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This volume will outline how to recreate the tumor microenvironment, to culture primary tumors without the need for developmental priming factors, and to deliver targeted therapeutics in a manner that recapitulates pharmacokinetics in vivo. Much of what may be learned from this volume will aid in understanding many aspects of the enhanced study of tumor cell biology in a physiologic context, open new avenues for drug screening and biomarker development, and accelerate the preclinical evaluation of novel personalized medicine strategies for patients in real time.
Book Synopsis Ex Vivo Engineering of the Tumor Microenvironment by : Amir R. Aref
Download or read book Ex Vivo Engineering of the Tumor Microenvironment written by Amir R. Aref and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will outline how to recreate the tumor microenvironment, to culture primary tumors without the need for developmental priming factors, and to deliver targeted therapeutics in a manner that recapitulates pharmacokinetics in vivo. Much of what may be learned from this volume will aid in understanding many aspects of the enhanced study of tumor cell biology in a physiologic context, open new avenues for drug screening and biomarker development, and accelerate the preclinical evaluation of novel personalized medicine strategies for patients in real time.
This second edition provides update and new chapters detailing core and emerging in vitro and in vivo protocols. Chapters guide readers through cellular and molecular biology approaches, in vivo genetic approaches, various “omics”-based strategies, therapeutic strategies, and advanced techniques in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, The Tumor Microenvironment: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for both novice and expert scientists in this developing field.
Book Synopsis The Tumor Microenvironment by : Josie Ursini-Siegel
Download or read book The Tumor Microenvironment written by Josie Ursini-Siegel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides update and new chapters detailing core and emerging in vitro and in vivo protocols. Chapters guide readers through cellular and molecular biology approaches, in vivo genetic approaches, various “omics”-based strategies, therapeutic strategies, and advanced techniques in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, The Tumor Microenvironment: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for both novice and expert scientists in this developing field.
This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Book Synopsis Biomechanics in Oncology by : Cheng Dong
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Cancer drug development remains a costly and inefficient endeavor that often translates to limited clinical success. While most therapies focus on stalling the growth of or eradicating tumor cells directly, the microenvironment in which these cells inhabit plays a hugely influential role in defining drug efficacy and disease progression. The supporting vasculature system as well as the interstitial extracellular matrix are particularly consequential to the transport, distribution, and uptake of therapeutics. While it is known that the host microenvironment may enable the advancement of malignancy and even the development of resistance, much of the mechanistic understanding by which this regulation occurs remains unclear. This is due in part to a lack of physiologically relevant models, though advancements in the emerging field of "tumor engineering" are beginning to challenge this. The transition away from incompatible animal models and simplified two-dimensional cultures has brought about the creation of advanced three-dimensional models in order to better simulate and test the microenvironmental characteristics that define human cancers. Nonetheless, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo events such as neovascularization, intravasation, and variable oxygen distribution. This work will explore the details of developing biologically-inspired, highly controlled in vitro tumor microenvironments to replicate and investigate these events. Such systems have the potential to mediate successful translation of preclinical research to clinical significance, while also providing mechanistic insight into the early stages of tumor progression and metastasis.
Book Synopsis Engineering the Vascular Tumor Microenvironment by : Seema Mai Ehsan
Download or read book Engineering the Vascular Tumor Microenvironment written by Seema Mai Ehsan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer drug development remains a costly and inefficient endeavor that often translates to limited clinical success. While most therapies focus on stalling the growth of or eradicating tumor cells directly, the microenvironment in which these cells inhabit plays a hugely influential role in defining drug efficacy and disease progression. The supporting vasculature system as well as the interstitial extracellular matrix are particularly consequential to the transport, distribution, and uptake of therapeutics. While it is known that the host microenvironment may enable the advancement of malignancy and even the development of resistance, much of the mechanistic understanding by which this regulation occurs remains unclear. This is due in part to a lack of physiologically relevant models, though advancements in the emerging field of "tumor engineering" are beginning to challenge this. The transition away from incompatible animal models and simplified two-dimensional cultures has brought about the creation of advanced three-dimensional models in order to better simulate and test the microenvironmental characteristics that define human cancers. Nonetheless, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo events such as neovascularization, intravasation, and variable oxygen distribution. This work will explore the details of developing biologically-inspired, highly controlled in vitro tumor microenvironments to replicate and investigate these events. Such systems have the potential to mediate successful translation of preclinical research to clinical significance, while also providing mechanistic insight into the early stages of tumor progression and metastasis.
Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Book Synopsis Tumor Organoids by : Shay Soker
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Engineering and Physical Approaches to Cancer addresses the newest research at this interface between cancer biology and the physical sciences. Several chapters address the mechanobiology of collective and individual cell migration, including experimental, theoretical, and computational perspectives. Other chapters consider the crosstalk of biological, chemical, and physical cues in the tumor microenvironment, including the role of senescence, polyploid giant cells, TGF-beta, metabolism, and immune cells. Further, chapters focus on circulating tumor cells and metastatic colonization, highlighting both bioengineered models as well as diagnostic technologies. Further, this book features the work of emerging and diverse investigators in this field, who have already made impressive cross-disciplinary scientific contributions. This book is designed for a general audience, particularly researchers conversant in cancer biology but less familiar with engineering (and vice-versa). Thus, we envision that this book will be suitable for faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and advanced graduate students across medicine, biological sciences, and engineering. We also anticipate this book will be of interest to medical professionals and trainees, as well as researchers in the pharmaceutical and biomedical device industry. Describes physical aspects of cancer, including collective cell migration, the aberrant tumor microenvironment, circulating tumor cells, and metastatic colonization. First volume available on the topic of physical aspects of cancer
Book Synopsis Engineering and Physical Approaches to Cancer by : Ian Y. Wong
Download or read book Engineering and Physical Approaches to Cancer written by Ian Y. Wong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering and Physical Approaches to Cancer addresses the newest research at this interface between cancer biology and the physical sciences. Several chapters address the mechanobiology of collective and individual cell migration, including experimental, theoretical, and computational perspectives. Other chapters consider the crosstalk of biological, chemical, and physical cues in the tumor microenvironment, including the role of senescence, polyploid giant cells, TGF-beta, metabolism, and immune cells. Further, chapters focus on circulating tumor cells and metastatic colonization, highlighting both bioengineered models as well as diagnostic technologies. Further, this book features the work of emerging and diverse investigators in this field, who have already made impressive cross-disciplinary scientific contributions. This book is designed for a general audience, particularly researchers conversant in cancer biology but less familiar with engineering (and vice-versa). Thus, we envision that this book will be suitable for faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and advanced graduate students across medicine, biological sciences, and engineering. We also anticipate this book will be of interest to medical professionals and trainees, as well as researchers in the pharmaceutical and biomedical device industry. Describes physical aspects of cancer, including collective cell migration, the aberrant tumor microenvironment, circulating tumor cells, and metastatic colonization. First volume available on the topic of physical aspects of cancer
Adoptive T-cell therapy is a cancer treatment strategy where T cells from a cancer patient are harvested, modified ex vivo to target tumor cells, and subsequently reinfused back into the patient's body. Although remarkably successful against blood-based B-cell malignancies, efficacy has been limited against solid tumors, in large part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the many inhibitory factors in the TME, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-[Beta]) plays a prominent role in suppressing anti-tumor immunity through both direct inhibition of T-cell cytotoxicity, as well as recruitment and polarization of immunosuppressive cell types such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. We therefore hypothesized that T-cell function in the solid TME could be potentiated by pairing tumor-targeting CARs with TGF-[Beta] CARs that program T-cell activation, rather than inhibition, in the presence of TGF-[Beta]. Wefirst verified that TGF-[Beta] CAR expression is neither counterproductive to cytotoxic T-cell function, nor does it pose a significant risk of toxicity. Pairing TGF-[Beta] CARs with tumor-specific TCRs or CARs did not significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes of adoptive T-cell transfer in preclinical models of melanoma and prostate cancer, warranting further engineering efforts. In models of glioblastoma, however, single-chain bispecific CAR-T cells targeting TGF-[Beta] and tumor antigen were not only more resistant to tumor-mediated dysfunction, but also remodeled the immune-cell composition of the tumor microenvironment to potentiate anti-tumor immunity.
Book Synopsis Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Solid Tumor Microenvironment by : Andrew J Hou
Download or read book Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Solid Tumor Microenvironment written by Andrew J Hou and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adoptive T-cell therapy is a cancer treatment strategy where T cells from a cancer patient are harvested, modified ex vivo to target tumor cells, and subsequently reinfused back into the patient's body. Although remarkably successful against blood-based B-cell malignancies, efficacy has been limited against solid tumors, in large part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the many inhibitory factors in the TME, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-[Beta]) plays a prominent role in suppressing anti-tumor immunity through both direct inhibition of T-cell cytotoxicity, as well as recruitment and polarization of immunosuppressive cell types such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. We therefore hypothesized that T-cell function in the solid TME could be potentiated by pairing tumor-targeting CARs with TGF-[Beta] CARs that program T-cell activation, rather than inhibition, in the presence of TGF-[Beta]. Wefirst verified that TGF-[Beta] CAR expression is neither counterproductive to cytotoxic T-cell function, nor does it pose a significant risk of toxicity. Pairing TGF-[Beta] CARs with tumor-specific TCRs or CARs did not significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes of adoptive T-cell transfer in preclinical models of melanoma and prostate cancer, warranting further engineering efforts. In models of glioblastoma, however, single-chain bispecific CAR-T cells targeting TGF-[Beta] and tumor antigen were not only more resistant to tumor-mediated dysfunction, but also remodeled the immune-cell composition of the tumor microenvironment to potentiate anti-tumor immunity.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been shown to promote tumor growth and dampen antitumor immune responses. TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity is considered to be a major obstacle for many immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T/CAR-T-cell therapies. An ex vivo culture system closely mimicking the TME can greatly facilitate the study of cancer immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a 3D TME-mimicry culture that is comprised of the three major components of a human TME, including human tumor cells, TAMs, and tumor antigen-specific T cells. This TME-mimicry culture can readout the TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity, and therefore can be used to study TAM modulation of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. As a proof-of-principle, the studies of a PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and a MAO-A blockade therapy were performed and validated.
Book Synopsis An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation by : Lili Yang
Download or read book An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation written by Lili Yang and published by Eliva Press. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been shown to promote tumor growth and dampen antitumor immune responses. TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity is considered to be a major obstacle for many immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T/CAR-T-cell therapies. An ex vivo culture system closely mimicking the TME can greatly facilitate the study of cancer immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a 3D TME-mimicry culture that is comprised of the three major components of a human TME, including human tumor cells, TAMs, and tumor antigen-specific T cells. This TME-mimicry culture can readout the TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity, and therefore can be used to study TAM modulation of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. As a proof-of-principle, the studies of a PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and a MAO-A blockade therapy were performed and validated.
Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism by : Anne Le
Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis An Implantable Device for Manipulation of the in Vivo Tumor Microenvironment by : James K. Williams
Download or read book An Implantable Device for Manipulation of the in Vivo Tumor Microenvironment written by James K. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
