Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease

Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease

Author: Matthias Barton

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 3805597940

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A comprehensive reference book on basic and clinical aspects Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide that exerts uniquely potent and long-lasting effects on the kidney, including regulation of water and electrolyte excretion, blood pressure, cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis. During the past 10 years, the field has evolved rapidly; we are now uncovering the potential importance of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in the treatment of kidney disease. This book reviews experimental concepts, preclinical studies and clinical data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between endothelin and kidney disease. Acclaimed experts in pharmacology, molecular biology, physiology, cardiovascular medicine, and nephrology have contributed timely reviews dealing with renal pharmacology and physiology of endothelin, the role of endothelin in renal disease development and ERAs in preclinical studies, and the current state of clinical development of ERA therapy in renal medicine. The publication at hand will be a valuable reference source for nephrologists, internists and other healthcare professionals, renal physiologists and molecular biologists, post-doctoral researchers and students in the life sciences, as well as for scientists and decision makers in drug research and development.


Book Synopsis Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease by : Matthias Barton

Download or read book Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease written by Matthias Barton and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference book on basic and clinical aspects Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide that exerts uniquely potent and long-lasting effects on the kidney, including regulation of water and electrolyte excretion, blood pressure, cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis. During the past 10 years, the field has evolved rapidly; we are now uncovering the potential importance of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in the treatment of kidney disease. This book reviews experimental concepts, preclinical studies and clinical data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between endothelin and kidney disease. Acclaimed experts in pharmacology, molecular biology, physiology, cardiovascular medicine, and nephrology have contributed timely reviews dealing with renal pharmacology and physiology of endothelin, the role of endothelin in renal disease development and ERAs in preclinical studies, and the current state of clinical development of ERA therapy in renal medicine. The publication at hand will be a valuable reference source for nephrologists, internists and other healthcare professionals, renal physiologists and molecular biologists, post-doctoral researchers and students in the life sciences, as well as for scientists and decision makers in drug research and development.

Endothelin in the Kidney

Endothelin in the Kidney

Author: David Pollock

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2011-11-01

Total Pages: 90

ISBN-13: 1615042113

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The discovery of a potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin (ET)-1, derived from vascular endothelial cells was among a variety of key lines of investigation that helped to fuel a major explosion of studies related to endothelial cell biology. This was particularly evident within the pharmaceutical industry where receptor antagonists were quickly developed and are now on the market for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and in development for other diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and cancer. Importantly, we know that the kidney contains the highest level of ET-1 production and receptor expression in the body where it has been demonstrated to function as a pro-natriuretic autocrine and paracrine factor that is activated in conditions of high salt intake. This eBook provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby ET-1 has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions that include direct effects on tubular transport, intrarenal hemodynamics, as well as neural and endocrine functions. Much has yet to be discerned, but it is clear that the ET system is a major physiological regulator of fluid-electrolyte balance and blood pressure through these renal actions. Table of Contents: Discovery of Endothelin / Basic Biology of the Endothelin System / Renal Localization / Renal Hemodynamics / Renal Tubular Actions of Endothelin / Endothelin in Neural Modulation of Renal Function / Physiological Role of Endothelin / Endothelin in Renal Pathology / References / Author Biographies


Book Synopsis Endothelin in the Kidney by : David Pollock

Download or read book Endothelin in the Kidney written by David Pollock and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of a potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin (ET)-1, derived from vascular endothelial cells was among a variety of key lines of investigation that helped to fuel a major explosion of studies related to endothelial cell biology. This was particularly evident within the pharmaceutical industry where receptor antagonists were quickly developed and are now on the market for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and in development for other diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and cancer. Importantly, we know that the kidney contains the highest level of ET-1 production and receptor expression in the body where it has been demonstrated to function as a pro-natriuretic autocrine and paracrine factor that is activated in conditions of high salt intake. This eBook provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby ET-1 has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions that include direct effects on tubular transport, intrarenal hemodynamics, as well as neural and endocrine functions. Much has yet to be discerned, but it is clear that the ET system is a major physiological regulator of fluid-electrolyte balance and blood pressure through these renal actions. Table of Contents: Discovery of Endothelin / Basic Biology of the Endothelin System / Renal Localization / Renal Hemodynamics / Renal Tubular Actions of Endothelin / Endothelin in Neural Modulation of Renal Function / Physiological Role of Endothelin / Endothelin in Renal Pathology / References / Author Biographies

Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition

Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition

Author: Ulla C. Kopp

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2018-07-17

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 161504776X

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The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension.


Book Synopsis Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition by : Ulla C. Kopp

Download or read book Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition written by Ulla C. Kopp and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension.

Endothelin

Endothelin

Author: Robert F. Highsmith

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1475727836

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A unique, integrated collection of original contributions on the molecular biology, physiology, and pathology of endothelin. Leading academic, clinical, and industrial researchers summarize the dramatic recent progress in endothelin research and indicate the optimal direction of future studies. The contributors produce a critical evaluation of endothelin chemistry and pharmacology, its mechanism of action, and its physiological functions. The book is certain to become the new standard reference source for both basic scientists and informed clinicians who want a clear idea of the roles endothelin may play in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.


Book Synopsis Endothelin by : Robert F. Highsmith

Download or read book Endothelin written by Robert F. Highsmith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, integrated collection of original contributions on the molecular biology, physiology, and pathology of endothelin. Leading academic, clinical, and industrial researchers summarize the dramatic recent progress in endothelin research and indicate the optimal direction of future studies. The contributors produce a critical evaluation of endothelin chemistry and pharmacology, its mechanism of action, and its physiological functions. The book is certain to become the new standard reference source for both basic scientists and informed clinicians who want a clear idea of the roles endothelin may play in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.

Endothelin

Endothelin

Author: Gabor M Rubanyi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-05-27

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 1461475147

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Merely three years after the discovery of endothelin, a large amount of information has been generated about the molecular biology, biosynthesis, biological actions and potential physiological and pathological importance of this unique peptide and its isoforms. This first book on endothelins summarizes the early events which lead to the discovery of endothelin, the progress made in understanding the peptide's physiological role, and the current state-of-the-art in contemporary endothelin research. The book also discusses the potential significance of endothelins in health and disease, covers the potential role of the peptides in the integrated control of the cardiovascular system, and outlines future research directions. This comprehensive monograph is an indispensable reference for basic scientists and clinicians.


Book Synopsis Endothelin by : Gabor M Rubanyi

Download or read book Endothelin written by Gabor M Rubanyi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Merely three years after the discovery of endothelin, a large amount of information has been generated about the molecular biology, biosynthesis, biological actions and potential physiological and pathological importance of this unique peptide and its isoforms. This first book on endothelins summarizes the early events which lead to the discovery of endothelin, the progress made in understanding the peptide's physiological role, and the current state-of-the-art in contemporary endothelin research. The book also discusses the potential significance of endothelins in health and disease, covers the potential role of the peptides in the integrated control of the cardiovascular system, and outlines future research directions. This comprehensive monograph is an indispensable reference for basic scientists and clinicians.

Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease

Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease

Author: M. Barton

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2011-09-01

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 3805597959

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Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide that exerts uniquely potent and long-lasting effects on the kidney, including regulation of water and electrolyte excretion, blood pressure, cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis. During the past 10 years, the field has evolved rapidly; we are now uncovering the potential importance of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in the treatment of kidney disease.This book reviews experimental concepts, preclinical studies and clinical data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between endothelin and kidney disease. Acclaimed experts in pharmacology, molecular biology, physiology, cardiovascular medicine, and nephrology have contributed timely reviews dealing with renal pharmacology and physiology of endothelin, the role of endothelin in renal disease development and ERAs in preclinical studies, and the current state of clinical development of ERA therapy in renal medicine.The publication at hand will be a valuable reference source for nephrologists, internists and other healthcare professionals, renal physiologists and molecular biologists, post-doctoral researchers and students in the life sciences, as well as for scientists and decision makers in drug research and development.


Book Synopsis Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease by : M. Barton

Download or read book Endothelin in Renal Physiology and Disease written by M. Barton and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide that exerts uniquely potent and long-lasting effects on the kidney, including regulation of water and electrolyte excretion, blood pressure, cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis. During the past 10 years, the field has evolved rapidly; we are now uncovering the potential importance of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in the treatment of kidney disease.This book reviews experimental concepts, preclinical studies and clinical data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between endothelin and kidney disease. Acclaimed experts in pharmacology, molecular biology, physiology, cardiovascular medicine, and nephrology have contributed timely reviews dealing with renal pharmacology and physiology of endothelin, the role of endothelin in renal disease development and ERAs in preclinical studies, and the current state of clinical development of ERA therapy in renal medicine.The publication at hand will be a valuable reference source for nephrologists, internists and other healthcare professionals, renal physiologists and molecular biologists, post-doctoral researchers and students in the life sciences, as well as for scientists and decision makers in drug research and development.

The Endothelins

The Endothelins

Author: Winifred G. Nayler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 364275872X

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"What we call the beginning is often the end, and to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from." T. S. ELIOT, "Geroniton" The discovery of endothelin-l was both an end and a beginning. It is an end because this discovery has started a plethora of investigations as to endothe1in's sites of production, mode of action, it's normal and abnormal physiological role and its involvement in a variety of pathological conditions ranging from renal failure to myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, hyperten sion, cyclosporine induced toxicity, mental depression, renal failure, stress related illness, and even stroke and sudden death. It is a beginning because no one can foresee where the investigations will ultimately lead, or how they will end. The discovery of the endothelins was a very recent event and soon specialist books will start to appear dealing in detail with different aspects of their chemistry, physiological role and pathological importance. The present book is intended to act as a guide and primer for those who are becoming intrigued by the many endothelin related articles which are now appearing in the journals but who as yet have not had the time or opportunity to be caught up in the web of enthusiasm and excitement which is motivating those more directly involved in the field of research.


Book Synopsis The Endothelins by : Winifred G. Nayler

Download or read book The Endothelins written by Winifred G. Nayler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What we call the beginning is often the end, and to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from." T. S. ELIOT, "Geroniton" The discovery of endothelin-l was both an end and a beginning. It is an end because this discovery has started a plethora of investigations as to endothe1in's sites of production, mode of action, it's normal and abnormal physiological role and its involvement in a variety of pathological conditions ranging from renal failure to myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, hyperten sion, cyclosporine induced toxicity, mental depression, renal failure, stress related illness, and even stroke and sudden death. It is a beginning because no one can foresee where the investigations will ultimately lead, or how they will end. The discovery of the endothelins was a very recent event and soon specialist books will start to appear dealing in detail with different aspects of their chemistry, physiological role and pathological importance. The present book is intended to act as a guide and primer for those who are becoming intrigued by the many endothelin related articles which are now appearing in the journals but who as yet have not had the time or opportunity to be caught up in the web of enthusiasm and excitement which is motivating those more directly involved in the field of research.

Biomarkers in Kidney Disease

Biomarkers in Kidney Disease

Author: Vinood B. Patel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-11

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789400776982

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In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.


Book Synopsis Biomarkers in Kidney Disease by : Vinood B. Patel

Download or read book Biomarkers in Kidney Disease written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.

The Endothelium

The Endothelium

Author: Michel Félétou

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1615041230

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The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References


Book Synopsis The Endothelium by : Michel Félétou

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology

Author: Neil N. Turner

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2015-10-29

Total Pages: 3045

ISBN-13: 0191017655

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This fourth edition of the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology builds on the success and international reputation of the publication as an important resource for the practising clinician in the field. It provides practical, scholarly, and evidence-based coverage of the full spectrum of clinical nephrology, written by a global faculty of experts. The most relevant and important reference to clinical nephrology, this is an authoritative and comprehensive textbook combining the clinical aspects of renal disease essential to daily clinical practice with extensive information about the underlying basic science and current evidence available. Each section of the textbook has been critically and comprehensively edited under the auspices of a leading expert in the field. This new edition has been significantly expanded and reapportioned to reflect developments and new approaches to topics, and includes treatment algorithms to aid and enhance patient care where possible. The fourth edition offers increased focus on the medical aspects of transplantation, HIV-associated renal disease, and infection and renal disease, alongside entirely new sections on genetic topics and clinical and physiological aspects of fluid/electrolyte and tubular disorders. The emphasis throughout is on marrying advances in scientific research with clinical management. Richly illustrated throughout in full colour, this is a truly modern and attractive edition which reinforces the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology's position as an indispensable reference work of consistent quality and reliability. Enriched and refined by careful revision, this new edition continues the tradition of excellence. This print edition of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology comes with a year's access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge and download all the figures and tables. Oxford Medicine Online is mobile optimized for access when and where you need it.


Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology by : Neil N. Turner

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology written by Neil N. Turner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 3045 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology builds on the success and international reputation of the publication as an important resource for the practising clinician in the field. It provides practical, scholarly, and evidence-based coverage of the full spectrum of clinical nephrology, written by a global faculty of experts. The most relevant and important reference to clinical nephrology, this is an authoritative and comprehensive textbook combining the clinical aspects of renal disease essential to daily clinical practice with extensive information about the underlying basic science and current evidence available. Each section of the textbook has been critically and comprehensively edited under the auspices of a leading expert in the field. This new edition has been significantly expanded and reapportioned to reflect developments and new approaches to topics, and includes treatment algorithms to aid and enhance patient care where possible. The fourth edition offers increased focus on the medical aspects of transplantation, HIV-associated renal disease, and infection and renal disease, alongside entirely new sections on genetic topics and clinical and physiological aspects of fluid/electrolyte and tubular disorders. The emphasis throughout is on marrying advances in scientific research with clinical management. Richly illustrated throughout in full colour, this is a truly modern and attractive edition which reinforces the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology's position as an indispensable reference work of consistent quality and reliability. Enriched and refined by careful revision, this new edition continues the tradition of excellence. This print edition of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology comes with a year's access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge and download all the figures and tables. Oxford Medicine Online is mobile optimized for access when and where you need it.