Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire

Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire

Author: nist

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2013-11-14

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13: 9781493768936

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Fire departments use ventilation blowers or fans to pressurize a structure prior to suppressing a fire. This pressurization or positive pressure ventilation (PPV) tactic has not been characterized carefully enough to establish specific guidelines for optimum use of PPV. PPV can assist in the venting of smoke and high temperature combustion products and make attacking the fire easier than without PPV. However, this tactic also provides additional oxygen to the fire and can increase the rate of heat and energy being released. This study examined gas temperatures, gas velocities and total heat release rate in a series of fires in a furnished room. The use of the PPV fan created slightly lower gas temperatures in the fire room and significantly lower gas temperatures in the adjacent corridor. The gas velocities at the window plane were much higher in the PPV case than in the naturally ventilated scenario. This higher velocity improved visibility significantly. PPV caused an increase in heat release rate for 200 s following initiation of ventilation but the heat release rate then declined at a faster rate than that of the naturally ventilated experiment.


Book Synopsis Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire by : nist

Download or read book Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire written by nist and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire departments use ventilation blowers or fans to pressurize a structure prior to suppressing a fire. This pressurization or positive pressure ventilation (PPV) tactic has not been characterized carefully enough to establish specific guidelines for optimum use of PPV. PPV can assist in the venting of smoke and high temperature combustion products and make attacking the fire easier than without PPV. However, this tactic also provides additional oxygen to the fire and can increase the rate of heat and energy being released. This study examined gas temperatures, gas velocities and total heat release rate in a series of fires in a furnished room. The use of the PPV fan created slightly lower gas temperatures in the fire room and significantly lower gas temperatures in the adjacent corridor. The gas velocities at the window plane were much higher in the PPV case than in the naturally ventilated scenario. This higher velocity improved visibility significantly. PPV caused an increase in heat release rate for 200 s following initiation of ventilation but the heat release rate then declined at a faster rate than that of the naturally ventilated experiment.

Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire

Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire

Author: S. Kerber

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire by : S. Kerber

Download or read book Effect of Positive Pressure Ventilation on a Room Fire written by S. Kerber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fire ventilation

Fire ventilation

Author: Stefan Svensson

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 9789172532793

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Book Synopsis Fire ventilation by : Stefan Svensson

Download or read book Fire ventilation written by Stefan Svensson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Structural Firefighting

Structural Firefighting

Author: Bernard J. Klaene

Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Published: 2014-12-30

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 1284150720

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Safe and effective structural firefighting requires a complex thought process. It is not a simple matter of "how to." Decisions depend on many factors, from the type of building, to the likelihood of occupancy, to the water supply. The third edition of Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics leads readers through all phases of planning, evaluation and implementation to enable them to effectively manage structure fire incidents safe and effective manner, regardless of size or complexity. The third edition has been revised to thoroughly cover the practical applications and limitations of the latest research from Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).


Book Synopsis Structural Firefighting by : Bernard J. Klaene

Download or read book Structural Firefighting written by Bernard J. Klaene and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safe and effective structural firefighting requires a complex thought process. It is not a simple matter of "how to." Decisions depend on many factors, from the type of building, to the likelihood of occupancy, to the water supply. The third edition of Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics leads readers through all phases of planning, evaluation and implementation to enable them to effectively manage structure fire incidents safe and effective manner, regardless of size or complexity. The third edition has been revised to thoroughly cover the practical applications and limitations of the latest research from Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics

Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics

Author: Bernard "Ben" J. Klaene

Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Published: 2020-08-19

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 1284180298

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The fourth edition of Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics meets and exceeds the course objectives and outcomes for the National Fire Academy’s Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education (FESHE) non-core course, Strategy and Tactics (C0279). Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics prepares the fire officer to take command at structure fires, effectively using available resources. The goal of this text is to explain proven tactics and strategies used at structure fires. It is designed to be used by all fire officers, from company officer to chief of department. The Fourth Edition provides the necessary tools to achieve maximum productivity under adverse fireground conditions. It references NFPA fire investigations, applicable NFPA statistics and standards, the NIOSH Firefighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program, and the Technical Report Series from the U.S. Fire Administration. It has been expanded to include information from recent studies by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and others. The Fourth Edition contains new content on integration of initial rapid intervention crews, updated content on vent-enter-isolate-search tactics, and more, while continuing to emphasize the role of preincident planning and command decisions that maximize life safety, extinguishment, and property conservation. A multitude of case studies, incident summaries, and extensive end-of-chapter activities promote application of chapter content and critical thinking skills. This text allows a company officer or incident commander to learn fireground procedures at an accelerated pace, thus reducing the cost in lives and property associated with learning by experience only. The Fourth Edition also includes: New and significantly expanded, in-depth Suggested Activities that challenge the reader to apply the strategies and tactics presented in each chapter Incident Summaries that summarize real fireground events and lessons learned Fallacy/Fact boxes that defuse myths and clarify the facts Updated statistics on significant fires in various occupancy types Safety and strategy tips throughout each chapter


Book Synopsis Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics by : Bernard "Ben" J. Klaene

Download or read book Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics written by Bernard "Ben" J. Klaene and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics meets and exceeds the course objectives and outcomes for the National Fire Academy’s Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education (FESHE) non-core course, Strategy and Tactics (C0279). Structural Firefighting: Strategy and Tactics prepares the fire officer to take command at structure fires, effectively using available resources. The goal of this text is to explain proven tactics and strategies used at structure fires. It is designed to be used by all fire officers, from company officer to chief of department. The Fourth Edition provides the necessary tools to achieve maximum productivity under adverse fireground conditions. It references NFPA fire investigations, applicable NFPA statistics and standards, the NIOSH Firefighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program, and the Technical Report Series from the U.S. Fire Administration. It has been expanded to include information from recent studies by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and others. The Fourth Edition contains new content on integration of initial rapid intervention crews, updated content on vent-enter-isolate-search tactics, and more, while continuing to emphasize the role of preincident planning and command decisions that maximize life safety, extinguishment, and property conservation. A multitude of case studies, incident summaries, and extensive end-of-chapter activities promote application of chapter content and critical thinking skills. This text allows a company officer or incident commander to learn fireground procedures at an accelerated pace, thus reducing the cost in lives and property associated with learning by experience only. The Fourth Edition also includes: New and significantly expanded, in-depth Suggested Activities that challenge the reader to apply the strategies and tactics presented in each chapter Incident Summaries that summarize real fireground events and lessons learned Fallacy/Fact boxes that defuse myths and clarify the facts Updated statistics on significant fires in various occupancy types Safety and strategy tips throughout each chapter

Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures

Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures

Author: nist

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2013-11-22

Total Pages: 150

ISBN-13: 9781494252779

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A series of six experiments was conducted in a highrise apartment building in Chicago, Illinois. One experiment on each of the fire floors utilized portable fans and the other utilized a large truck or trailer mounted fan. The two experiments on the third floor examined the effects of wind driven fire conditions. All of the experiments created high temperatures and dense smoke conditions in the hallway. Numerous configurations were used during the experiments and the ability of the fans to keep smoke and heat out of the stairwell was analyzed. The minimum design pressures of NFPA 92A were used as baselines to compare to the actual pressures measured.In this limited set of experiments portable fans and mounted fans were able to quickly clear the stairwell of smoke and maintain a pressure high enough to prevent smoke infiltration into the stairwell. Positive pressure ventilation fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness and safety of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. When configured properly PPV fans can meet or exceed previously established performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.


Book Synopsis Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures by : nist

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by nist and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of six experiments was conducted in a highrise apartment building in Chicago, Illinois. One experiment on each of the fire floors utilized portable fans and the other utilized a large truck or trailer mounted fan. The two experiments on the third floor examined the effects of wind driven fire conditions. All of the experiments created high temperatures and dense smoke conditions in the hallway. Numerous configurations were used during the experiments and the ability of the fans to keep smoke and heat out of the stairwell was analyzed. The minimum design pressures of NFPA 92A were used as baselines to compare to the actual pressures measured.In this limited set of experiments portable fans and mounted fans were able to quickly clear the stairwell of smoke and maintain a pressure high enough to prevent smoke infiltration into the stairwell. Positive pressure ventilation fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness and safety of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. When configured properly PPV fans can meet or exceed previously established performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.

Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings

Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings

Author: Y. Chartier

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9241547855

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This guideline defines ventilation and then natural ventilation. It explores the design requirements for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.


Book Synopsis Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings by : Y. Chartier

Download or read book Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings written by Y. Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guideline defines ventilation and then natural ventilation. It explores the design requirements for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.

Positive Pressure Attack for Ventilation & Firefighting

Positive Pressure Attack for Ventilation & Firefighting

Author: Kriss Garcia

Publisher: PennWell Books

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 334

ISBN-13: 1593700482

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In the past decades, lightweight building construction methods and the use of manmade materials in construction and furnishings have become more and more common. The time until structural failure can be expected in a fire has been reduced, and firefighters have seen hotter fires that generate high levels of deadly gasses. But the ventilation methods used by modern firefighters have not kept pace. Positive pressure was first used in the fire service to ventilate a structure after the fire was knocked down. Authors Kriss Garcia and Reinhard Kauffmann have taken positive pressure a step further to achieve effective ventilation in coordination with aggressive fire attack, called positive pressure attack (PPA). Properly used PPA allows firefighters great control over the interior environment of a fire building, and starts at the earliest stages of the operation when ventilation can provide the greatest benefit for victims, firefighters, and the structure. With a small investment in equipment and a commitment to training, any fire department can implement PPA at the company level. Subjects covered in this book include: * Basics of positive pressure and how to maximize its effectiveness for fireground ventilation. * PPA: how effective ventilation can be coordinated to support an aggressive fire attack. * Safety considerations and limitations of PPA and positive pressure. * Other ways positive pressure blowers can be used to help victims and firefighters in a variety of situations. * Implementing PPA on a department, and how to train each engine company to become its own firefighting force that can accomplish both ventilation and fire attack.


Book Synopsis Positive Pressure Attack for Ventilation & Firefighting by : Kriss Garcia

Download or read book Positive Pressure Attack for Ventilation & Firefighting written by Kriss Garcia and published by PennWell Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, lightweight building construction methods and the use of manmade materials in construction and furnishings have become more and more common. The time until structural failure can be expected in a fire has been reduced, and firefighters have seen hotter fires that generate high levels of deadly gasses. But the ventilation methods used by modern firefighters have not kept pace. Positive pressure was first used in the fire service to ventilate a structure after the fire was knocked down. Authors Kriss Garcia and Reinhard Kauffmann have taken positive pressure a step further to achieve effective ventilation in coordination with aggressive fire attack, called positive pressure attack (PPA). Properly used PPA allows firefighters great control over the interior environment of a fire building, and starts at the earliest stages of the operation when ventilation can provide the greatest benefit for victims, firefighters, and the structure. With a small investment in equipment and a commitment to training, any fire department can implement PPA at the company level. Subjects covered in this book include: * Basics of positive pressure and how to maximize its effectiveness for fireground ventilation. * PPA: how effective ventilation can be coordinated to support an aggressive fire attack. * Safety considerations and limitations of PPA and positive pressure. * Other ways positive pressure blowers can be used to help victims and firefighters in a variety of situations. * Implementing PPA on a department, and how to train each engine company to become its own firefighting force that can accomplish both ventilation and fire attack.

25 to Survive

25 to Survive

Author: Capt. Daniel Shaw

Publisher: Fire Engineering Books

Published: 2013-08-21

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1593703090

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Two seasoned fire officers take an in-depth look into the causes of line of duty deaths in residential building fires, and offer incident recommendations. This book is designed to provide firefighters and fire officers “street proven” tips, techniques, and company-level drills that address and overcome the 25 most common errors that occur at residential building fires.


Book Synopsis 25 to Survive by : Capt. Daniel Shaw

Download or read book 25 to Survive written by Capt. Daniel Shaw and published by Fire Engineering Books. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two seasoned fire officers take an in-depth look into the causes of line of duty deaths in residential building fires, and offer incident recommendations. This book is designed to provide firefighters and fire officers “street proven” tips, techniques, and company-level drills that address and overcome the 25 most common errors that occur at residential building fires.

Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures

Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures

Author: U.s. Department of Commerce

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2014-01-31

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 9781495298615

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A series of experiments was run in a masonry educational building examining the ability of fire service Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fans to limit smoke spread or to remove smoke from areas where potential occupants may be located. The PPV fans are able to accomplish this by creating pressures higher than that of the fire to manage where the smoke and hot gases flowed in the building. Preliminary experiments examined the pressure increase created by portable fans and mounted fans in different configurations and locations. The two main fire scenarios included a long hallway with classrooms and a gymnasium. Both scenarios included fires that produced a large amount of smoke and hot gases, and instrumentation was placed to assess tenability criteria and how PPV tactics can either increase or decrease tenability. Measurements included temperature, pressure, thermal imaging and video views.


Book Synopsis Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures by : U.s. Department of Commerce

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by U.s. Department of Commerce and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments was run in a masonry educational building examining the ability of fire service Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fans to limit smoke spread or to remove smoke from areas where potential occupants may be located. The PPV fans are able to accomplish this by creating pressures higher than that of the fire to manage where the smoke and hot gases flowed in the building. Preliminary experiments examined the pressure increase created by portable fans and mounted fans in different configurations and locations. The two main fire scenarios included a long hallway with classrooms and a gymnasium. Both scenarios included fires that produced a large amount of smoke and hot gases, and instrumentation was placed to assess tenability criteria and how PPV tactics can either increase or decrease tenability. Measurements included temperature, pressure, thermal imaging and video views.