Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book

Author: Mithilesh Kumar Das

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2012-02-01

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 1455700851

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review equips you with the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret electrocardiograms (ECG) and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Co-written by world-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes, this companion study guide to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside offers a concise yet definitive review of electrocardiography, making this is the perfect review and exam prep tool. Obtain a realistic simulation of the actual exam experience. Each ECG is accompanied by a brief clinical history in board format. Review a full range of ECG images - from simple to complex - reflecting both common and rare conditions. Get the most from your board or certification prep by pairing this review with its parent text, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, for detailed explanations and an enhanced learning experience.


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book by : Mithilesh Kumar Das

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book written by Mithilesh Kumar Das and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review equips you with the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret electrocardiograms (ECG) and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Co-written by world-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes, this companion study guide to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside offers a concise yet definitive review of electrocardiography, making this is the perfect review and exam prep tool. Obtain a realistic simulation of the actual exam experience. Each ECG is accompanied by a brief clinical history in board format. Review a full range of ECG images - from simple to complex - reflecting both common and rare conditions. Get the most from your board or certification prep by pairing this review with its parent text, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, for detailed explanations and an enhanced learning experience.


Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review

Author: Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2021-03

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9780323680509

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Easy to read and abundantly illustrated, Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review, 2nd Edition, provides the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret ECGs in preparation for cardiology boards and clinical practice. World-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes offer a concise yet definitive review of all the ECG basics with realistic scenarios and detailed explanations for a wide range of ECG applications. Use this outstanding review tool alone or as a companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Provides a solid understanding of normal electrocardiograms and common abnormal findings, preparing you to accurately interpret ECGs and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Contains realistic cases that simulate the clinical exam experience, and each ECG includes a brief clinical history in board format. Features more than 250 ECGs that demonstrate virtually any arrhythmia you're likely to encounter. Includes new ECGs covering intracardiac electrophysiology, atrial fibrillation, ablation of many arrhythmias, arrhythmias associated with valvular surgery, idiopathic PVCs, arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease, ARVC, Brugada syndrome, and others. Covers key topics such as AV conduction abnormalities, complex atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review by : Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review written by Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easy to read and abundantly illustrated, Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review, 2nd Edition, provides the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret ECGs in preparation for cardiology boards and clinical practice. World-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes offer a concise yet definitive review of all the ECG basics with realistic scenarios and detailed explanations for a wide range of ECG applications. Use this outstanding review tool alone or as a companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Provides a solid understanding of normal electrocardiograms and common abnormal findings, preparing you to accurately interpret ECGs and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Contains realistic cases that simulate the clinical exam experience, and each ECG includes a brief clinical history in board format. Features more than 250 ECGs that demonstrate virtually any arrhythmia you're likely to encounter. Includes new ECGs covering intracardiac electrophysiology, atrial fibrillation, ablation of many arrhythmias, arrhythmias associated with valvular surgery, idiopathic PVCs, arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease, ARVC, Brugada syndrome, and others. Covers key topics such as AV conduction abnormalities, complex atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.


Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies

Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies

Author: Martin Green

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-09-21

Total Pages: 165

ISBN-13: 3030521737

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book provides a comprehensive review of the ECG findings of inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. Despite new forms of medical imaging, electrocardiography (ECG) remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, risk-stratification, and prognosis for these conditions. It is extremely important for clinicians to develop the skills required to interpret the ECG correctly as both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of these conditions can have a deleterious effect on patients and their families. Each chapter covers a specific condition and highlights typical or critically important ECG findings. Chapters include detailed descriptions of these findings along with pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical vignettes. In addition, the book reviews some normal ECG findings in athletes in order to differentiate some ECG findings from those which may be found in inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy conditions. Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology, emergency medicine, sports medicine, and primary care.


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies by : Martin Green

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies written by Martin Green and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of the ECG findings of inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. Despite new forms of medical imaging, electrocardiography (ECG) remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, risk-stratification, and prognosis for these conditions. It is extremely important for clinicians to develop the skills required to interpret the ECG correctly as both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of these conditions can have a deleterious effect on patients and their families. Each chapter covers a specific condition and highlights typical or critically important ECG findings. Chapters include detailed descriptions of these findings along with pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical vignettes. In addition, the book reviews some normal ECG findings in athletes in order to differentiate some ECG findings from those which may be found in inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy conditions. Electrocardiography of Inherited Arrhythmias and Cardiomyopathies: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology, emergency medicine, sports medicine, and primary care.


Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias

Author: Charles Fisch

Publisher:

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias by : Charles Fisch

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias written by Charles Fisch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Clinical Arrhythmology

Clinical Arrhythmology

Author: Antoni Bayés de Luna

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-09-25

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 1119212758

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The second edition of Clinical Arrhythmology provides a fresh, clear, and authoritative overview that will guide readers from a solid understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiac arrhythmias -- which is fundamental to their identification -- to diagnosis via electrocardiograms and other tools, to specific management options for each of the arrhythmias that cardiologists and other clinicians will encounter in clinical practice. Organized in a clear, intuitive manner; introducing the reader to an understanding of the anatomical and electrophysiological bases of arrhythmias, then to a comprehensive review of how to diagnose the full range of rhythmic abnormalities, and then to a discussion of specific clinical syndromes in which arrhythmias play a part Highly illustrated chapters ensure key concepts are simpler to understand Detailed appendices provide quick reference values for diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and pharmacotherapeutic agents, and Recommendations


Book Synopsis Clinical Arrhythmology by : Antoni Bayés de Luna

Download or read book Clinical Arrhythmology written by Antoni Bayés de Luna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Clinical Arrhythmology provides a fresh, clear, and authoritative overview that will guide readers from a solid understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiac arrhythmias -- which is fundamental to their identification -- to diagnosis via electrocardiograms and other tools, to specific management options for each of the arrhythmias that cardiologists and other clinicians will encounter in clinical practice. Organized in a clear, intuitive manner; introducing the reader to an understanding of the anatomical and electrophysiological bases of arrhythmias, then to a comprehensive review of how to diagnose the full range of rhythmic abnormalities, and then to a discussion of specific clinical syndromes in which arrhythmias play a part Highly illustrated chapters ensure key concepts are simpler to understand Detailed appendices provide quick reference values for diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and pharmacotherapeutic agents, and Recommendations


Cardiac Electrophysiology

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Author: Milind G. Parikh

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-02-17

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 3030753263

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book offers a comprehensive review of clinical cardiac electrophysiology in a question and answer format. Chapters contain over 200 questions divided into 9 chapters, each organized by cardiac electrophysiology topic. Each question is followed by the correct answer with a detailed explanation along with references for further reading. Important concepts are highlighted and supported by over 200 illustrations and high resolution images. The book addresses a broad range of topics that are important when studying for the initial certification or recertification of the clinical cardiac electrophysiology board examination. It is also highly relevant for daily clinical practice in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology. Topics covered in the book include: Review of basic and clinical cardiac electrophysiology principles associated with cardiac arrhythmias The evaluation and management of patients with cardiac rhythm disorders Review of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the treatment of arrhythmias Clinical indications, fundamental principles and electrical characteristics of implantable cardiac electronic devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators Clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of specific cardiac arrhythmia syndromes Cardiac Electrophysiology Board Review is a must-have resource for cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology trainees as well as attending physicians preparing for the certification or recertification examination. It may also be a useful guide for cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists and all clinicians who wish to further their understanding of heart rhythm disorders.


Book Synopsis Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Milind G. Parikh

Download or read book Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Milind G. Parikh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive review of clinical cardiac electrophysiology in a question and answer format. Chapters contain over 200 questions divided into 9 chapters, each organized by cardiac electrophysiology topic. Each question is followed by the correct answer with a detailed explanation along with references for further reading. Important concepts are highlighted and supported by over 200 illustrations and high resolution images. The book addresses a broad range of topics that are important when studying for the initial certification or recertification of the clinical cardiac electrophysiology board examination. It is also highly relevant for daily clinical practice in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology. Topics covered in the book include: Review of basic and clinical cardiac electrophysiology principles associated with cardiac arrhythmias The evaluation and management of patients with cardiac rhythm disorders Review of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the treatment of arrhythmias Clinical indications, fundamental principles and electrical characteristics of implantable cardiac electronic devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators Clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of specific cardiac arrhythmia syndromes Cardiac Electrophysiology Board Review is a must-have resource for cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology trainees as well as attending physicians preparing for the certification or recertification examination. It may also be a useful guide for cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists and all clinicians who wish to further their understanding of heart rhythm disorders.


Rapid Review of ECG Interpretation

Rapid Review of ECG Interpretation

Author: Tariq Azeem

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2005-04-11

Total Pages: 131

ISBN-13: 1840765100

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The authors aim to provide a comprehensive review of ECG interpretation in a case presentation format. The book begins with the basic principles of electrocardiography and provides comprehensive tables listing differential diagnoses of all the major ECG abnormalities. The 50 cases illustrated by large format ECG traces in color have been chosen to cover a wide range of clinical scenarios in cardiology and more general medical practice. Precise answers and detailed discussion follow each question. Important areas each covered by a variety of cases include pacemakers, arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. There are also cases of rarer conditions, and those that illustrate possible important pitfalls in routine clinical practice. This book takes a practical, thought-provoking approach. It is a valuable resource for doctors, nurses, technicians and students wishing to extend or reinforce their knowledge of ECG interpretation, and in preparation for examinations.


Book Synopsis Rapid Review of ECG Interpretation by : Tariq Azeem

Download or read book Rapid Review of ECG Interpretation written by Tariq Azeem and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-11 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors aim to provide a comprehensive review of ECG interpretation in a case presentation format. The book begins with the basic principles of electrocardiography and provides comprehensive tables listing differential diagnoses of all the major ECG abnormalities. The 50 cases illustrated by large format ECG traces in color have been chosen to cover a wide range of clinical scenarios in cardiology and more general medical practice. Precise answers and detailed discussion follow each question. Important areas each covered by a variety of cases include pacemakers, arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. There are also cases of rarer conditions, and those that illustrate possible important pitfalls in routine clinical practice. This book takes a practical, thought-provoking approach. It is a valuable resource for doctors, nurses, technicians and students wishing to extend or reinforce their knowledge of ECG interpretation, and in preparation for examinations.


Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice E-Book

Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice E-Book

Author: Borys Surawicz

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2008-04-22

Total Pages: 752

ISBN-13: 1437711022

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Widely considered the optimal electrocardiography reference for practicing physicians, and consistently rated as the best choice on the subject for board preparation, this is an ideal source for mastering the fundamental principles and clinical applications of ECG. The 6th edition captures all of the latest knowledge in the field, including expanded and updated discussions of pediatric rhythm problems, pacemakers, stress testing, implantable cardiodefibrillator devices, and much more. It's the perfect book to turn to for clear and clinically relevant guidance on all of today’s ECG applications. Comprehensively and expertly describes how to capture and interpret all normal and abnormal ECG findings in adults and children. Features the expertise of internationally recognized authorities on electrocardiography, for advanced assistance in mastering the subtle but critical nuances of this complex diagnostic modality. Features new chapters on pediatric electrocardiography that explore rhythm problems associated with pediatric obesity, heart failure, and athletic activity. Presents a new chapter on recording and interpreting heart rhythms in patients with pacemakers. Includes new material on interpreting ECG findings associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Provides fully updated coverage on the increased importance of ECGs in stress testing.


Book Synopsis Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice E-Book by : Borys Surawicz

Download or read book Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice E-Book written by Borys Surawicz and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-04-22 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely considered the optimal electrocardiography reference for practicing physicians, and consistently rated as the best choice on the subject for board preparation, this is an ideal source for mastering the fundamental principles and clinical applications of ECG. The 6th edition captures all of the latest knowledge in the field, including expanded and updated discussions of pediatric rhythm problems, pacemakers, stress testing, implantable cardiodefibrillator devices, and much more. It's the perfect book to turn to for clear and clinically relevant guidance on all of today’s ECG applications. Comprehensively and expertly describes how to capture and interpret all normal and abnormal ECG findings in adults and children. Features the expertise of internationally recognized authorities on electrocardiography, for advanced assistance in mastering the subtle but critical nuances of this complex diagnostic modality. Features new chapters on pediatric electrocardiography that explore rhythm problems associated with pediatric obesity, heart failure, and athletic activity. Presents a new chapter on recording and interpreting heart rhythms in patients with pacemakers. Includes new material on interpreting ECG findings associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Provides fully updated coverage on the increased importance of ECGs in stress testing.


Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review

Author: Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2012-03-29

Total Pages: 498

ISBN-13: 1437720293

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review equips you with the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret electrocardiograms (ECG) and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Co-written by world-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes, this companion study guide to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside offers a concise yet definitive review of electrocardiography, complete with online access to the complete text and image collection at www.expertconsult.com, making this is the perfect review and exam prep tool. Obtain a realistic simulation of the actual exam experience. Each ECG is accompanied by a brief clinical history in board format. Review a full range of ECG images - from simple to complex - reflecting both common and rare conditions. Get the most from your board or certification prep by pairing this review with its parent text, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, for detailed explanations and an enhanced learning experience. Take it with you! Access the fully searchable, complete text and image collection from any computer or mobile device at expertconsult.com Be prepared for the ECG section of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam with this definitive review resource


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review by : Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review written by Mithilesh Kumar Das, MD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review equips you with the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret electrocardiograms (ECG) and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Co-written by world-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes, this companion study guide to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside offers a concise yet definitive review of electrocardiography, complete with online access to the complete text and image collection at www.expertconsult.com, making this is the perfect review and exam prep tool. Obtain a realistic simulation of the actual exam experience. Each ECG is accompanied by a brief clinical history in board format. Review a full range of ECG images - from simple to complex - reflecting both common and rare conditions. Get the most from your board or certification prep by pairing this review with its parent text, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, for detailed explanations and an enhanced learning experience. Take it with you! Access the fully searchable, complete text and image collection from any computer or mobile device at expertconsult.com Be prepared for the ECG section of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam with this definitive review resource


Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book

Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book

Author: Mithilesh Kumar Das

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2021-01-22

Total Pages: 481

ISBN-13: 0323809103

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Easy to read and abundantly illustrated, Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review, 2nd Edition, provides the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret ECGs in preparation for cardiology boards and clinical practice. World-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes offer a concise yet definitive review of all the ECG basics with realistic scenarios and detailed explanations for a wide range of ECG applications. Use this outstanding review tool alone or as a companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Provides a solid understanding of normal electrocardiograms and common abnormal findings, preparing you to accurately interpret ECGs and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Contains realistic cases that simulate the clinical exam experience, and each ECG includes a brief clinical history in board format. Features more than 250 ECGs that demonstrate virtually any arrhythmia you’re likely to encounter. Includes new ECGs covering intracardiac electrophysiology, atrial fibrillation, ablation of many arrhythmias, arrhythmias associated with valvular surgery, idiopathic PVCs, arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease, ARVC, Brugada syndrome, and others. Covers key topics such as AV conduction abnormalities, complex atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes.


Book Synopsis Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book by : Mithilesh Kumar Das

Download or read book Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review E-Book written by Mithilesh Kumar Das and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-01-22 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easy to read and abundantly illustrated, Electrocardiography of Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review, 2nd Edition, provides the core knowledge and clinical competencies you need to accurately interpret ECGs in preparation for cardiology boards and clinical practice. World-renowned cardiologists Mithilesh K. Das and Douglas P. Zipes offer a concise yet definitive review of all the ECG basics with realistic scenarios and detailed explanations for a wide range of ECG applications. Use this outstanding review tool alone or as a companion to Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Provides a solid understanding of normal electrocardiograms and common abnormal findings, preparing you to accurately interpret ECGs and ace the ECG part of cardiology boards or the ABIM ICE ECG certifying exam. Contains realistic cases that simulate the clinical exam experience, and each ECG includes a brief clinical history in board format. Features more than 250 ECGs that demonstrate virtually any arrhythmia you’re likely to encounter. Includes new ECGs covering intracardiac electrophysiology, atrial fibrillation, ablation of many arrhythmias, arrhythmias associated with valvular surgery, idiopathic PVCs, arrhythmias associated with structural heart disease, ARVC, Brugada syndrome, and others. Covers key topics such as AV conduction abnormalities, complex atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes.