Geometry - Intuition and Concepts

Geometry - Intuition and Concepts

Author: Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-10-31

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 3658386401

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This book deals with the geometry of visual space in all its aspects. As in any branch of mathematics, the aim is to trace the hidden to the obvious; the peculiarity of geometry is that the obvious is sometimes literally before one's eyes.Starting from intuition, spatial concepts are embedded in the pre-existing mathematical framework of linear algebra and calculus. The path from visualization to mathematically exact language is itself the learning content of this book. This is intended to close an often lamented gap in understanding between descriptive preschool and school geometry and the abstract concepts of linear algebra and calculus. At the same time, descriptive geometric modes of argumentation are justified because their embedding in the strict mathematical language has been clarified. The concepts of geometry are of a very different nature; they denote, so to speak, different layers of geometric thinking: some arguments use only concepts such as point, straight line, and incidence, others require angles and distances, still others symmetry considerations. Each of these conceptual fields determines a separate subfield of geometry and a separate chapter of this book, with the exception of the last-mentioned conceptual field "symmetry", which runs through all the others: - Incidence: Projective geometry - Parallelism: Affine geometry - Angle: Conformal Geometry - Distance: Metric Geometry - Curvature: Differential Geometry - Angle as distance measure: Spherical and Hyperbolic Geometry - Symmetry: Mapping Geometry. The mathematical experience acquired in the visual space can be easily transferred to much more abstract situations with the help of the vector space notion. The generalizations beyond the visual dimension point in two directions: Extension of the number concept and transcending the three illustrative dimensions. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Geometrie – Anschauung und Begriffe by Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.


Book Synopsis Geometry - Intuition and Concepts by : Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg

Download or read book Geometry - Intuition and Concepts written by Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the geometry of visual space in all its aspects. As in any branch of mathematics, the aim is to trace the hidden to the obvious; the peculiarity of geometry is that the obvious is sometimes literally before one's eyes.Starting from intuition, spatial concepts are embedded in the pre-existing mathematical framework of linear algebra and calculus. The path from visualization to mathematically exact language is itself the learning content of this book. This is intended to close an often lamented gap in understanding between descriptive preschool and school geometry and the abstract concepts of linear algebra and calculus. At the same time, descriptive geometric modes of argumentation are justified because their embedding in the strict mathematical language has been clarified. The concepts of geometry are of a very different nature; they denote, so to speak, different layers of geometric thinking: some arguments use only concepts such as point, straight line, and incidence, others require angles and distances, still others symmetry considerations. Each of these conceptual fields determines a separate subfield of geometry and a separate chapter of this book, with the exception of the last-mentioned conceptual field "symmetry", which runs through all the others: - Incidence: Projective geometry - Parallelism: Affine geometry - Angle: Conformal Geometry - Distance: Metric Geometry - Curvature: Differential Geometry - Angle as distance measure: Spherical and Hyperbolic Geometry - Symmetry: Mapping Geometry. The mathematical experience acquired in the visual space can be easily transferred to much more abstract situations with the help of the vector space notion. The generalizations beyond the visual dimension point in two directions: Extension of the number concept and transcending the three illustrative dimensions. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Geometrie – Anschauung und Begriffe by Jost-Hinrich Eschenburg, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.


The Geometry of Schemes

The Geometry of Schemes

Author: David Eisenbud

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-04-06

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 0387226397

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Grothendieck’s beautiful theory of schemes permeates modern algebraic geometry and underlies its applications to number theory, physics, and applied mathematics. This simple account of that theory emphasizes and explains the universal geometric concepts behind the definitions. In the book, concepts are illustrated with fundamental examples, and explicit calculations show how the constructions of scheme theory are carried out in practice.


Book Synopsis The Geometry of Schemes by : David Eisenbud

Download or read book The Geometry of Schemes written by David Eisenbud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grothendieck’s beautiful theory of schemes permeates modern algebraic geometry and underlies its applications to number theory, physics, and applied mathematics. This simple account of that theory emphasizes and explains the universal geometric concepts behind the definitions. In the book, concepts are illustrated with fundamental examples, and explicit calculations show how the constructions of scheme theory are carried out in practice.


A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis

A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis

Author: John L. Bell

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2008-04-07

Total Pages: 7

ISBN-13: 0521887186

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A rigorous, axiomatically formulated presentation of the 'zero-square', or 'nilpotent' infinitesimal.


Book Synopsis A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis by : John L. Bell

Download or read book A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis written by John L. Bell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous, axiomatically formulated presentation of the 'zero-square', or 'nilpotent' infinitesimal.


New Foundations for Physical Geometry

New Foundations for Physical Geometry

Author: Tim Maudlin

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2014-02

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 0198701306

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Tim Maudlin sets out a completely new method for describing the geometrical structure of spaces, and thus a better mathematical tool for describing and understanding space-time. He presents a historical review of the development of geometry and topology, and then his original Theory of Linear Structures.


Book Synopsis New Foundations for Physical Geometry by : Tim Maudlin

Download or read book New Foundations for Physical Geometry written by Tim Maudlin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tim Maudlin sets out a completely new method for describing the geometrical structure of spaces, and thus a better mathematical tool for describing and understanding space-time. He presents a historical review of the development of geometry and topology, and then his original Theory of Linear Structures.


Between Logic and Intuition

Between Logic and Intuition

Author: Gila Sher

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2007-06-29

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 9780521038256

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This collection of new essays offers a "state-of-the-art" conspectus of major trends in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics. A distinguished group of philosophers addresses issues at the center of contemporary debate: semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes, the set/class distinction, foundations of set theory, mathematical intuition and many others. The volume includes Hilary Putnam's 1995 Alfred Tarski lectures published here for the first time. The essays are presented to honor the work of Charles Parsons.


Book Synopsis Between Logic and Intuition by : Gila Sher

Download or read book Between Logic and Intuition written by Gila Sher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of new essays offers a "state-of-the-art" conspectus of major trends in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics. A distinguished group of philosophers addresses issues at the center of contemporary debate: semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes, the set/class distinction, foundations of set theory, mathematical intuition and many others. The volume includes Hilary Putnam's 1995 Alfred Tarski lectures published here for the first time. The essays are presented to honor the work of Charles Parsons.


Information Geometry and Its Applications

Information Geometry and Its Applications

Author: Shun-ichi Amari

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-02-02

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 4431559787

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This is the first comprehensive book on information geometry, written by the founder of the field. It begins with an elementary introduction to dualistic geometry and proceeds to a wide range of applications, covering information science, engineering, and neuroscience. It consists of four parts, which on the whole can be read independently. A manifold with a divergence function is first introduced, leading directly to dualistic structure, the heart of information geometry. This part (Part I) can be apprehended without any knowledge of differential geometry. An intuitive explanation of modern differential geometry then follows in Part II, although the book is for the most part understandable without modern differential geometry. Information geometry of statistical inference, including time series analysis and semiparametric estimation (the Neyman–Scott problem), is demonstrated concisely in Part III. Applications addressed in Part IV include hot current topics in machine learning, signal processing, optimization, and neural networks. The book is interdisciplinary, connecting mathematics, information sciences, physics, and neurosciences, inviting readers to a new world of information and geometry. This book is highly recommended to graduate students and researchers who seek new mathematical methods and tools useful in their own fields.


Book Synopsis Information Geometry and Its Applications by : Shun-ichi Amari

Download or read book Information Geometry and Its Applications written by Shun-ichi Amari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-02 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book on information geometry, written by the founder of the field. It begins with an elementary introduction to dualistic geometry and proceeds to a wide range of applications, covering information science, engineering, and neuroscience. It consists of four parts, which on the whole can be read independently. A manifold with a divergence function is first introduced, leading directly to dualistic structure, the heart of information geometry. This part (Part I) can be apprehended without any knowledge of differential geometry. An intuitive explanation of modern differential geometry then follows in Part II, although the book is for the most part understandable without modern differential geometry. Information geometry of statistical inference, including time series analysis and semiparametric estimation (the Neyman–Scott problem), is demonstrated concisely in Part III. Applications addressed in Part IV include hot current topics in machine learning, signal processing, optimization, and neural networks. The book is interdisciplinary, connecting mathematics, information sciences, physics, and neurosciences, inviting readers to a new world of information and geometry. This book is highly recommended to graduate students and researchers who seek new mathematical methods and tools useful in their own fields.


Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience

Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience

Author: Eugene M. Izhikevich

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-01-22

Total Pages: 459

ISBN-13: 0262514206

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Explains the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and the computational properties of neurons, with each concept presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics and illustrated using geometrical intuition. In order to model neuronal behavior or to interpret the results of modeling studies, neuroscientists must call upon methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book offers an introduction to nonlinear dynamical systems theory for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. It also provides an overview of neuroscience for mathematicians who want to learn the basic facts of electrophysiology. Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience presents a systematic study of the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and computational properties of neurons. It emphasizes that information processing in the brain depends not only on the electrophysiological properties of neurons but also on their dynamical properties. The book introduces dynamical systems, starting with one- and two-dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley-type models and continuing to a description of bursting systems. Each chapter proceeds from the simple to the complex, and provides sample problems at the end. The book explains all necessary mathematical concepts using geometrical intuition; it includes many figures and few equations, making it especially suitable for non-mathematicians. Each concept is presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics, providing a link between the two disciplines. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory is at the core of computational neuroscience research, but it is not a standard part of the graduate neuroscience curriculum—or taught by math or physics department in a way that is suitable for students of biology. This book offers neuroscience students and researchers a comprehensive account of concepts and methods increasingly used in computational neuroscience. An additional chapter on synchronization, with more advanced material, can be found at the author's website, www.izhikevich.com.


Book Synopsis Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience by : Eugene M. Izhikevich

Download or read book Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience written by Eugene M. Izhikevich and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-01-22 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and the computational properties of neurons, with each concept presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics and illustrated using geometrical intuition. In order to model neuronal behavior or to interpret the results of modeling studies, neuroscientists must call upon methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book offers an introduction to nonlinear dynamical systems theory for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. It also provides an overview of neuroscience for mathematicians who want to learn the basic facts of electrophysiology. Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience presents a systematic study of the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and computational properties of neurons. It emphasizes that information processing in the brain depends not only on the electrophysiological properties of neurons but also on their dynamical properties. The book introduces dynamical systems, starting with one- and two-dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley-type models and continuing to a description of bursting systems. Each chapter proceeds from the simple to the complex, and provides sample problems at the end. The book explains all necessary mathematical concepts using geometrical intuition; it includes many figures and few equations, making it especially suitable for non-mathematicians. Each concept is presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics, providing a link between the two disciplines. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory is at the core of computational neuroscience research, but it is not a standard part of the graduate neuroscience curriculum—or taught by math or physics department in a way that is suitable for students of biology. This book offers neuroscience students and researchers a comprehensive account of concepts and methods increasingly used in computational neuroscience. An additional chapter on synchronization, with more advanced material, can be found at the author's website, www.izhikevich.com.


Forms of Intuition

Forms of Intuition

Author: Nancy Smythe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 233

ISBN-13: 9400996683

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Book Synopsis Forms of Intuition by : Nancy Smythe

Download or read book Forms of Intuition written by Nancy Smythe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Visual Group Theory

Visual Group Theory

Author: Nathan Carter

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2021-06-08

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 1470464330

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Recipient of the Mathematical Association of America's Beckenbach Book Prize in 2012! Group theory is the branch of mathematics that studies symmetry, found in crystals, art, architecture, music and many other contexts, but its beauty is lost on students when it is taught in a technical style that is difficult to understand. Visual Group Theory assumes only a high school mathematics background and covers a typical undergraduate course in group theory from a thoroughly visual perspective. The more than 300 illustrations in Visual Group Theory bring groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, products, and quotients into clear view. Every topic and theorem is accompanied with a visual demonstration of its meaning and import, from the basics of groups and subgroups through advanced structural concepts such as semidirect products and Sylow theory.


Book Synopsis Visual Group Theory by : Nathan Carter

Download or read book Visual Group Theory written by Nathan Carter and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recipient of the Mathematical Association of America's Beckenbach Book Prize in 2012! Group theory is the branch of mathematics that studies symmetry, found in crystals, art, architecture, music and many other contexts, but its beauty is lost on students when it is taught in a technical style that is difficult to understand. Visual Group Theory assumes only a high school mathematics background and covers a typical undergraduate course in group theory from a thoroughly visual perspective. The more than 300 illustrations in Visual Group Theory bring groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, products, and quotients into clear view. Every topic and theorem is accompanied with a visual demonstration of its meaning and import, from the basics of groups and subgroups through advanced structural concepts such as semidirect products and Sylow theory.


Explorations in Mathematical Physics

Explorations in Mathematical Physics

Author: Don Koks

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-09-15

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 0387309438

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Have you ever wondered why the language of modern physics centres on geometry? Or how quantum operators and Dirac brackets work? What a convolution really is? What tensors are all about? Or what field theory and lagrangians are, and why gravity is described as curvature? This book takes you on a tour of the main ideas forming the language of modern mathematical physics. Here you will meet novel approaches to concepts such as determinants and geometry, wave function evolution, statistics, signal processing, and three-dimensional rotations. You will see how the accelerated frames of special relativity tell us about gravity. On the journey, you will discover how tensor notation relates to vector calculus, how differential geometry is built on intuitive concepts, and how variational calculus leads to field theory. You will meet quantum measurement theory, along with Green functions and the art of complex integration, and finally general relativity and cosmology. The book takes a fresh approach to tensor analysis built solely on the metric and vectors, with no need for one-forms. This gives a much more geometrical and intuitive insight into vector and tensor calculus, together with general relativity, than do traditional, more abstract methods. Don Koks is a physicist at the Defence Science and Technology Organisation in Adelaide, Australia. His doctorate in quantum cosmology was obtained from the Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics at Adelaide University. Prior work at the University of Auckland specialised in applied accelerator physics, along with pure and applied mathematics.


Book Synopsis Explorations in Mathematical Physics by : Don Koks

Download or read book Explorations in Mathematical Physics written by Don Koks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-15 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever wondered why the language of modern physics centres on geometry? Or how quantum operators and Dirac brackets work? What a convolution really is? What tensors are all about? Or what field theory and lagrangians are, and why gravity is described as curvature? This book takes you on a tour of the main ideas forming the language of modern mathematical physics. Here you will meet novel approaches to concepts such as determinants and geometry, wave function evolution, statistics, signal processing, and three-dimensional rotations. You will see how the accelerated frames of special relativity tell us about gravity. On the journey, you will discover how tensor notation relates to vector calculus, how differential geometry is built on intuitive concepts, and how variational calculus leads to field theory. You will meet quantum measurement theory, along with Green functions and the art of complex integration, and finally general relativity and cosmology. The book takes a fresh approach to tensor analysis built solely on the metric and vectors, with no need for one-forms. This gives a much more geometrical and intuitive insight into vector and tensor calculus, together with general relativity, than do traditional, more abstract methods. Don Koks is a physicist at the Defence Science and Technology Organisation in Adelaide, Australia. His doctorate in quantum cosmology was obtained from the Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics at Adelaide University. Prior work at the University of Auckland specialised in applied accelerator physics, along with pure and applied mathematics.