Environmental Regulation and Compulsory Public Disclosure

Environmental Regulation and Compulsory Public Disclosure

Author: Shakeb Afsah

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 151

ISBN-13: 0415657652

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This book is a remarkable case study of an environmental policy initiative for a national environmental regulatory system in the information age. In 1995 the Indonesian Ministry of Environment took the bold step to launch an environmental disclosure initiative called the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER). Under PROPER, environmental performance of companies is mapped into a five-color grading scale - Gold for excellent, Green for very good, Blue for good, Red for non-compliance, and Black for causing environmental damage. These ratings are then publicly disclosed through a formal press conference and posted on the internet. Not only did this simple rating scheme create a major media buzz and enhanced environmental awareness of the general public, but it also unleashed a wide range of performance incentives that showed how markets with environmental information could function in a developing country setting. The authors provide a multidisciplinary analysis of how the PROPER program harnessed the power of public disclosure to abate the problem of industrial pollution. They describe how the program has successfully improved the average environmental compliance rate from close to thrity per cent in 1995 to as high as seventy per cent in 2011. This improvement was driven primarily by information disclosure, which avoided expensive and unpredictable legal enforcement through the court system of Indonesia. The combination of institutional history and detailed economic and analyses sheds light on the role of policy entrepreneurs who laid the foundation for disclosure and transparency, despite the constraints of the Suharto regime. The PROPER program is now internationally recognized and continues to serve as a model for many developing countries.


Book Synopsis Environmental Regulation and Compulsory Public Disclosure by : Shakeb Afsah

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Compulsory Public Disclosure written by Shakeb Afsah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a remarkable case study of an environmental policy initiative for a national environmental regulatory system in the information age. In 1995 the Indonesian Ministry of Environment took the bold step to launch an environmental disclosure initiative called the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER). Under PROPER, environmental performance of companies is mapped into a five-color grading scale - Gold for excellent, Green for very good, Blue for good, Red for non-compliance, and Black for causing environmental damage. These ratings are then publicly disclosed through a formal press conference and posted on the internet. Not only did this simple rating scheme create a major media buzz and enhanced environmental awareness of the general public, but it also unleashed a wide range of performance incentives that showed how markets with environmental information could function in a developing country setting. The authors provide a multidisciplinary analysis of how the PROPER program harnessed the power of public disclosure to abate the problem of industrial pollution. They describe how the program has successfully improved the average environmental compliance rate from close to thrity per cent in 1995 to as high as seventy per cent in 2011. This improvement was driven primarily by information disclosure, which avoided expensive and unpredictable legal enforcement through the court system of Indonesia. The combination of institutional history and detailed economic and analyses sheds light on the role of policy entrepreneurs who laid the foundation for disclosure and transparency, despite the constraints of the Suharto regime. The PROPER program is now internationally recognized and continues to serve as a model for many developing countries.

Environmental Regulation and Public Disclosure

Environmental Regulation and Public Disclosure

Author: Shakeb Afsah

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-03-05

Total Pages: 150

ISBN-13: 1135127093

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This book is a remarkable case study of an environmental policy initiative for a national environmental regulatory system in the information age. In 1995 the Indonesian Ministry of Environment took the bold step to launch an environmental disclosure initiative called the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER). Under PROPER, environmental performance of companies is mapped into a five-color grading scale – Gold for excellent, Green for very good, Blue for good, Red for non-compliance, and Black for causing environmental damage. These ratings are then publicly disclosed through a formal press conference and posted on the internet. Not only did this simple rating scheme create a major media buzz and enhanced environmental awareness of the general public, but it also unleashed a wide range of performance incentives that showed how markets with environmental information could function in a developing country setting. The authors provide a multidisciplinary analysis of how the PROPER program harnessed the power of public disclosure to abate the problem of industrial pollution. They describe how the program has successfully improved the average environmental compliance rate from close to thrity per cent in 1995 to as high as seventy per cent in 2011. This improvement was driven primarily by information disclosure, which avoided expensive and unpredictable legal enforcement through the court system of Indonesia. The combination of institutional history and detailed economic and analyses sheds light on the role of policy entrepreneurs who laid the foundation for disclosure and transparency, despite the constraints of the Suharto regime. The PROPER program is now internationally recognized and continues to serve as a model for many developing countries.


Book Synopsis Environmental Regulation and Public Disclosure by : Shakeb Afsah

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Public Disclosure written by Shakeb Afsah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a remarkable case study of an environmental policy initiative for a national environmental regulatory system in the information age. In 1995 the Indonesian Ministry of Environment took the bold step to launch an environmental disclosure initiative called the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER). Under PROPER, environmental performance of companies is mapped into a five-color grading scale – Gold for excellent, Green for very good, Blue for good, Red for non-compliance, and Black for causing environmental damage. These ratings are then publicly disclosed through a formal press conference and posted on the internet. Not only did this simple rating scheme create a major media buzz and enhanced environmental awareness of the general public, but it also unleashed a wide range of performance incentives that showed how markets with environmental information could function in a developing country setting. The authors provide a multidisciplinary analysis of how the PROPER program harnessed the power of public disclosure to abate the problem of industrial pollution. They describe how the program has successfully improved the average environmental compliance rate from close to thrity per cent in 1995 to as high as seventy per cent in 2011. This improvement was driven primarily by information disclosure, which avoided expensive and unpredictable legal enforcement through the court system of Indonesia. The combination of institutional history and detailed economic and analyses sheds light on the role of policy entrepreneurs who laid the foundation for disclosure and transparency, despite the constraints of the Suharto regime. The PROPER program is now internationally recognized and continues to serve as a model for many developing countries.

Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure

Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure

Author: Dirk Bünger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-10-20

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 3642227570

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It is the publicity about the Pollutant Release Inventory’s data which creates an incentive for firms to achieve emission reductions. Accordingly, public access to environmental information constitutes a core characteristic of the aforementioned inventory. Here, in essence, two facets arise. First, with regard to the collection, it is disputed whether such information, which may comprise confidential commercial and industrial information in the EU as well as trade secrets in the US, can be protected under fundamental and constitutional property rights respectively. Second, in the context of dissemination and utilisation, it is arguable whether the information indeed impacts polluters and produces an outcome that secures a certain level of environmental protection. The author responds to the first issue by taking the EU and US jurisdictions into account and strives to analyse how this novel form of Internet disclosure liberates market mechanisms in the quest for effective and efficient emission reductions.


Book Synopsis Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure by : Dirk Bünger

Download or read book Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure written by Dirk Bünger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the publicity about the Pollutant Release Inventory’s data which creates an incentive for firms to achieve emission reductions. Accordingly, public access to environmental information constitutes a core characteristic of the aforementioned inventory. Here, in essence, two facets arise. First, with regard to the collection, it is disputed whether such information, which may comprise confidential commercial and industrial information in the EU as well as trade secrets in the US, can be protected under fundamental and constitutional property rights respectively. Second, in the context of dissemination and utilisation, it is arguable whether the information indeed impacts polluters and produces an outcome that secures a certain level of environmental protection. The author responds to the first issue by taking the EU and US jurisdictions into account and strives to analyse how this novel form of Internet disclosure liberates market mechanisms in the quest for effective and efficient emission reductions.

Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement

Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement

Author: Robert V. Percival

Publisher: Aspen Publishing

Published: 2021-08-16

Total Pages: 2723

ISBN-13: 1543841368

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This new edition provides an essential resource for students, teachers and practitioners of environmental law by including the complete, updated text of the major federal environmental laws and executive orders governing how agencies implement environmental policy. The supplement also includes significant Supreme Court decisions in cases decided during the last three years. New to the 2021-22 Edition: Edited copies of important new Supreme Court decisions interpreting the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (Guam v. U.S.) and the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club) and ruling on the reviewability of removal orders in state climate litigation (BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore). New regulations governing implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). New Executive Orders from President Biden repealing executive orders issued by President Trump and directing agencies to employ an “all of government” approach to climate change and environmental justice. A complete updating of the major federal environmental statutes, including amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Oil Pollution Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act.


Book Synopsis Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement by : Robert V. Percival

Download or read book Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement written by Robert V. Percival and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 2723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition provides an essential resource for students, teachers and practitioners of environmental law by including the complete, updated text of the major federal environmental laws and executive orders governing how agencies implement environmental policy. The supplement also includes significant Supreme Court decisions in cases decided during the last three years. New to the 2021-22 Edition: Edited copies of important new Supreme Court decisions interpreting the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (Guam v. U.S.) and the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club) and ruling on the reviewability of removal orders in state climate litigation (BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore). New regulations governing implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). New Executive Orders from President Biden repealing executive orders issued by President Trump and directing agencies to employ an “all of government” approach to climate change and environmental justice. A complete updating of the major federal environmental statutes, including amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Oil Pollution Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act.

Incentives for Pollution Control

Incentives for Pollution Control

Author: Jérôme Foulon

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13:

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Both regulation and public disclosure belong in the environmental regulators' arsenal. Strong, clear standards combined with a significant, credible penalty system send the right signals to the regulated community, which responds by lowering pollution emissions. The public disclosure of environmental performance also provides strong additional incentives to control pollution.An increasing number of regulators have adopted public disclosure programs to create incentives for pollution control. Previous empirical analyses of monitoring and enforcement issues have focused strictly on the impact of such traditional practices as monitoring (inspections) and enforcement (fines and penalties) on polluters' environmental performance. Other analyses have separately focused on the impact of public disclosure programs. But can these programs create incentives in addition to the normal incentives of fines and penalties?Foulon, Lanoie, and Laplante study the impact of both traditional enforcement and information strategies in the context of a single program, to gain insights into the relative impact of traditional (fines and penalties) and emerging (public disclosure) enforcement strategies. Their results suggest that the public disclosure strategy adopted by the province of British Columbia, Canada, has a greater impact on both emission levels and compliance status than do orders, fines, and penalties traditionally imposed by the courts and the Ministry of the Environment.But their results also demonstrate that adopting stricter standards and higher penalties also significantly affected emission levels. Policymakers, take note: The presence of strong, clear standards together with a significant, credible penalty system sends appropriate signals to the regulated community, which responds by lowering pollution emissions.The public disclosure of environmental performance creates strong additional incentives to control pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of environmental performance.


Book Synopsis Incentives for Pollution Control by : Jérôme Foulon

Download or read book Incentives for Pollution Control written by Jérôme Foulon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both regulation and public disclosure belong in the environmental regulators' arsenal. Strong, clear standards combined with a significant, credible penalty system send the right signals to the regulated community, which responds by lowering pollution emissions. The public disclosure of environmental performance also provides strong additional incentives to control pollution.An increasing number of regulators have adopted public disclosure programs to create incentives for pollution control. Previous empirical analyses of monitoring and enforcement issues have focused strictly on the impact of such traditional practices as monitoring (inspections) and enforcement (fines and penalties) on polluters' environmental performance. Other analyses have separately focused on the impact of public disclosure programs. But can these programs create incentives in addition to the normal incentives of fines and penalties?Foulon, Lanoie, and Laplante study the impact of both traditional enforcement and information strategies in the context of a single program, to gain insights into the relative impact of traditional (fines and penalties) and emerging (public disclosure) enforcement strategies. Their results suggest that the public disclosure strategy adopted by the province of British Columbia, Canada, has a greater impact on both emission levels and compliance status than do orders, fines, and penalties traditionally imposed by the courts and the Ministry of the Environment.But their results also demonstrate that adopting stricter standards and higher penalties also significantly affected emission levels. Policymakers, take note: The presence of strong, clear standards together with a significant, credible penalty system sends appropriate signals to the regulated community, which responds by lowering pollution emissions.The public disclosure of environmental performance creates strong additional incentives to control pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of environmental performance.

Environmental Regulation

Environmental Regulation

Author: Robert V. Percival

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 1082

ISBN-13:

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This comprehensive yet highly accessible casebook earned its loyal following by exploring and explaining both environmental regulations and the policy considerations that shape them. In its Fourth Edition, Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy also presents a wide range of new material to reflect significant developments in the area.The casebook provides a smooth introduction to the complex web of environmental law: - twelve self-contained chapters supply comprehensive coverage while giving instructors flexibility in organizing their courses - the detailed policy examination focuses not only on the substance of environmental statutes, but also on how they are translated into regulations and how they influence real-world behavior - effective teaching and study guides appear throughout the book, including charts and diagrams mapping the structure of each of the major environmental statutes, realistic problems and questions, "pathfinders" explaining where to find crucial source materials for every major subject area, an extensive glossary, and a list of acronyms - this clear text is written with the nonspecialist in mind - a Teacher's Manual provides detailed suggestions for class use, and a website, www.law.umaryland.edu/environment/casebook, enables students to learn more about topics of particular interest and to keep up-to-date on current developments in the field - an annual Statutory Supplement and Internet Guide keep the book currentENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: Law, Science, and Policy, has been scrupulously updated to reflect the many significant changes in the law between editions: - significant new Supreme Court cases, including Whitman v. AmericanTrucking Association Inc., Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Palazollo v. Rhode Island, and Sierra-Tahoe Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency - the first use of the Congressional Review Act to veto agency regulations, the Bush administration's use of regulatory review, and an update, on the effects of the Oil Pollution Act in preventing oil spills, and trends in judicial review of agency action - significant changes to Superfund liability from the Superfund Recycling Equity Act and the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act - the latest developments in EPA's long-running saga concerning the definition of solid waste - new problem exercises on the risks of transporting and storing high-level nuclear waste in a central repository in Yucca Mountain, Nevada; on the controversy over regulation of arsenic in drinking water; and on establishing total maximum daily loadings to control non-point source pollutionThis timely revision offers current coverage in a proven-effective format. Be sure to review Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy, Fourth Edition, before you choose materials for your next course.


Book Synopsis Environmental Regulation by : Robert V. Percival

Download or read book Environmental Regulation written by Robert V. Percival and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive yet highly accessible casebook earned its loyal following by exploring and explaining both environmental regulations and the policy considerations that shape them. In its Fourth Edition, Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy also presents a wide range of new material to reflect significant developments in the area.The casebook provides a smooth introduction to the complex web of environmental law: - twelve self-contained chapters supply comprehensive coverage while giving instructors flexibility in organizing their courses - the detailed policy examination focuses not only on the substance of environmental statutes, but also on how they are translated into regulations and how they influence real-world behavior - effective teaching and study guides appear throughout the book, including charts and diagrams mapping the structure of each of the major environmental statutes, realistic problems and questions, "pathfinders" explaining where to find crucial source materials for every major subject area, an extensive glossary, and a list of acronyms - this clear text is written with the nonspecialist in mind - a Teacher's Manual provides detailed suggestions for class use, and a website, www.law.umaryland.edu/environment/casebook, enables students to learn more about topics of particular interest and to keep up-to-date on current developments in the field - an annual Statutory Supplement and Internet Guide keep the book currentENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: Law, Science, and Policy, has been scrupulously updated to reflect the many significant changes in the law between editions: - significant new Supreme Court cases, including Whitman v. AmericanTrucking Association Inc., Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Palazollo v. Rhode Island, and Sierra-Tahoe Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency - the first use of the Congressional Review Act to veto agency regulations, the Bush administration's use of regulatory review, and an update, on the effects of the Oil Pollution Act in preventing oil spills, and trends in judicial review of agency action - significant changes to Superfund liability from the Superfund Recycling Equity Act and the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act - the latest developments in EPA's long-running saga concerning the definition of solid waste - new problem exercises on the risks of transporting and storing high-level nuclear waste in a central repository in Yucca Mountain, Nevada; on the controversy over regulation of arsenic in drinking water; and on establishing total maximum daily loadings to control non-point source pollutionThis timely revision offers current coverage in a proven-effective format. Be sure to review Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy, Fourth Edition, before you choose materials for your next course.

Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement 2023-2024

Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement 2023-2024

Author: Robert V. Percival

Publisher: Aspen Publishing

Published: 2023-08-14

Total Pages: 1437

ISBN-13:

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Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement, can easily be used with any environmental law casebook on the market. Organizing the statutes by subject matter, rather than their location in the U.S. Code, this supplement introduces the statutes with detailed outlines that highlight their most important provisions. The supplement also includes legislative history timelines that trace the evolution of the statutes by explaining when they were enacted and when their most significant amendments were added. This new edition provides an essential resource for students, teachers, and practitioners of environmental law by including the complete, updated text of the major federal environmental laws and executive orders governing how agencies implement environmental policy. The supplement also includes significant Supreme Court decisions in environmental cases decided during the last three years. New to the 2023-24 Edition: Edited copies of important new Supreme Court decisions addressing the scope of federal authority under the Clean Water Act (Sackett v. EPA), application of the dormant commerce clause to state animal welfare regulation (National Ass’n of Pork Producers v. Ross), and EPA’s authority to use the Clean Air Act to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases (West Virginia v. EPA). A complete updating of the major federal environmental statutes, including substantial amendments to the National Environmental Policy Act made by the June 2023 Fiscal Responsibility Act, and changes made by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. New regulations governing the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Professors and students will benefit from: The ability to examine the precise, updated text of the major federal environmental statutes Research tips for locating useful sources of additional information on environmental policy New court decisions released after the publication of the latest casebook edition


Book Synopsis Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement 2023-2024 by : Robert V. Percival

Download or read book Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement 2023-2024 written by Robert V. Percival and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 1437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Law: Statutory and Case Supplement, can easily be used with any environmental law casebook on the market. Organizing the statutes by subject matter, rather than their location in the U.S. Code, this supplement introduces the statutes with detailed outlines that highlight their most important provisions. The supplement also includes legislative history timelines that trace the evolution of the statutes by explaining when they were enacted and when their most significant amendments were added. This new edition provides an essential resource for students, teachers, and practitioners of environmental law by including the complete, updated text of the major federal environmental laws and executive orders governing how agencies implement environmental policy. The supplement also includes significant Supreme Court decisions in environmental cases decided during the last three years. New to the 2023-24 Edition: Edited copies of important new Supreme Court decisions addressing the scope of federal authority under the Clean Water Act (Sackett v. EPA), application of the dormant commerce clause to state animal welfare regulation (National Ass’n of Pork Producers v. Ross), and EPA’s authority to use the Clean Air Act to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases (West Virginia v. EPA). A complete updating of the major federal environmental statutes, including substantial amendments to the National Environmental Policy Act made by the June 2023 Fiscal Responsibility Act, and changes made by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. New regulations governing the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Professors and students will benefit from: The ability to examine the precise, updated text of the major federal environmental statutes Research tips for locating useful sources of additional information on environmental policy New court decisions released after the publication of the latest casebook edition

Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws

Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws

Author: IBP, Inc.

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2013-08-01

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 1433073382

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Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws


Book Synopsis Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws by : IBP, Inc.

Download or read book Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil Ecology, Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws

Chinese Environmental Law

Chinese Environmental Law

Author: Yuhong Zhao

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2021-06-17

Total Pages: 519

ISBN-13: 1107039444

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Analysis of Chinese environmental law with a focus on the development in statutory regulation, institution building and judicial innovation.


Book Synopsis Chinese Environmental Law by : Yuhong Zhao

Download or read book Chinese Environmental Law written by Yuhong Zhao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Chinese environmental law with a focus on the development in statutory regulation, institution building and judicial innovation.

Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making

Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-08-25

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 0309110009

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Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.


Book Synopsis Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making by : National Research Council

Download or read book Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.