Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration

Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration

Author: Anthony B. Bradley

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-08-16

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 1108632408

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Mass incarceration is an overwhelming problem and reforms are often difficult, leading to confusion about what to do and where to start. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society introduces the key issues that need immediate attention and provides concrete direction about effective solutions systemically and relationally. In this work Anthony B. Bradley recognizes that offenders are persons with inherent dignity. Mass incarceration results from the systemic breakdown of criminal law procedure and broken communities. Using the principle of personalism, attention is drawn to those areas that directly contact the lives of offenders and determine their fate. Bradley explains how reform must be built from the person up, and once these areas are reformed our law enforcement culture will change for the better. Taking an innovative approach, Anthony B. Bradley explores what civic institutions need to do to prevent people from falling into the criminal justice system and recidivism for those released from prison.


Book Synopsis Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration by : Anthony B. Bradley

Download or read book Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration written by Anthony B. Bradley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass incarceration is an overwhelming problem and reforms are often difficult, leading to confusion about what to do and where to start. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society introduces the key issues that need immediate attention and provides concrete direction about effective solutions systemically and relationally. In this work Anthony B. Bradley recognizes that offenders are persons with inherent dignity. Mass incarceration results from the systemic breakdown of criminal law procedure and broken communities. Using the principle of personalism, attention is drawn to those areas that directly contact the lives of offenders and determine their fate. Bradley explains how reform must be built from the person up, and once these areas are reformed our law enforcement culture will change for the better. Taking an innovative approach, Anthony B. Bradley explores what civic institutions need to do to prevent people from falling into the criminal justice system and recidivism for those released from prison.


Ending Mass Incarceration

Ending Mass Incarceration

Author: Katherine Beckett

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 0197536573

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Ending Mass Incarceration explores why mass incarceration is a failed public safety strategy and what should be done to bring about truly transformative change. Although policymakers on both the left and right now recognize mass incarceration as a problem rather than a solution, and many states have taken steps to reduce prison populations, the criminal legal response to crime is harsher than ever. This book identifies three key dynamics that are bolsteringmass incarceration. It also identifies three broad changes that would limit the power and reach of the criminal legal system while also addressing the social problems to which it is a misguided response.


Book Synopsis Ending Mass Incarceration by : Katherine Beckett

Download or read book Ending Mass Incarceration written by Katherine Beckett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending Mass Incarceration explores why mass incarceration is a failed public safety strategy and what should be done to bring about truly transformative change. Although policymakers on both the left and right now recognize mass incarceration as a problem rather than a solution, and many states have taken steps to reduce prison populations, the criminal legal response to crime is harsher than ever. This book identifies three key dynamics that are bolsteringmass incarceration. It also identifies three broad changes that would limit the power and reach of the criminal legal system while also addressing the social problems to which it is a misguided response.


Understanding Mass Incarceration

Understanding Mass Incarceration

Author: James Kilgore

Publisher: New Press, The

Published: 2015-08-11

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 1620971224

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A brilliant overview of America’s defining human rights crisis and a “much-needed introduction to the racial, political, and economic dimensions of mass incarceration” (Michelle Alexander) Understanding Mass Incarceration offers the first comprehensive overview of the incarceration apparatus put in place by the world’s largest jailer: the United States. Drawing on a growing body of academic and professional work, Understanding Mass Incarceration describes in plain English the many competing theories of criminal justice—from rehabilitation to retribution, from restorative justice to justice reinvestment. In a lively and accessible style, author James Kilgore illuminates the difference between prisons and jails, probation and parole, laying out key concepts and policies such as the War on Drugs, broken windows policing, three-strikes sentencing, the school-to-prison pipeline, recidivism, and prison privatization. Informed by the crucial lenses of race and gender, he addresses issues typically omitted from the discussion: the rapidly increasing incarceration of women, Latinos, and transgender people; the growing imprisonment of immigrants; and the devastating impact of mass incarceration on communities. Both field guide and primer, Understanding Mass Incarceration is an essential resource for those engaged in criminal justice activism as well as those new to the subject.


Book Synopsis Understanding Mass Incarceration by : James Kilgore

Download or read book Understanding Mass Incarceration written by James Kilgore and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant overview of America’s defining human rights crisis and a “much-needed introduction to the racial, political, and economic dimensions of mass incarceration” (Michelle Alexander) Understanding Mass Incarceration offers the first comprehensive overview of the incarceration apparatus put in place by the world’s largest jailer: the United States. Drawing on a growing body of academic and professional work, Understanding Mass Incarceration describes in plain English the many competing theories of criminal justice—from rehabilitation to retribution, from restorative justice to justice reinvestment. In a lively and accessible style, author James Kilgore illuminates the difference between prisons and jails, probation and parole, laying out key concepts and policies such as the War on Drugs, broken windows policing, three-strikes sentencing, the school-to-prison pipeline, recidivism, and prison privatization. Informed by the crucial lenses of race and gender, he addresses issues typically omitted from the discussion: the rapidly increasing incarceration of women, Latinos, and transgender people; the growing imprisonment of immigrants; and the devastating impact of mass incarceration on communities. Both field guide and primer, Understanding Mass Incarceration is an essential resource for those engaged in criminal justice activism as well as those new to the subject.


Punishment Without Crime

Punishment Without Crime

Author: Alexandra Natapoff

Publisher: Basic Books

Published: 2018-12-31

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0465093809

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A revelatory account of the misdemeanor machine that unjustly brands millions of Americans as criminals. Punishment Without Crime offers an urgent new interpretation of inequality and injustice in America by examining the paradigmatic American offense: the lowly misdemeanor. Based on extensive original research, legal scholar Alexandra Natapoff reveals the inner workings of a massive petty offense system that produces over 13 million cases each year. People arrested for minor crimes are swept through courts where defendants often lack lawyers, judges process cases in mere minutes, and nearly everyone pleads guilty. This misdemeanor machine starts punishing people long before they are convicted; it punishes the innocent; and it punishes conduct that never should have been a crime. As a result, vast numbers of Americans -- most of them poor and people of color -- are stigmatized as criminals, impoverished through fines and fees, and stripped of drivers' licenses, jobs, and housing. For too long, misdemeanors have been ignored. But they are crucial to understanding our punitive criminal system and our widening economic and racial divides. A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2018


Book Synopsis Punishment Without Crime by : Alexandra Natapoff

Download or read book Punishment Without Crime written by Alexandra Natapoff and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory account of the misdemeanor machine that unjustly brands millions of Americans as criminals. Punishment Without Crime offers an urgent new interpretation of inequality and injustice in America by examining the paradigmatic American offense: the lowly misdemeanor. Based on extensive original research, legal scholar Alexandra Natapoff reveals the inner workings of a massive petty offense system that produces over 13 million cases each year. People arrested for minor crimes are swept through courts where defendants often lack lawyers, judges process cases in mere minutes, and nearly everyone pleads guilty. This misdemeanor machine starts punishing people long before they are convicted; it punishes the innocent; and it punishes conduct that never should have been a crime. As a result, vast numbers of Americans -- most of them poor and people of color -- are stigmatized as criminals, impoverished through fines and fees, and stripped of drivers' licenses, jobs, and housing. For too long, misdemeanors have been ignored. But they are crucial to understanding our punitive criminal system and our widening economic and racial divides. A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2018


Ending Mass Incarceration

Ending Mass Incarceration

Author: Sentencing Project (U.S.)

Publisher:

Published: 2013*

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Ending Mass Incarceration by : Sentencing Project (U.S.)

Download or read book Ending Mass Incarceration written by Sentencing Project (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2013* with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Downsizing Prisons

Downsizing Prisons

Author: Michael Jacobson

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2006-09

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0814742912

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"There is a better path, and this book shows us how to find that new direction." --Los Angeles Times"Downsizing Prisons offers an innovative approach to reducing the strain on America's overcrowded prisons: namely, by fixing the dysfunctional parole systems in states around the country. . . . Jacobson's book comes at exactly the right time." --Mother Jones"Policy wonks, journalists, elected officials and students of criminal justice will find the arguments and data in this book worth grappling with." --New York Newsday"Should be read by the public and used by policy makers. Essential." --Choice"Downsizing Prisons explains not only why current incarceration policy is not working, but what we can do about it. Michael Jacobson's blueprint provides an overview of a pragmatic strategy that can reduce the size of our bloated prison system while improving prospects for public safety." -- Marc Mauer, author of Race to Incarcerate"A very timely book, offering a unique and important perspective on a topic of widespread concern." --David Garland, author of The Culture of Control"In this excellent book, Michael Jacobson addresses one of the most important problems facing our society today, our bloated prisons. He traces their growth, the unintended consequences of this excessive punitive development and examines 'the new reality' of managing the hundreds of new, overcrowded prisons. He also demonstrates that this expansion has done nothing to reduce crime." --John Irwin, author of The Felon"Michael Jacobson's excellent book combines the hands-on experience of a seasoned policy practitioner with a researcher's keen sense of the political and economic climate in which criminal justice policy isformed." --Bruce Western, co-editor of Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass IncarcerationOver


Book Synopsis Downsizing Prisons by : Michael Jacobson

Download or read book Downsizing Prisons written by Michael Jacobson and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is a better path, and this book shows us how to find that new direction." --Los Angeles Times"Downsizing Prisons offers an innovative approach to reducing the strain on America's overcrowded prisons: namely, by fixing the dysfunctional parole systems in states around the country. . . . Jacobson's book comes at exactly the right time." --Mother Jones"Policy wonks, journalists, elected officials and students of criminal justice will find the arguments and data in this book worth grappling with." --New York Newsday"Should be read by the public and used by policy makers. Essential." --Choice"Downsizing Prisons explains not only why current incarceration policy is not working, but what we can do about it. Michael Jacobson's blueprint provides an overview of a pragmatic strategy that can reduce the size of our bloated prison system while improving prospects for public safety." -- Marc Mauer, author of Race to Incarcerate"A very timely book, offering a unique and important perspective on a topic of widespread concern." --David Garland, author of The Culture of Control"In this excellent book, Michael Jacobson addresses one of the most important problems facing our society today, our bloated prisons. He traces their growth, the unintended consequences of this excessive punitive development and examines 'the new reality' of managing the hundreds of new, overcrowded prisons. He also demonstrates that this expansion has done nothing to reduce crime." --John Irwin, author of The Felon"Michael Jacobson's excellent book combines the hands-on experience of a seasoned policy practitioner with a researcher's keen sense of the political and economic climate in which criminal justice policy isformed." --Bruce Western, co-editor of Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass IncarcerationOver


Ending Mass Incarceration

Ending Mass Incarceration

Author: Inimai Chettiar

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 94

ISBN-13:

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The American public has decisively concluded that our approach to criminal justice isn’t working. Mass incarceration is the civil rights crisis of our time. The racial disparities pervasive in our justice system compound at every juncture: African Americans are more likely to be stopped by police, arrested, detained before trial, and given harsher sentences than whites. Worse, the disparities in our justice system perpetuate racial inequity in our society more broadly. In this remarkable collaboration, the country’s most prominent lawmakers and activists join together to propose ideas for transformative change. In these essays, they lay out their proposals to reduce the prison population and challenge our very conception of justice reform, paving the way for far-reaching political and cultural change. Marking a clear shift from the draconian rhetoric of the past, these essays take on the web of harmful policies that fuel mass incarceration and diminish opportunities for communities of color. How do we achieve change? From eliminating prison for lower-level crimes to incentivizing states to decarcerate, from ending money bail to abolishing private prisons, from reforming housing and employment laws to changing the public perception of the justice system and cultivating respect for all lives, the ideas in this book offer a path forward: one rooted in fairness, equality, and humanity. The second volume in the series, Ending Mass Incarceration: Ideas from Today’s Leaders aims to further the momentum needed to achieve that vision. It builds on the 2015 Brennan Center publication profiling the Voices of national leaders, Solutions: American Leaders Speak Out on Criminal Justice.


Book Synopsis Ending Mass Incarceration by : Inimai Chettiar

Download or read book Ending Mass Incarceration written by Inimai Chettiar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American public has decisively concluded that our approach to criminal justice isn’t working. Mass incarceration is the civil rights crisis of our time. The racial disparities pervasive in our justice system compound at every juncture: African Americans are more likely to be stopped by police, arrested, detained before trial, and given harsher sentences than whites. Worse, the disparities in our justice system perpetuate racial inequity in our society more broadly. In this remarkable collaboration, the country’s most prominent lawmakers and activists join together to propose ideas for transformative change. In these essays, they lay out their proposals to reduce the prison population and challenge our very conception of justice reform, paving the way for far-reaching political and cultural change. Marking a clear shift from the draconian rhetoric of the past, these essays take on the web of harmful policies that fuel mass incarceration and diminish opportunities for communities of color. How do we achieve change? From eliminating prison for lower-level crimes to incentivizing states to decarcerate, from ending money bail to abolishing private prisons, from reforming housing and employment laws to changing the public perception of the justice system and cultivating respect for all lives, the ideas in this book offer a path forward: one rooted in fairness, equality, and humanity. The second volume in the series, Ending Mass Incarceration: Ideas from Today’s Leaders aims to further the momentum needed to achieve that vision. It builds on the 2015 Brennan Center publication profiling the Voices of national leaders, Solutions: American Leaders Speak Out on Criminal Justice.


Break Every Yoke

Break Every Yoke

Author: Joshua Dubler

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 0190949155

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Changes in the American religious landscape enabled the rise of mass incarceration. Religious ideas and practices also offer a key for ending mass incarceration. These are the bold claims advanced by Break Every Yoke, the joint work of two activist-scholars of American religion. Once, in an era not too long past, Americans, both incarcerated and free, spoke a language of social liberation animated by religion. In the era of mass incarceration, we have largely forgotten how to dream-and organize-this way. To end mass incarceration we must reclaim this lost tradition. Properly conceived, the movement we need must demand not prison reform but prison abolition. Break Every Yoke weaves religion into the stories about race, politics, and economics that conventionally account for America's grotesque prison expansion of the last half century, and in so doing it sheds new light on one of our era's biggest human catastrophes. By foregrounding the role of religion in the way political elites, religious institutions, and incarcerated activists talk about incarceration, Break Every Yoke is an effort to stretch the American moral imagination and contribute resources toward envisioning alternative ways of doing justice. By looking back to nineteenth century abolitionism, and by turning to today's grassroots activists, it argues for reclaiming the abolition "spirit."


Book Synopsis Break Every Yoke by : Joshua Dubler

Download or read book Break Every Yoke written by Joshua Dubler and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in the American religious landscape enabled the rise of mass incarceration. Religious ideas and practices also offer a key for ending mass incarceration. These are the bold claims advanced by Break Every Yoke, the joint work of two activist-scholars of American religion. Once, in an era not too long past, Americans, both incarcerated and free, spoke a language of social liberation animated by religion. In the era of mass incarceration, we have largely forgotten how to dream-and organize-this way. To end mass incarceration we must reclaim this lost tradition. Properly conceived, the movement we need must demand not prison reform but prison abolition. Break Every Yoke weaves religion into the stories about race, politics, and economics that conventionally account for America's grotesque prison expansion of the last half century, and in so doing it sheds new light on one of our era's biggest human catastrophes. By foregrounding the role of religion in the way political elites, religious institutions, and incarcerated activists talk about incarceration, Break Every Yoke is an effort to stretch the American moral imagination and contribute resources toward envisioning alternative ways of doing justice. By looking back to nineteenth century abolitionism, and by turning to today's grassroots activists, it argues for reclaiming the abolition "spirit."


Justice Restored

Justice Restored

Author: Howell W. Woltz

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-04-06

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 9781515293941

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International bestseller "Justice Restored," by veteran author and journalist, Howell Woltz, ("Justice Denied", "The Way Back to America", "The Path" and "Gulag Amerika") is his most explosive expos� to date of America's failed judicial system. Woltz proves in this highly readable expos� that U.S. prosecutors knowingly (or uncaringly) "get it wrong" in 8 out of every 10 cases they bring before U.S. courts. After speaking out on this issue publicly, (TEDx talk in 2014), Woltz was threatened by U.S. officials in an effort to silence him. This ultimately led to his leaving the country to continue his work (Woltz now lives in Poland), though his facts have been acknowledged true by reviewing state and federal courts. 5,760 capital cases--almost every such case over a 23 year period--has now been reviewed by state and federal courts and 73% of them were proven to have "reversible error", while 9% of the defendants were proven by the record itself to have been innocent when targeted by the prosecutor. (see, A BROKEN SYSTEM: ERROR RATES IN CAPITAL CASES, Prof. James S. Liebman, Columbia University). After indisputably proving the need for reform in the early pages of Justice Restore, Woltz then lays out a 10 step plan to restore our system of justice to what it once was. These steps back to Rule of Law are each buttressed by a heartbreaking personal story of a wrongfully convicted citizen the author personally assisted in seeking justice."Justice Restored: 10 steps to end mass incarceration in America" has been endorsed by The Center for Teaching the Rule of Law, and is considered a must read for every U.S. citizen.As admitted by the federal government, "The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that 71 million people--approximately 25 percent of the American population--have a criminal record." (BNA Criminal Law Reporter, May of 2010).With only 5% of the world's population, the United States holds 25% of its prisoners--a record for human history. No nation has ever incarcerated so many of its own citizens.Woltz has given a clear roadmap for ending this national disaster in "Justice Restored"and in an interview on Public Radio, he recently stated, "If anyone had told me 30 years ago that I could write a book on the unlikely topic of 'mass incarceration in America'--or that it would become a best-seller--I would have never believed it. 1/4 of the American population, however, has now suffered these injustices personally--as well as their families--and they are the ones who have made 'Justice Restored' an international bestseller."Buy Justice Restored today. Available on Amazon in the U.S. and Europe.To learn more about the author, visit Justice Restored's website:www.justicerestored.com


Book Synopsis Justice Restored by : Howell W. Woltz

Download or read book Justice Restored written by Howell W. Woltz and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International bestseller "Justice Restored," by veteran author and journalist, Howell Woltz, ("Justice Denied", "The Way Back to America", "The Path" and "Gulag Amerika") is his most explosive expos� to date of America's failed judicial system. Woltz proves in this highly readable expos� that U.S. prosecutors knowingly (or uncaringly) "get it wrong" in 8 out of every 10 cases they bring before U.S. courts. After speaking out on this issue publicly, (TEDx talk in 2014), Woltz was threatened by U.S. officials in an effort to silence him. This ultimately led to his leaving the country to continue his work (Woltz now lives in Poland), though his facts have been acknowledged true by reviewing state and federal courts. 5,760 capital cases--almost every such case over a 23 year period--has now been reviewed by state and federal courts and 73% of them were proven to have "reversible error", while 9% of the defendants were proven by the record itself to have been innocent when targeted by the prosecutor. (see, A BROKEN SYSTEM: ERROR RATES IN CAPITAL CASES, Prof. James S. Liebman, Columbia University). After indisputably proving the need for reform in the early pages of Justice Restore, Woltz then lays out a 10 step plan to restore our system of justice to what it once was. These steps back to Rule of Law are each buttressed by a heartbreaking personal story of a wrongfully convicted citizen the author personally assisted in seeking justice."Justice Restored: 10 steps to end mass incarceration in America" has been endorsed by The Center for Teaching the Rule of Law, and is considered a must read for every U.S. citizen.As admitted by the federal government, "The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that 71 million people--approximately 25 percent of the American population--have a criminal record." (BNA Criminal Law Reporter, May of 2010).With only 5% of the world's population, the United States holds 25% of its prisoners--a record for human history. No nation has ever incarcerated so many of its own citizens.Woltz has given a clear roadmap for ending this national disaster in "Justice Restored"and in an interview on Public Radio, he recently stated, "If anyone had told me 30 years ago that I could write a book on the unlikely topic of 'mass incarceration in America'--or that it would become a best-seller--I would have never believed it. 1/4 of the American population, however, has now suffered these injustices personally--as well as their families--and they are the ones who have made 'Justice Restored' an international bestseller."Buy Justice Restored today. Available on Amazon in the U.S. and Europe.To learn more about the author, visit Justice Restored's website:www.justicerestored.com


Prison Break

Prison Break

Author: David Dagan

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2016-05-02

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0190246464

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American conservatism rose hand-in-hand with the growth of mass incarceration. For decades, conservatives deployed "tough on crime" rhetoric to attack liberals as out-of-touch elitists who coddled criminals while the nation spiraled toward disorder. As a result, conservatives have been the motive force in building our vast prison system. Indeed, expanding the number of Americans under lock and key was long a point of pride for politicians on the right - even as the U.S. prison population eclipsed international records. Over the last few years, conservatives in Washington, D.C. and in bright-red states like Georgia and Texas, have reversed course, and are now leading the charge to curb prison growth. In Prison Break, David Dagan and Steve Teles explain how this striking turn of events occurred, how it will affect mass incarceration, and what it teaches us about achieving policy breakthroughs in our polarized age. Combining insights from law, sociology, and political science, Teles and Dagan will offer the first comprehensive account of this major political shift. In a challenge to the conventional wisdom, they argue that the fiscal pressures brought on by recession are only a small part of the explanation for the conservatives' shift, over-shadowed by Republicans' increasing anti-statism, the waning efficacy of "tough on crime" politics and the increasing engagement of evangelicals. These forces set the stage for a small cadre of conservative leaders to reframe criminal justice in terms of redeeming wayward souls and rolling back government. These developments have created the potential to significantly reduce mass incarceration, but only if reformers on both the right and the left play their cards right. As Dagan and Teles stress, there is also a broader lesson in this story about the conditions for cross-party cooperation in our polarized age. Partisan identity, they argue, generally precedes position-taking, and policy breakthroughs are unlikely to come by "reaching across the aisle," promoting "compromise," or appealing to "expert opinion." Instead, change happens when political movements redefine their own orthodoxies for their own reasons. As Dagan and Teles show, outsiders can assist in this process - and they played a crucial role in the case of criminal justice - but they cannot manufacture it. This book will not only reshape our understanding of conservatism and American penal policy, but also force us to reconsider the drivers of policy innovation in the context of American politics.


Book Synopsis Prison Break by : David Dagan

Download or read book Prison Break written by David Dagan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American conservatism rose hand-in-hand with the growth of mass incarceration. For decades, conservatives deployed "tough on crime" rhetoric to attack liberals as out-of-touch elitists who coddled criminals while the nation spiraled toward disorder. As a result, conservatives have been the motive force in building our vast prison system. Indeed, expanding the number of Americans under lock and key was long a point of pride for politicians on the right - even as the U.S. prison population eclipsed international records. Over the last few years, conservatives in Washington, D.C. and in bright-red states like Georgia and Texas, have reversed course, and are now leading the charge to curb prison growth. In Prison Break, David Dagan and Steve Teles explain how this striking turn of events occurred, how it will affect mass incarceration, and what it teaches us about achieving policy breakthroughs in our polarized age. Combining insights from law, sociology, and political science, Teles and Dagan will offer the first comprehensive account of this major political shift. In a challenge to the conventional wisdom, they argue that the fiscal pressures brought on by recession are only a small part of the explanation for the conservatives' shift, over-shadowed by Republicans' increasing anti-statism, the waning efficacy of "tough on crime" politics and the increasing engagement of evangelicals. These forces set the stage for a small cadre of conservative leaders to reframe criminal justice in terms of redeeming wayward souls and rolling back government. These developments have created the potential to significantly reduce mass incarceration, but only if reformers on both the right and the left play their cards right. As Dagan and Teles stress, there is also a broader lesson in this story about the conditions for cross-party cooperation in our polarized age. Partisan identity, they argue, generally precedes position-taking, and policy breakthroughs are unlikely to come by "reaching across the aisle," promoting "compromise," or appealing to "expert opinion." Instead, change happens when political movements redefine their own orthodoxies for their own reasons. As Dagan and Teles show, outsiders can assist in this process - and they played a crucial role in the case of criminal justice - but they cannot manufacture it. This book will not only reshape our understanding of conservatism and American penal policy, but also force us to reconsider the drivers of policy innovation in the context of American politics.