Download Emerging Markets And The World Patent Order full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Emerging Markets And The World Patent Order ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
The patent has emerged as a dominant force in 21st century economic policy. This book examines the impact of the BRICS and other emerging economies on the global patent framework and charts the phenomenal rise in the number of patents in some of these cou
Book Synopsis Emerging Markets and the World Patent Order by : Frederick M. Abbott
Download or read book Emerging Markets and the World Patent Order written by Frederick M. Abbott and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-27 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The patent has emerged as a dominant force in 21st century economic policy. This book examines the impact of the BRICS and other emerging economies on the global patent framework and charts the phenomenal rise in the number of patents in some of these cou
The implementation of patent law in the emerging market countries is having an impact on the international patent system. First, it is apparent that the principal emerging market economies are not strictly adhering to the patent regimen of the USA, Europe and Japan, but are instead adapting patent law to their own unique environments. This is more a story of adaptive management of existing standards than it is an innovation of new standards and models. Much of this adaptation of patent standards has been concentrated in the public health sector. Second, to the extent that these emerging economies want to maintain the operating space within which to chart their own paths, they are unlikely to sign on to a strong global patent harmonization exercise. Third, the emerging economies have placed some priority on addressing social welfare within the context of the patent regime, such as by using compulsory licensing to provide access to medicines. Perhaps the most interesting trend among the emerging markets is the building up of local technology-dependent industries through use of preferential procurement policies and other industrial policy mechanisms. While the domestic and international patent system may play a role in the shape of industrial development, it seems that the emerging markets have concluded that a patent system “does not a high-growth economy make”. This does not truly represent a break from the industrial policy implemented by the USA, EU and Japan. The governments of each of these countries have used their vast resources to incentivize local R&D and production. For the USA, much of this has been done in the context of expenditures by the Department of Defense, and more recently by the Department of Energy. For Europe, Airbus Consortium R&D and local production was heavily supported by government subsidy. The Japanese government has invested heavily in its computer industries. For countries that are pursuing an integrated industrial policy that focuses on the result, rather than the particular means used to accomplish the objective, patents are likely to remain a part of the industrial policy mix. This chapter does not suggest that emerging markets have discovered an alternative to patents. Rather, and not surprisingly, they appear to have concluded, despite simplistic arguments about patents and innovation, that they cannot simply rely on the patent system to build up a sound technological base and a competitive economy. Patents are a tool to be modified and used as the specific task requires. As the task changes, so may the terms of patenting.
Book Synopsis Emerging Markets and the World Patent Order by : Frederick M. Abbott
Download or read book Emerging Markets and the World Patent Order written by Frederick M. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implementation of patent law in the emerging market countries is having an impact on the international patent system. First, it is apparent that the principal emerging market economies are not strictly adhering to the patent regimen of the USA, Europe and Japan, but are instead adapting patent law to their own unique environments. This is more a story of adaptive management of existing standards than it is an innovation of new standards and models. Much of this adaptation of patent standards has been concentrated in the public health sector. Second, to the extent that these emerging economies want to maintain the operating space within which to chart their own paths, they are unlikely to sign on to a strong global patent harmonization exercise. Third, the emerging economies have placed some priority on addressing social welfare within the context of the patent regime, such as by using compulsory licensing to provide access to medicines. Perhaps the most interesting trend among the emerging markets is the building up of local technology-dependent industries through use of preferential procurement policies and other industrial policy mechanisms. While the domestic and international patent system may play a role in the shape of industrial development, it seems that the emerging markets have concluded that a patent system “does not a high-growth economy make”. This does not truly represent a break from the industrial policy implemented by the USA, EU and Japan. The governments of each of these countries have used their vast resources to incentivize local R&D and production. For the USA, much of this has been done in the context of expenditures by the Department of Defense, and more recently by the Department of Energy. For Europe, Airbus Consortium R&D and local production was heavily supported by government subsidy. The Japanese government has invested heavily in its computer industries. For countries that are pursuing an integrated industrial policy that focuses on the result, rather than the particular means used to accomplish the objective, patents are likely to remain a part of the industrial policy mix. This chapter does not suggest that emerging markets have discovered an alternative to patents. Rather, and not surprisingly, they appear to have concluded, despite simplistic arguments about patents and innovation, that they cannot simply rely on the patent system to build up a sound technological base and a competitive economy. Patents are a tool to be modified and used as the specific task requires. As the task changes, so may the terms of patenting.
Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy: Lessons from Information and Communication Technology examines how leading national and multinational standard-setting organizations (SSOs) address patent disclosures, licensing terms, transfers of patent ownership, and other issues that arise in connection with developing technical standards for consumer and other microelectronic products, associated software and components, and communications networks including the Internet. Attempting to balance the interests of patent holders, other participants in standard-setting, standards implementers, and consumers, the report calls on SSOs to develop more explicit policies to avoid patent holdup and royalty-stacking, ensure that licensing commitments carry over to new owners of the patents incorporated in standards, and limit injunctions for infringement of patents with those licensing commitments. The report recommends government measures to increase the transparency of patent ownership and use of standards information to improve patent quality and to reduce conflicts of laws across countries.
Book Synopsis Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy by : National Research Council
Download or read book Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy: Lessons from Information and Communication Technology examines how leading national and multinational standard-setting organizations (SSOs) address patent disclosures, licensing terms, transfers of patent ownership, and other issues that arise in connection with developing technical standards for consumer and other microelectronic products, associated software and components, and communications networks including the Internet. Attempting to balance the interests of patent holders, other participants in standard-setting, standards implementers, and consumers, the report calls on SSOs to develop more explicit policies to avoid patent holdup and royalty-stacking, ensure that licensing commitments carry over to new owners of the patents incorporated in standards, and limit injunctions for infringement of patents with those licensing commitments. The report recommends government measures to increase the transparency of patent ownership and use of standards information to improve patent quality and to reduce conflicts of laws across countries.
Globalization has forced international firms to be competitive, innovative, and most importantly, adaptive to the changing economic conditions and consumer behavior, and emerging threats from local firms based in developing countries and emerging markets. These markets also have one of the fastest growth rates in the world given the advancement in technology, the rise in global investments, and the change in culture. As such, the knowledge translation and transfer from advanced countries to emerging markets and vice-versa is of essence; the advanced countries need access to the markets, and the emerging markets need the technology and investments, among others, from advanced countries. It is a win-win strategy to develop competitive advantage for international firms. In this context, the authors, who have significant international business knowledge in developing countries and emerging markets, carefully present a selection of peer-reviewed edited chapters that are research-based, theoretical sound, and managerially relevant.The book serves as an essential tool to study, apply, and analyze the contemporary dynamics in developing and emerging markets as the chapters cover recent and relevant business topics such as talent management, ICT technologies, innovation, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, business incubation home market, and entry strategies.
Book Synopsis Business Practices, Growth And Economic Policy In Emerging Markets by : Luis Camacho
Download or read book Business Practices, Growth And Economic Policy In Emerging Markets written by Luis Camacho and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization has forced international firms to be competitive, innovative, and most importantly, adaptive to the changing economic conditions and consumer behavior, and emerging threats from local firms based in developing countries and emerging markets. These markets also have one of the fastest growth rates in the world given the advancement in technology, the rise in global investments, and the change in culture. As such, the knowledge translation and transfer from advanced countries to emerging markets and vice-versa is of essence; the advanced countries need access to the markets, and the emerging markets need the technology and investments, among others, from advanced countries. It is a win-win strategy to develop competitive advantage for international firms. In this context, the authors, who have significant international business knowledge in developing countries and emerging markets, carefully present a selection of peer-reviewed edited chapters that are research-based, theoretical sound, and managerially relevant.The book serves as an essential tool to study, apply, and analyze the contemporary dynamics in developing and emerging markets as the chapters cover recent and relevant business topics such as talent management, ICT technologies, innovation, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, business incubation home market, and entry strategies.
Efficient licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs) is crucial for achieving a rapid and broad-based diffusion of innovation. Owners of large SEP portfolios (and their supporters) argue that the governance of SEPs works reasonably well and that patent holdup and other negative effects are "purely theoretical". In reality however, the governance of SEPs remains highly inefficient. This paper addresses two unresolved issues. First, most of the existing SEP research has focused on advanced countries. It is time to address growing concerns in emerging and developing countries that SEP-related market failures may create added uncertainty for their companies, generating unpredictable and often quite significant costs and delaying market entry of their products. Second, such SEP-related market failures are even more important in a world where increasingly complex and diverse global corporate networks integrate dispersed production, engineering, product development and research across geographic borders. The paper seeks to extend the analysis of SEPs to include challenges that companies from an emerging economy face that when they are deeply integrated into these global networks of production (GPNs) and innovation (GINs). The paper summarizes what we know about SEP-related market failures and their impacts on standard implementers, and highlight drivers and the hierarchical nature of GPNs and GINs, distinguishing network flagships and different layers of network suppliers. The paper will then discuss a new "gains from trade" doctrine for economic development, promoted by the OECD, the WTO, and the World Bank, which emphasizes the role of global network integration as "the 21st century's fast lane to industrial development". Participation in these global corporate networks raises new challenges, especially for lower-tier suppliers, many of them based in emerging or developing countries. Also discussed are restrictions imposed by the new "gains from trade" doctrine on national innovation policies, especially with regard to patents and standards. These restrictions may well constrain the capacity of those companies to cope with the imperfect governance of SEPs. It is on this basis that a preliminary research agenda is sketched out for exploring impacts that Chinese companies may face within GPNs or GINs. Suggested responses to some of these market failures are reviewed, using illustrative examples from standard development organizations and competition policy.
Book Synopsis Standard-essential Patents with Global Networks by : Dieter Ernst
Download or read book Standard-essential Patents with Global Networks written by Dieter Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs) is crucial for achieving a rapid and broad-based diffusion of innovation. Owners of large SEP portfolios (and their supporters) argue that the governance of SEPs works reasonably well and that patent holdup and other negative effects are "purely theoretical". In reality however, the governance of SEPs remains highly inefficient. This paper addresses two unresolved issues. First, most of the existing SEP research has focused on advanced countries. It is time to address growing concerns in emerging and developing countries that SEP-related market failures may create added uncertainty for their companies, generating unpredictable and often quite significant costs and delaying market entry of their products. Second, such SEP-related market failures are even more important in a world where increasingly complex and diverse global corporate networks integrate dispersed production, engineering, product development and research across geographic borders. The paper seeks to extend the analysis of SEPs to include challenges that companies from an emerging economy face that when they are deeply integrated into these global networks of production (GPNs) and innovation (GINs). The paper summarizes what we know about SEP-related market failures and their impacts on standard implementers, and highlight drivers and the hierarchical nature of GPNs and GINs, distinguishing network flagships and different layers of network suppliers. The paper will then discuss a new "gains from trade" doctrine for economic development, promoted by the OECD, the WTO, and the World Bank, which emphasizes the role of global network integration as "the 21st century's fast lane to industrial development". Participation in these global corporate networks raises new challenges, especially for lower-tier suppliers, many of them based in emerging or developing countries. Also discussed are restrictions imposed by the new "gains from trade" doctrine on national innovation policies, especially with regard to patents and standards. These restrictions may well constrain the capacity of those companies to cope with the imperfect governance of SEPs. It is on this basis that a preliminary research agenda is sketched out for exploring impacts that Chinese companies may face within GPNs or GINs. Suggested responses to some of these market failures are reviewed, using illustrative examples from standard development organizations and competition policy.
The economic power of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) is rapidly increasing, changing the landscape of global economics and politics. Top scholars of international business address in this vital volume the markets, strategy implications, challenges and possibilities of this new economic reality. As these four nations acquire greater economic clout, the opportunities for other countries increase. The contributors describe the favorable circumstances these evolving economies could provide for the US and other countries, such as expanded markets and services, higher returns on investments, and new partners in building a more peaceful and prosperous world. In contrast, they also discuss risks to traditional industries and possible challenges to positions on human rights and intellectual property protections, environmental standards, free markets and democratic governments. The volume emphasizes the need for companies to adopt strategies to stay ahead in the changing business environment. Governments must also design and implement new policies geared toward mutually beneficial relationships with BRICs. This enlightening study will be of great interest to students and scholars of international business. Executives of large companies will find it of great practical use when planning their organization s future strategies.
Book Synopsis Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business by : Subhash C. Jain
Download or read book Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business written by Subhash C. Jain and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic power of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) is rapidly increasing, changing the landscape of global economics and politics. Top scholars of international business address in this vital volume the markets, strategy implications, challenges and possibilities of this new economic reality. As these four nations acquire greater economic clout, the opportunities for other countries increase. The contributors describe the favorable circumstances these evolving economies could provide for the US and other countries, such as expanded markets and services, higher returns on investments, and new partners in building a more peaceful and prosperous world. In contrast, they also discuss risks to traditional industries and possible challenges to positions on human rights and intellectual property protections, environmental standards, free markets and democratic governments. The volume emphasizes the need for companies to adopt strategies to stay ahead in the changing business environment. Governments must also design and implement new policies geared toward mutually beneficial relationships with BRICs. This enlightening study will be of great interest to students and scholars of international business. Executives of large companies will find it of great practical use when planning their organization s future strategies.
Innovation is sweeping the globe at breakneck speed, and emerging markets are where tremendous growth and opportunity reside. Jerry Haar and Ricardo Ernst delve into the forces and drivers that shape innovation in emerging markets and present case studies, along with a summation of the key features and outlook for innovation over the next decade.
Book Synopsis Innovation in Emerging Markets by : J. Haar
Download or read book Innovation in Emerging Markets written by J. Haar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is sweeping the globe at breakneck speed, and emerging markets are where tremendous growth and opportunity reside. Jerry Haar and Ricardo Ernst delve into the forces and drivers that shape innovation in emerging markets and present case studies, along with a summation of the key features and outlook for innovation over the next decade.
In this thought-provoking analysis, the author takes three examples of emerging markets (Brazil, India, and Nigeria) and tells their stories of pharmaceutical patent law-making. Adopting historiographical and socio-legal approaches, focus is drawn to the role of history, social networks and how relationships between a variety of actors shape the framing of, and subsequently the responses to, national implementation of international patent law. In doing so, the book reveals why the experience of Nigeria – a country active in opposing the inclusion of IP to the WTO framework during the Uruguay Rounds – is so different from that of Brazil and India. This book makes an original and useful contribution to the further understanding of how both states and non-state actors conceptualise, establish and interpret pharmaceutical patents law, and its domestic implications on medicines access, public health and development. Patent Games in the Global South was awarded the 2018 SIEL–Hart Prize in International Economic Law.
Book Synopsis Patent Games in the Global South by : Amaka Vanni
Download or read book Patent Games in the Global South written by Amaka Vanni and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thought-provoking analysis, the author takes three examples of emerging markets (Brazil, India, and Nigeria) and tells their stories of pharmaceutical patent law-making. Adopting historiographical and socio-legal approaches, focus is drawn to the role of history, social networks and how relationships between a variety of actors shape the framing of, and subsequently the responses to, national implementation of international patent law. In doing so, the book reveals why the experience of Nigeria – a country active in opposing the inclusion of IP to the WTO framework during the Uruguay Rounds – is so different from that of Brazil and India. This book makes an original and useful contribution to the further understanding of how both states and non-state actors conceptualise, establish and interpret pharmaceutical patents law, and its domestic implications on medicines access, public health and development. Patent Games in the Global South was awarded the 2018 SIEL–Hart Prize in International Economic Law.
The book assesses emerging powers’ influence on international economic law and analyses whether their rhetoric of reforming this ‘unjust’ order translates into concrete reforms. The questions at the heart of the book surround the extent to which Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa individually and as a bloc (BRICS) provide alternative regulatory ideas to those of ‘Western’ States and whether they are able to convert their increased power into influence on global regulation. To do so, the book investigates two broader case studies, namely, the reform of international investment agreements and WTO reform negotiations since the start of the Doha Development Round. As a general outcome, it finds that emerging powers do not radically challenge established law. ‘Third World’ rhetoric mostly does not translate into practice and rather serves to veil economic interests. Still, emerging powers provide for some alternative regulatory ideas, already leading to a diversification of international economic law. As a general rule, they tend to support norms that allow host States much policy space which could be used to protect and fulfil socio-economic human rights, especially – but not only – in the Global South.
Book Synopsis Emerging Powers, Global Justice and International Economic Law by : Andreas Buser
Download or read book Emerging Powers, Global Justice and International Economic Law written by Andreas Buser and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book assesses emerging powers’ influence on international economic law and analyses whether their rhetoric of reforming this ‘unjust’ order translates into concrete reforms. The questions at the heart of the book surround the extent to which Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa individually and as a bloc (BRICS) provide alternative regulatory ideas to those of ‘Western’ States and whether they are able to convert their increased power into influence on global regulation. To do so, the book investigates two broader case studies, namely, the reform of international investment agreements and WTO reform negotiations since the start of the Doha Development Round. As a general outcome, it finds that emerging powers do not radically challenge established law. ‘Third World’ rhetoric mostly does not translate into practice and rather serves to veil economic interests. Still, emerging powers provide for some alternative regulatory ideas, already leading to a diversification of international economic law. As a general rule, they tend to support norms that allow host States much policy space which could be used to protect and fulfil socio-economic human rights, especially – but not only – in the Global South.
A New Global Economic Order: New Challenges to International Trade Law examines the dislocating effects of the policies implemented by the Trump Administration on the global economic order and brings together leading scholars and practitioners of international economic law come together to defend multilateralism against unilateralism and populism.
Book Synopsis A New Global Economic Order by :
Download or read book A New Global Economic Order written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Global Economic Order: New Challenges to International Trade Law examines the dislocating effects of the policies implemented by the Trump Administration on the global economic order and brings together leading scholars and practitioners of international economic law come together to defend multilateralism against unilateralism and populism.
