become the world’s most visible market-dominant minority, a fact that helps explain the rising tide of anti-Americanism around the world. Chua is a friend of globalization, but she urges us to find ways to spread its benefits and curb its most destructive aspects.
Book Synopsis World on Fire by : Amy Chua
Download or read book World on Fire written by Amy Chua and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2004-01-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reigning consensus holds that the combination of free markets and democracy would transform the third world and sweep away the ethnic hatred and religious zealotry associated with underdevelopment. In this revelatory investigation of the true impact of globalization, Yale Law School professor Amy Chua explains why many developing countries are in fact consumed by ethnic violence after adopting free market democracy. Chua shows how in non-Western countries around the globe, free markets have concentrated starkly disproportionate wealth in the hands of a resented ethnic minority. These “market-dominant minorities” – Chinese in Southeast Asia, Croatians in the former Yugoslavia, whites in Latin America and South Africa, Indians in East Africa, Lebanese in West Africa, Jews in post-communist Russia – become objects of violent hatred. At the same time, democracy empowers the impoverished majority, unleashing ethnic demagoguery, confiscation, and sometimes genocidal revenge. She also argues that the United States has become the world’s most visible market-dominant minority, a fact that helps explain the rising tide of anti-Americanism around the world. Chua is a friend of globalization, but she urges us to find ways to spread its benefits and curb its most destructive aspects.
This book explains the lifecycle of terrorist organizations from an innovative theoretical perspective, combining economics with social psychology. It provides a new approach to understanding human behaviour in organized society, and then uses this to analyze the forces shaping the lifecycle of violent political movements. Economic and rational-choice theorists assume that human beings are motivated only by self-utility, yet terrorism is ultimately an altruistic act in the eyes of its participants. This book highlights the importance of the desire to belong to a group as a motivating factor, and argues that all of us face an eternal trade-off between selfishness and community concern. This hypothesis is explored through four key groups; the IRA in Northern Ireland, Al Qaeda, Hamas, and the Naxalites in India. Through this, the book analyzes the birth, growth, transformation and demise of violent political movements, and ends with an analysis of the conditions which determine the outcome of the war against terrorism. Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence will be essential reading for advanced students of terrorism studies and political science, and of great interest to students of social psychology and sociology.
Book Synopsis Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence by : Dipak K. Gupta
Download or read book Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence written by Dipak K. Gupta and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-03-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the lifecycle of terrorist organizations from an innovative theoretical perspective, combining economics with social psychology. It provides a new approach to understanding human behaviour in organized society, and then uses this to analyze the forces shaping the lifecycle of violent political movements. Economic and rational-choice theorists assume that human beings are motivated only by self-utility, yet terrorism is ultimately an altruistic act in the eyes of its participants. This book highlights the importance of the desire to belong to a group as a motivating factor, and argues that all of us face an eternal trade-off between selfishness and community concern. This hypothesis is explored through four key groups; the IRA in Northern Ireland, Al Qaeda, Hamas, and the Naxalites in India. Through this, the book analyzes the birth, growth, transformation and demise of violent political movements, and ends with an analysis of the conditions which determine the outcome of the war against terrorism. Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence will be essential reading for advanced students of terrorism studies and political science, and of great interest to students of social psychology and sociology.
Violence against women is a major problem in all countries, affecting women in every socio-economic group and at every life stage. Yet, when women enjoy good social and economic status they are less vulnerable to violence across all societies. This book develops a political economy approach to understanding violence against women - from the household to the transnational level - accounting for its globally increasing scale and brutality.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Violence Against Women by : Jacqui True
Download or read book The Political Economy of Violence Against Women written by Jacqui True and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence against women is a major problem in all countries, affecting women in every socio-economic group and at every life stage. Yet, when women enjoy good social and economic status they are less vulnerable to violence across all societies. This book develops a political economy approach to understanding violence against women - from the household to the transnational level - accounting for its globally increasing scale and brutality.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: During the nineties globalization has become one of the most disputed issues in the social sciences and a lively debate about its possible detrimental or beneficial consequences is going on. Among economists there exists the general consensus that global economic integration enhances welfare through market allocations that are assumed to be efficient. The majority of papers hereby concentrate on explaining what the causes for the increasing economic liberalization are, the feasibility of these reforms, limiting the debate to the question of correct sequencing of the distinct measures, or to the causes of either their success or failure. Another phenomena of the last decade has been the increasing amount of armed intrastate conflicts around the world which reached its peak in the early 1990s. Although economic aspects gained in interest as roots of internal war, economic liberalization per se was not considered as a causal factor. This study therefore examines the question of whether economic liberalization is likely to fan the flames of domestic violent conflict, thereby distinguishing between long-term and short-term consequences of this process. I assume that in the long-term economic liberalization has a pacifying effect as the abolition of trade barriers fosters export-led growth. On the contrary, in the short-term, after an economic reform has been introduced, distributional effects will have a major impact on society, causing winners and losers. This situation is likely to trigger domestic instability and violent conflict if the winners are not able or willing to compensate the losers for their economic losses. To explain cleavages arising in society, this study adds an institutional perspective to Rogowski s model based on the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and highlights it with an exemplary application with the Rubinstein Model. I illustrate the propositions derived from this model by presenting the case of Guinea-Bissau. Testing statistically the causal mechanism between economic liberalization and domestic conflict and intervening factors of political, sociological, and economical kinds, it furthermore engages in comparative work in a dual sense: the study moves across different levels of analysis and compares the three statistical tools ordinary logit, random effects logit and general estimating equation. It first starts with a sample comprising 90 developing countries for the time period of 1978 to 1998 and focuses [...]
Book Synopsis Economic Liberalization and Domestic Instability by : Nina Wiesehomeier
Download or read book Economic Liberalization and Domestic Instability written by Nina Wiesehomeier and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: During the nineties globalization has become one of the most disputed issues in the social sciences and a lively debate about its possible detrimental or beneficial consequences is going on. Among economists there exists the general consensus that global economic integration enhances welfare through market allocations that are assumed to be efficient. The majority of papers hereby concentrate on explaining what the causes for the increasing economic liberalization are, the feasibility of these reforms, limiting the debate to the question of correct sequencing of the distinct measures, or to the causes of either their success or failure. Another phenomena of the last decade has been the increasing amount of armed intrastate conflicts around the world which reached its peak in the early 1990s. Although economic aspects gained in interest as roots of internal war, economic liberalization per se was not considered as a causal factor. This study therefore examines the question of whether economic liberalization is likely to fan the flames of domestic violent conflict, thereby distinguishing between long-term and short-term consequences of this process. I assume that in the long-term economic liberalization has a pacifying effect as the abolition of trade barriers fosters export-led growth. On the contrary, in the short-term, after an economic reform has been introduced, distributional effects will have a major impact on society, causing winners and losers. This situation is likely to trigger domestic instability and violent conflict if the winners are not able or willing to compensate the losers for their economic losses. To explain cleavages arising in society, this study adds an institutional perspective to Rogowski s model based on the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and highlights it with an exemplary application with the Rubinstein Model. I illustrate the propositions derived from this model by presenting the case of Guinea-Bissau. Testing statistically the causal mechanism between economic liberalization and domestic conflict and intervening factors of political, sociological, and economical kinds, it furthermore engages in comparative work in a dual sense: the study moves across different levels of analysis and compares the three statistical tools ordinary logit, random effects logit and general estimating equation. It first starts with a sample comprising 90 developing countries for the time period of 1978 to 1998 and focuses [...]
In this pioneering volume, Dipak Gupta takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the causes of political violence and the effects of political instability. The first work to expand the scope of traditional economic growth models to include political instability, The Economics of Political Violence examines the motivations an individual might have for participating in an act of political violence. Establishing the conceptual linkages between micro-level, individual-based theory and aggregate structural theories of political violence and revolution, Gupta also constructs a composite measure of political instability. He then develops an integrated model of economic growth that incorporates political instability as an endogenous variable. Students and scholars in both political science and economics will find this book enlightening reading. Gupta begins by examining both the contributions various social science disciplines have made to the study of political violence and the theories of collective behavior that have guided many previous studies. Turning to a focus on the individual, Gupta analyzes the behavioral foundations of rebellion and explores the influences of the environment on individual political action. The next four chapters address political instability from a variety of perspectives. Gupta describes the relationship between political instability and the economy, offers an empirical definition of political instability, discusses structural explanations of political instability, and looks at the effects of political instability on economic growth. In his concluding chapter, Gupta makes policy recommendations based on the foregoing analysis. An appendix presents the index for political instability developed by the author.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Political Violence by : Dipak K. Gupta
Download or read book The Economics of Political Violence written by Dipak K. Gupta and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1990-04-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this pioneering volume, Dipak Gupta takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the causes of political violence and the effects of political instability. The first work to expand the scope of traditional economic growth models to include political instability, The Economics of Political Violence examines the motivations an individual might have for participating in an act of political violence. Establishing the conceptual linkages between micro-level, individual-based theory and aggregate structural theories of political violence and revolution, Gupta also constructs a composite measure of political instability. He then develops an integrated model of economic growth that incorporates political instability as an endogenous variable. Students and scholars in both political science and economics will find this book enlightening reading. Gupta begins by examining both the contributions various social science disciplines have made to the study of political violence and the theories of collective behavior that have guided many previous studies. Turning to a focus on the individual, Gupta analyzes the behavioral foundations of rebellion and explores the influences of the environment on individual political action. The next four chapters address political instability from a variety of perspectives. Gupta describes the relationship between political instability and the economy, offers an empirical definition of political instability, discusses structural explanations of political instability, and looks at the effects of political instability on economic growth. In his concluding chapter, Gupta makes policy recommendations based on the foregoing analysis. An appendix presents the index for political instability developed by the author.
This study will attempt to answer the question of how can the rise in social violence since the 1980s be explained in the oil-rich nation of Venezuela? The once relatively peaceful nation of Venezuela has seen a dramatic rise in social violence over the last three decades that has placed her amongst some of the world's most dangerous countries. A review of the relevant literature will reveal that the study of a social phenomenon such as violence, in a nation such as Venezuela, is a complicated task because there are a number of different, but in many cases interlinked, variables that contribute to the formation of this social phenomenon. Therefore, the conceptual framework will consist of a multi-variable analysis so that this study may go about to formulate an appropriate explanation based on the complex causes and effects that surround this issue. However, special attention will be given to the nation's developmental history, which has given way to a severe socio-political crisis. Although special attention will be given to this important variable, no hierarchy of variables will be established, as the convoluted nature of social events makes it very difficult to formulate one. Other factors that will also be analyzed as they contribute to the rise of social violence are: the nation's vast hydrocarbon wealth (which is always an outstanding variable because of its economic importance), economic reform and liberalization, and the urbanization process. Although there have been several studies on oil-rich nations (including Venezuela), their economic dynamics, the Latin American urbanization process, and the Venezuelan political crisis, there is an absence of studies that include these intervening factors in a comprehensive manner. This study hopes to fill this gap.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Violence by : Daniel S. Leon
Download or read book The Political Economy of Violence written by Daniel S. Leon and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study will attempt to answer the question of how can the rise in social violence since the 1980s be explained in the oil-rich nation of Venezuela? The once relatively peaceful nation of Venezuela has seen a dramatic rise in social violence over the last three decades that has placed her amongst some of the world's most dangerous countries. A review of the relevant literature will reveal that the study of a social phenomenon such as violence, in a nation such as Venezuela, is a complicated task because there are a number of different, but in many cases interlinked, variables that contribute to the formation of this social phenomenon. Therefore, the conceptual framework will consist of a multi-variable analysis so that this study may go about to formulate an appropriate explanation based on the complex causes and effects that surround this issue. However, special attention will be given to the nation's developmental history, which has given way to a severe socio-political crisis. Although special attention will be given to this important variable, no hierarchy of variables will be established, as the convoluted nature of social events makes it very difficult to formulate one. Other factors that will also be analyzed as they contribute to the rise of social violence are: the nation's vast hydrocarbon wealth (which is always an outstanding variable because of its economic importance), economic reform and liberalization, and the urbanization process. Although there have been several studies on oil-rich nations (including Venezuela), their economic dynamics, the Latin American urbanization process, and the Venezuelan political crisis, there is an absence of studies that include these intervening factors in a comprehensive manner. This study hopes to fill this gap.
The emergence of new democracies in Eastern Europe has raised anew the question of the relationship between economic reform and political liberalization. This work brings together a group of authorities to examine this question as it relates to Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Book Synopsis Economic Reform and Democracy by : Larry Jay Diamond
Download or read book Economic Reform and Democracy written by Larry Jay Diamond and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of new democracies in Eastern Europe has raised anew the question of the relationship between economic reform and political liberalization. This work brings together a group of authorities to examine this question as it relates to Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
