Justifying Ethics

Justifying Ethics

Author: Jan Gorecki

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-12-02

Total Pages: 133

ISBN-13: 1351510339

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"Human rights include individual rights against government oppression, such as the right to freedom of thought, religion, speech, assembly, and to a fair system of criminal justice. But even in this basic political sense, ""human rights"" means different things in different historical and cultural contexts and advocacy of such rights has frequently been viewed as subjective. Justifying Ethics offers a thorough critique of the most common attempts to formulate objective standards through appeals to human nature, religion, and reason. Gorecki opens his inquiry by considering the role of norm-making concepts in the history of ethical thought: how standards of rights were claimed to conform to human nature and reason or have been stipulated by an external authoritative source such as God or social contracts. He then shows how such justifications may be discounted on analytical or practical grounds using such examples as divine will, Kantian reason, and the truth value of moral judgments. With respect to empirically grounded appeals to human nature, Gorecki argues against the notion that the innate plasticity of human behavior and potential for social diversity is sufficient grounds for human rights activity without objective justification. The search for justification remains essential in enhancing the persuasiveness of ethical action that aims at the moral ""contagion"" of the people by the human rights experience and the transition from moral acceptance to legal implementation.Broad in intellectual scope, Justifying Ethics draws upon moral and political philosophy, social policy, psychology, history, jurisprudence, and international law to clarify the prerequisites for the success of human rights activity. The book will be of special interest to political theorists, philosophers, sociologists, and human rights activists."


Book Synopsis Justifying Ethics by : Jan Gorecki

Download or read book Justifying Ethics written by Jan Gorecki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human rights include individual rights against government oppression, such as the right to freedom of thought, religion, speech, assembly, and to a fair system of criminal justice. But even in this basic political sense, ""human rights"" means different things in different historical and cultural contexts and advocacy of such rights has frequently been viewed as subjective. Justifying Ethics offers a thorough critique of the most common attempts to formulate objective standards through appeals to human nature, religion, and reason. Gorecki opens his inquiry by considering the role of norm-making concepts in the history of ethical thought: how standards of rights were claimed to conform to human nature and reason or have been stipulated by an external authoritative source such as God or social contracts. He then shows how such justifications may be discounted on analytical or practical grounds using such examples as divine will, Kantian reason, and the truth value of moral judgments. With respect to empirically grounded appeals to human nature, Gorecki argues against the notion that the innate plasticity of human behavior and potential for social diversity is sufficient grounds for human rights activity without objective justification. The search for justification remains essential in enhancing the persuasiveness of ethical action that aims at the moral ""contagion"" of the people by the human rights experience and the transition from moral acceptance to legal implementation.Broad in intellectual scope, Justifying Ethics draws upon moral and political philosophy, social policy, psychology, history, jurisprudence, and international law to clarify the prerequisites for the success of human rights activity. The book will be of special interest to political theorists, philosophers, sociologists, and human rights activists."

Ethics and Justification

Ethics and Justification

Author: Douglas Odegard

Publisher:

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Ethics and Justification by : Douglas Odegard

Download or read book Ethics and Justification written by Douglas Odegard and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics

Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics

Author: B.A. Brody

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 9400927150

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principles. A second solution to this problem is to develop a scale for weighing the significance of the conflicting principles in a given case and for concluding which action should be adopted because it is supported by the weightier considerations in that case. Such a solution seems more realistic than the lexical ordering approach, but the development of such a scale is a problematic task. Still other, more complex solutions are possible. Which is the best solution to this problem of conflicting principles of bioethics? We need a moral theory to answer that question. This is the first reason for concluding that the principles of bioethics are not the true foundations of justified judgment in bioethics. What is the problem of the unclear scope and implications of the principles of bioethics and how can an appeal to moral theory help deal with that problem? The scope of a bioethical principle is the range of cases in which it applies. The implications of a bioethical principle are the conclusions to be derived from that principle in those cases in which it applies. It is clear from a review of the discussions in bioethics that there are major unclarities about the scope and implications of each of the principles. Consider, for example, the principle of autonomy.


Book Synopsis Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics by : B.A. Brody

Download or read book Moral Theory and Moral Judgments in Medical Ethics written by B.A. Brody and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: principles. A second solution to this problem is to develop a scale for weighing the significance of the conflicting principles in a given case and for concluding which action should be adopted because it is supported by the weightier considerations in that case. Such a solution seems more realistic than the lexical ordering approach, but the development of such a scale is a problematic task. Still other, more complex solutions are possible. Which is the best solution to this problem of conflicting principles of bioethics? We need a moral theory to answer that question. This is the first reason for concluding that the principles of bioethics are not the true foundations of justified judgment in bioethics. What is the problem of the unclear scope and implications of the principles of bioethics and how can an appeal to moral theory help deal with that problem? The scope of a bioethical principle is the range of cases in which it applies. The implications of a bioethical principle are the conclusions to be derived from that principle in those cases in which it applies. It is clear from a review of the discussions in bioethics that there are major unclarities about the scope and implications of each of the principles. Consider, for example, the principle of autonomy.

The Justification of The Good

The Justification of The Good

Author: Vladimir Soloviev

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2015-11-18

Total Pages: 548

ISBN-13: 1329698924

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This is Vladimir Soloviev's great work on moral theology, and demonstrates why the Good is man's highest goal. He traces the history of good within society through to Christian Good, which comes from God. Soloviev provides answers to many questions on morals, society, punishment, the good life, and more that one rarely sees in our day.


Book Synopsis The Justification of The Good by : Vladimir Soloviev

Download or read book The Justification of The Good written by Vladimir Soloviev and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Vladimir Soloviev's great work on moral theology, and demonstrates why the Good is man's highest goal. He traces the history of good within society through to Christian Good, which comes from God. Soloviev provides answers to many questions on morals, society, punishment, the good life, and more that one rarely sees in our day.

Morality

Morality

Author: Bernard Gert

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 0195122569

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In this final revision of the classic work, the author has produced the fullest and most sophisticated account of this influential theoretical model. Here, he makes clear that morality is an informal system that does not provide unique answers to every moral question but does always limit the range of morally acceptable options, and so explains why some moral disagreements cannot be resolved. The importance placed on the moral ideals also makes clear that the moral rules are only one part of the moral system. A chapter that is devoted to justifying violations of the rules illustrates how the moral rules are embedded in the system and cannot be adequately understood independently of it. The chapter on reasons includes a new account of what makes one reason better than another and elucidates the complex hybrid nature of rationality.


Book Synopsis Morality by : Bernard Gert

Download or read book Morality written by Bernard Gert and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this final revision of the classic work, the author has produced the fullest and most sophisticated account of this influential theoretical model. Here, he makes clear that morality is an informal system that does not provide unique answers to every moral question but does always limit the range of morally acceptable options, and so explains why some moral disagreements cannot be resolved. The importance placed on the moral ideals also makes clear that the moral rules are only one part of the moral system. A chapter that is devoted to justifying violations of the rules illustrates how the moral rules are embedded in the system and cannot be adequately understood independently of it. The chapter on reasons includes a new account of what makes one reason better than another and elucidates the complex hybrid nature of rationality.

Justice and Justification

Justice and Justification

Author: Norman Daniels

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1996-09-28

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780521467117

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We all have beliefs, even strong convictions, about what is just and fair in our social arrangements. How should these beliefs and the theories of justice that incorporate them guide our thinking about practical matters of justice? This wide-ranging collection of essays by one of the foremost medical ethicists in the United States explores the claim that justification in ethics, whether concerning matters of theory or practice, involves achieving coherence or "reflective equilibrium" (as Rawls has called it) between our moral and nonmoral beliefs. Among the practical issues the volume addresses are the design of health-care institutions, the distribution of goods between the old and the young, and fairness in hiring and firing practices. In combining ethical theory and practical ethics this volume will prove especially valuable to philosophers concerned with ethics and applied ethics, political theorists, bioethicists, and others involved in the study of public policy.


Book Synopsis Justice and Justification by : Norman Daniels

Download or read book Justice and Justification written by Norman Daniels and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all have beliefs, even strong convictions, about what is just and fair in our social arrangements. How should these beliefs and the theories of justice that incorporate them guide our thinking about practical matters of justice? This wide-ranging collection of essays by one of the foremost medical ethicists in the United States explores the claim that justification in ethics, whether concerning matters of theory or practice, involves achieving coherence or "reflective equilibrium" (as Rawls has called it) between our moral and nonmoral beliefs. Among the practical issues the volume addresses are the design of health-care institutions, the distribution of goods between the old and the young, and fairness in hiring and firing practices. In combining ethical theory and practical ethics this volume will prove especially valuable to philosophers concerned with ethics and applied ethics, political theorists, bioethicists, and others involved in the study of public policy.

Ethics and the Laws of War

Ethics and the Laws of War

Author: Antony Lamb

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781138856318

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This book is a study of the moral grounds of laws governing war, and an analysis of the interpretations of those laws from the perspective of the moral grounds.


Book Synopsis Ethics and the Laws of War by : Antony Lamb

Download or read book Ethics and the Laws of War written by Antony Lamb and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of the moral grounds of laws governing war, and an analysis of the interpretations of those laws from the perspective of the moral grounds.

Equal Consideration

Equal Consideration

Author: D. W. Haslett

Publisher: University of Delaware Press

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 9780874133141

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This book presents a comprehensive method for justifying norms of morality and proposes a system by which people's conflicting moral intuitions can be adjudicated. It is based on giving each individual's interests equal consideration and as developed is applicable to norms of all social values.


Book Synopsis Equal Consideration by : D. W. Haslett

Download or read book Equal Consideration written by D. W. Haslett and published by University of Delaware Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive method for justifying norms of morality and proposes a system by which people's conflicting moral intuitions can be adjudicated. It is based on giving each individual's interests equal consideration and as developed is applicable to norms of all social values.

On Justifying Moral Judgements (Routledge Revivals)

On Justifying Moral Judgements (Routledge Revivals)

Author: Lawrence C. Becker

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-06-17

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 1317703278

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Much discussion of morality presupposes that moral judgments are always, at bottom, arbitrary. Moral scepticism, or at least moral relativism, has become common currency among the liberally educated. This remains the case even while political crises become intractable, and it is increasingly apparent that the scope of public policy formulated with no reference to moral justification is extremely limited. The thesis of On Justifying Moral Judgments insists, on the contrary, that rigorous justifications are possible for moral judgments. Crucially, Becker argues for the coordination of the three main approaches to moral theory: axiology, deontology, and agent morality. A pluralistic account of the concept of value is expounded, and a solution to the problem of ultimate justification is suggested. Analyses of valuation, evaluation, the ‘is-ought’ issue, and the concepts of obligation, responsibility and the good person are all incorporated into the main line of argument.


Book Synopsis On Justifying Moral Judgements (Routledge Revivals) by : Lawrence C. Becker

Download or read book On Justifying Moral Judgements (Routledge Revivals) written by Lawrence C. Becker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much discussion of morality presupposes that moral judgments are always, at bottom, arbitrary. Moral scepticism, or at least moral relativism, has become common currency among the liberally educated. This remains the case even while political crises become intractable, and it is increasingly apparent that the scope of public policy formulated with no reference to moral justification is extremely limited. The thesis of On Justifying Moral Judgments insists, on the contrary, that rigorous justifications are possible for moral judgments. Crucially, Becker argues for the coordination of the three main approaches to moral theory: axiology, deontology, and agent morality. A pluralistic account of the concept of value is expounded, and a solution to the problem of ultimate justification is suggested. Analyses of valuation, evaluation, the ‘is-ought’ issue, and the concepts of obligation, responsibility and the good person are all incorporated into the main line of argument.

The Ethics of Capital Punishment

The Ethics of Capital Punishment

Author: Matthew H. Kramer

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2011-12-15

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 0199642184

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Taking a fresh look at a central controversy in criminal law theory, The Ethics of Capital Punishment presents a rationale for the death penalty grounded in a theory of the nature of evil and the nature of defilement. Original, unsettling, and deeply controversial, it will be an essential reference point for future debates on the subject.


Book Synopsis The Ethics of Capital Punishment by : Matthew H. Kramer

Download or read book The Ethics of Capital Punishment written by Matthew H. Kramer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a fresh look at a central controversy in criminal law theory, The Ethics of Capital Punishment presents a rationale for the death penalty grounded in a theory of the nature of evil and the nature of defilement. Original, unsettling, and deeply controversial, it will be an essential reference point for future debates on the subject.