Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Author: Barbara J. Bain

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 1119579996

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An updated, essential guide for the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders This revised and updated third edition of Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis offers a comprehensive review of the practical information needed for an understanding of the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders. Written in a concise and approachable format, the book includes an overview of clinical and laboratory features of these disorders. The author focuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation of the tests that are offered by the majority of diagnostic laboratories. The book also explains when more specialist tests are required and explores what specialist referral centres will accomplish. The information on diagnosis is set in a clinical context. The third edition is written by a leading haematologist with a reputation for educational excellence. Designed as a practical resource, the book is filled with illustrative examples and helpful questions that can aide in the retention of the material presented. Additionally, the author includes information on the most recent advances in the field. This important text: • Contains a practical, highly illustrated, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders • Includes “test-yourself” questions and provides an indispensable tool for learning and teaching • Presents new material on antenatal screening/prenatal diagnostic services • Offers myriad self-assessment case studies that are ideal for the trainee Written for trainees and residents in haematology, practicing haematologists, and laboratory scientists, Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is an essential reference and learning tool that provides a clear basis for understanding the diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders.


Book Synopsis Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis by : Barbara J. Bain

Download or read book Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated, essential guide for the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders This revised and updated third edition of Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis offers a comprehensive review of the practical information needed for an understanding of the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders. Written in a concise and approachable format, the book includes an overview of clinical and laboratory features of these disorders. The author focuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation of the tests that are offered by the majority of diagnostic laboratories. The book also explains when more specialist tests are required and explores what specialist referral centres will accomplish. The information on diagnosis is set in a clinical context. The third edition is written by a leading haematologist with a reputation for educational excellence. Designed as a practical resource, the book is filled with illustrative examples and helpful questions that can aide in the retention of the material presented. Additionally, the author includes information on the most recent advances in the field. This important text: • Contains a practical, highly illustrated, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders • Includes “test-yourself” questions and provides an indispensable tool for learning and teaching • Presents new material on antenatal screening/prenatal diagnostic services • Offers myriad self-assessment case studies that are ideal for the trainee Written for trainees and residents in haematology, practicing haematologists, and laboratory scientists, Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is an essential reference and learning tool that provides a clear basis for understanding the diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders.

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Author: Barbara J. Bain

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-15

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 0470994231

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This unique book is written by Barbara Bain, a leadinghaematologist with a reputation for her educational prowess in thefield. It provides a concise overview of the haemoglobinopathies andfocuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation ofrelevant laboratory tests. The tests dealt with are mainly thosedone regularly in diagnostic haematology laboratories. Where morespecialist tests are required, the reader is given an overview ofwhat the specialist centre will do, with guidance on what theresult will imply. This book is extremely practical in orientation and is anessential reference volume in the haematology laboratory. Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is ideal for: Trainees and residents in haematology Hematologists in practice Laboratory scientists Why Buy This Book? New Edition - Fully updated, with 43 new pictures and 37 pagesof illustrated clinical cases to use for teaching andself-evaluation Essential reference volume for the haematology laboratory Focuses on diagnosis Very practical in its approach In addition to the self-assessment case studies, contains "testyour knowledge" sections at the end of every chapter Remarkably comprehensive for a compact book


Book Synopsis Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis by : Barbara J. Bain

Download or read book Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is written by Barbara Bain, a leadinghaematologist with a reputation for her educational prowess in thefield. It provides a concise overview of the haemoglobinopathies andfocuses on the selection, performance, and interpretation ofrelevant laboratory tests. The tests dealt with are mainly thosedone regularly in diagnostic haematology laboratories. Where morespecialist tests are required, the reader is given an overview ofwhat the specialist centre will do, with guidance on what theresult will imply. This book is extremely practical in orientation and is anessential reference volume in the haematology laboratory. Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis is ideal for: Trainees and residents in haematology Hematologists in practice Laboratory scientists Why Buy This Book? New Edition - Fully updated, with 43 new pictures and 37 pagesof illustrated clinical cases to use for teaching andself-evaluation Essential reference volume for the haematology laboratory Focuses on diagnosis Very practical in its approach In addition to the self-assessment case studies, contains "testyour knowledge" sections at the end of every chapter Remarkably comprehensive for a compact book

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis

Author: Barbara J. Bain

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-05-04

Total Pages: 452

ISBN-13: 1119579953

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Aktualisiertes Referenzwerk für die laborgestützte Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen Die überarbeitete und aktualisierte 2. Auflage von Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis bietet umfassende praxisorientierte Informationen zur fundierten laborgestützten Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen. Dieses prägnante Fachbuch zeigt die klinischen Eigenschaften der Erkrankung und liefert wertvolle Hilfestellung für Laborwissenschaftler. Der Autor legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Auswahl, Leistungsfähigkeit und Interpretation von Testverfahren, die in den meisten Labors zum Einsatz kommen. Das Fachbuch erläutert, wann spezielle Tests erforderlich sind und welche Leistungen von spezialisierten Referenzzentren angeboten werden. Informationen zur Diagnostik werden in einen klinischen Kontext gestellt. Die 3. Auflage wurde von einem führenden Hämatologen mit Erfahrung im Lehrbetrieb geschrieben. Das Praktikerbuch enthält anschauliche Beispiele und Fragen zur Selbstüberprüfung des Lehrstoffes. Hinzu kommen Informationen zu den jüngsten Entwicklungen in dem Fachgebiet. - Praxisorientiertes Fachbuch mit einer Fülle von Illustrationen zur laborgestützten Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen. - Enthält Fragen zur Selbstüberprüfung des Gelernten. Auch für Dozenten sind die Fragen ein gutes didaktisches Hilfsmittel. - Präsentiert neue Inhalte zu pränatalen Screenings und zur pränatalen Diagnostik. - Bietet eine Fülle von Fallstudien, ideal für den angehenden Facharzt. Dieses Fachbuch richtet sich angehende Fachärzte in der Hämatologie, Hämatologen und Laborwissenschaftler. Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis ist Referenzwerk und Lehrbuch zugleich, das alle Facetten der Diagnose von Hämoglubinstörungen abdeckt.


Book Synopsis Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis by : Barbara J. Bain

Download or read book Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aktualisiertes Referenzwerk für die laborgestützte Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen Die überarbeitete und aktualisierte 2. Auflage von Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis bietet umfassende praxisorientierte Informationen zur fundierten laborgestützten Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen. Dieses prägnante Fachbuch zeigt die klinischen Eigenschaften der Erkrankung und liefert wertvolle Hilfestellung für Laborwissenschaftler. Der Autor legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Auswahl, Leistungsfähigkeit und Interpretation von Testverfahren, die in den meisten Labors zum Einsatz kommen. Das Fachbuch erläutert, wann spezielle Tests erforderlich sind und welche Leistungen von spezialisierten Referenzzentren angeboten werden. Informationen zur Diagnostik werden in einen klinischen Kontext gestellt. Die 3. Auflage wurde von einem führenden Hämatologen mit Erfahrung im Lehrbetrieb geschrieben. Das Praktikerbuch enthält anschauliche Beispiele und Fragen zur Selbstüberprüfung des Lehrstoffes. Hinzu kommen Informationen zu den jüngsten Entwicklungen in dem Fachgebiet. - Praxisorientiertes Fachbuch mit einer Fülle von Illustrationen zur laborgestützten Diagnose von Hämoglobinstörungen. - Enthält Fragen zur Selbstüberprüfung des Gelernten. Auch für Dozenten sind die Fragen ein gutes didaktisches Hilfsmittel. - Präsentiert neue Inhalte zu pränatalen Screenings und zur pränatalen Diagnostik. - Bietet eine Fülle von Fallstudien, ideal für den angehenden Facharzt. Dieses Fachbuch richtet sich angehende Fachärzte in der Hämatologie, Hämatologen und Laborwissenschaftler. Haemoglobinopathy Diagnosis ist Referenzwerk und Lehrbuch zugleich, das alle Facetten der Diagnose von Hämoglubinstörungen abdeckt.

Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders

Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders

Author: Galanello Renzo

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 9789963623396

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Volume 1 of the Prevention Book presents the principles of a programme for the prevention of the thalassaemia and other haemoglobin disorders, including a description of the various types of disorders requiring prenatal diagnosis, the strategies used for carrier screening, and a number of annexes listing upto date epidemiological and mutation data on thalassaemia. This book was written for use in combination with Volume 2, which describes many of the laboratory protocols in great detail.


Book Synopsis Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders by : Galanello Renzo

Download or read book Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders written by Galanello Renzo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of the Prevention Book presents the principles of a programme for the prevention of the thalassaemia and other haemoglobin disorders, including a description of the various types of disorders requiring prenatal diagnosis, the strategies used for carrier screening, and a number of annexes listing upto date epidemiological and mutation data on thalassaemia. This book was written for use in combination with Volume 2, which describes many of the laboratory protocols in great detail.

Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies

Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies

Author: Stephan Lobitz

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2019-10-07

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 3039216147

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Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.


Book Synopsis Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies by : Stephan Lobitz

Download or read book Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies written by Stephan Lobitz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-07 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.

Haematology

Haematology

Author: Mike Leach

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-09-27

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 111977750X

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Haematology Diagnostic haematology requires the assessment of clinical and laboratory data together with a careful morphological assessment of cells in blood, bone marrow and tissue ­fluids. Subsequent investigations including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular studies are guided by the original morphological findings. These targeted investigations help generate a prompt unifying diagnosis. Haematology: From the Image to the Diagnosis presents a series of cases illustrating how skills in morphology can guide the investigative process. In this book, the authors capture a series of images to illustrate key features to recognize when undertaking a morphological review and show how they can be integrated with supplementary information to reach a final diagnosis. Using a novel format of visual case studies, this text mimics ‘real life’ for the practising diagnostic haematologist – using brief clinical details and initial microscopic morphological triage to formulate a differential diagnosis and a plan for efficient and economical confirmatory investigation to deduce the correct final diagnosis. The carefully selected, high-quality photomicrographs and the clear, succinct descriptions of key features, investigations and results will help haematologists, clinical scientists, haematology trainees and haematopathologists to make accurate diagnoses in their day-to-day work. Covering a wide range of topics, and including paediatric as well as adult cases, Haematology: From the Image to the Diagnosis is a succinct visual guide which will be welcomed by consultants, trainees and scientists alike.


Book Synopsis Haematology by : Mike Leach

Download or read book Haematology written by Mike Leach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haematology Diagnostic haematology requires the assessment of clinical and laboratory data together with a careful morphological assessment of cells in blood, bone marrow and tissue ­fluids. Subsequent investigations including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular studies are guided by the original morphological findings. These targeted investigations help generate a prompt unifying diagnosis. Haematology: From the Image to the Diagnosis presents a series of cases illustrating how skills in morphology can guide the investigative process. In this book, the authors capture a series of images to illustrate key features to recognize when undertaking a morphological review and show how they can be integrated with supplementary information to reach a final diagnosis. Using a novel format of visual case studies, this text mimics ‘real life’ for the practising diagnostic haematologist – using brief clinical details and initial microscopic morphological triage to formulate a differential diagnosis and a plan for efficient and economical confirmatory investigation to deduce the correct final diagnosis. The carefully selected, high-quality photomicrographs and the clear, succinct descriptions of key features, investigations and results will help haematologists, clinical scientists, haematology trainees and haematopathologists to make accurate diagnoses in their day-to-day work. Covering a wide range of topics, and including paediatric as well as adult cases, Haematology: From the Image to the Diagnosis is a succinct visual guide which will be welcomed by consultants, trainees and scientists alike.

The Obstetric Hematology Manual

The Obstetric Hematology Manual

Author: Sue Pavord

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-02-08

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 1108548377

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Understand the rapidly growing complexities of obstetric hematology and high-risk pregnancy management, with experts in the field. Now in its second edition, this comprehensive and essential guide focuses on providing the best support for patients and clinical staff, to prevent serious complications in pregnancy and the post-partum period for both mother and baby. Wide-ranging and detailed, the guide offers discussions on basic principles of best care, through to tackling lesser-known hematological conditions, such as cytopenias and hemoglobinopathies. Updated with color illustrations, cutting-edge research, accurate blood film reproductions, and practical case studies, the revised edition places invaluable advice into everyday context. This unique resource is essential reading for trainees and practitioners in obstetrics, anesthesia, and hematology, as well as midwives, nurses, and laboratory staff. Clarifying difficult procedures for disease prevention, the guide ensures safety when the stakes are high. Reflecting current evidence-based guidelines, the updated volume is key to improving pregnancy outcomes worldwide.


Book Synopsis The Obstetric Hematology Manual by : Sue Pavord

Download or read book The Obstetric Hematology Manual written by Sue Pavord and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the rapidly growing complexities of obstetric hematology and high-risk pregnancy management, with experts in the field. Now in its second edition, this comprehensive and essential guide focuses on providing the best support for patients and clinical staff, to prevent serious complications in pregnancy and the post-partum period for both mother and baby. Wide-ranging and detailed, the guide offers discussions on basic principles of best care, through to tackling lesser-known hematological conditions, such as cytopenias and hemoglobinopathies. Updated with color illustrations, cutting-edge research, accurate blood film reproductions, and practical case studies, the revised edition places invaluable advice into everyday context. This unique resource is essential reading for trainees and practitioners in obstetrics, anesthesia, and hematology, as well as midwives, nurses, and laboratory staff. Clarifying difficult procedures for disease prevention, the guide ensures safety when the stakes are high. Reflecting current evidence-based guidelines, the updated volume is key to improving pregnancy outcomes worldwide.

Variant Haemoglobins

Variant Haemoglobins

Author: Barbara J. Bain

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-06-28

Total Pages: 548

ISBN-13: 1444347675

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Variant Haemoglobins – A Guide to Identification is based on the premise that any single diagnostic technique offers only a very provisional identification of a variant haemoglobin. In routine diagnostic practice two techniques are needed as a minimum, with the results being interpreted in the light of the clinical details, blood count, blood film and ethnic origin. This book covers 150 normal and variant haemoglobins that have been studied and carefully documented. Variant Haemoglobins has four introductory chapters followed by an invaluable atlas. The introductory chapters cover the genetics of haemoglobin synthesis the principles of tests employed for identification common haemoglobins of major clinical or diagnostic importance thalassaemias and related conditions The atlas section comprises 170 full colour pages in which each variant haemoglobin or combination of haemoglobins is illustrated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH, agarose gel electrophoresis at acid pH, isoelectric focusing and one or more HPLC traces. For ease of reference, the atlas pages are arranged according to the retention time of each haemoglobin on HPLC, this becoming increasingly the primary technique employed in haemoglobin identification. Bringing a mix of necessary scientific expertise and clinical knowledge, each author has more than 30 years experience in the diagnosis of variant haemoglobins. Providing otherwise unavailable information, this unique and practical guide is illustrated with over 700 high quality colour digital images plus flow charts and line diagrams covers common and important haemoglobin variants, in addition to many rarer ones is an essential reference source for diagnosis in the haematology laboratory A remarkably useful book, Variant Haemoglobins will be valuable for haematopathologists, clinical and laboratory haematologists in practice and in training and all laboratory staff involved in haemoglobinopathy diagnosis.


Book Synopsis Variant Haemoglobins by : Barbara J. Bain

Download or read book Variant Haemoglobins written by Barbara J. Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variant Haemoglobins – A Guide to Identification is based on the premise that any single diagnostic technique offers only a very provisional identification of a variant haemoglobin. In routine diagnostic practice two techniques are needed as a minimum, with the results being interpreted in the light of the clinical details, blood count, blood film and ethnic origin. This book covers 150 normal and variant haemoglobins that have been studied and carefully documented. Variant Haemoglobins has four introductory chapters followed by an invaluable atlas. The introductory chapters cover the genetics of haemoglobin synthesis the principles of tests employed for identification common haemoglobins of major clinical or diagnostic importance thalassaemias and related conditions The atlas section comprises 170 full colour pages in which each variant haemoglobin or combination of haemoglobins is illustrated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH, agarose gel electrophoresis at acid pH, isoelectric focusing and one or more HPLC traces. For ease of reference, the atlas pages are arranged according to the retention time of each haemoglobin on HPLC, this becoming increasingly the primary technique employed in haemoglobin identification. Bringing a mix of necessary scientific expertise and clinical knowledge, each author has more than 30 years experience in the diagnosis of variant haemoglobins. Providing otherwise unavailable information, this unique and practical guide is illustrated with over 700 high quality colour digital images plus flow charts and line diagrams covers common and important haemoglobin variants, in addition to many rarer ones is an essential reference source for diagnosis in the haematology laboratory A remarkably useful book, Variant Haemoglobins will be valuable for haematopathologists, clinical and laboratory haematologists in practice and in training and all laboratory staff involved in haemoglobinopathy diagnosis.

Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders

Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders

Author: Anjana Munshi

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2015-11-11

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 9535121987

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The book, Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders, describes the genetic defects of hemoglobins, disease complications, and therapeutic strategies. This book has two distinct sections. The first theme includes seven chapters devoted to the types of hemoglobinopathies, mutation spectrum, diagnostic methods, and disease complications, and the second theme includes three chapters focusing on various treatment strategies. The content of the chapters presented in the book is guided by the knowledge and experience of the contributing authors. This book serves as an important resource and review to the researchers in the field of hemoglobinopathies.


Book Synopsis Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders by : Anjana Munshi

Download or read book Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders written by Anjana Munshi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book, Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders, describes the genetic defects of hemoglobins, disease complications, and therapeutic strategies. This book has two distinct sections. The first theme includes seven chapters devoted to the types of hemoglobinopathies, mutation spectrum, diagnostic methods, and disease complications, and the second theme includes three chapters focusing on various treatment strategies. The content of the chapters presented in the book is guided by the knowledge and experience of the contributing authors. This book serves as an important resource and review to the researchers in the field of hemoglobinopathies.

Hemoglobin Disorders

Hemoglobin Disorders

Author: Ronald L. Nagel

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-01

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 1592593739

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Hemoglobin and Hemoglobinologists This volume, Hemoglobin Disorders: Molecular Methods and Protocols, will be introduced with a review of the great milestones in the field, and the scientists responsible for those achievements. The history of hemoglobin can be divided into three periods: the Classical period, the Modern period, and the Post-Modern period. I am inclined to include as the four major members of the classical period Francis Roughton, Quentin Gibson, Jeffries Wyman, and Linus Pauling, not only because of their achievements, but also because of the superb scientists they trained and/or influenced. Francis John Worsely Roughton (1899–1972) (Fig. 1), in his laboratory at Trinity College in Cambridge, England, made the first measurements of the rapid reaction of oxygen with hemoglobin at the millisecond scale, at first by flow-mixing methods and later by flash photolysis. He not only opened an era of molecular research of hemoglobin, but also invented the methodology for fast reactions through the use of laser technology, which was later improved by others so that even faster reactions could be detected. Another contribution of Roughton was the education of Quentin H. Gibson (Fig. 2), his favorite s- dent, who, in his laboratory in Sheffield, continued to expand the horizon of ligand binding to hemoglobin, defining the oxygen binding constants for each of the hemes of hemoglobin. Though this did not, as expected, solve the und- lying mechanism of ligand cooperativity as discussed below, it was nonet- less an important milestone.


Book Synopsis Hemoglobin Disorders by : Ronald L. Nagel

Download or read book Hemoglobin Disorders written by Ronald L. Nagel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hemoglobin and Hemoglobinologists This volume, Hemoglobin Disorders: Molecular Methods and Protocols, will be introduced with a review of the great milestones in the field, and the scientists responsible for those achievements. The history of hemoglobin can be divided into three periods: the Classical period, the Modern period, and the Post-Modern period. I am inclined to include as the four major members of the classical period Francis Roughton, Quentin Gibson, Jeffries Wyman, and Linus Pauling, not only because of their achievements, but also because of the superb scientists they trained and/or influenced. Francis John Worsely Roughton (1899–1972) (Fig. 1), in his laboratory at Trinity College in Cambridge, England, made the first measurements of the rapid reaction of oxygen with hemoglobin at the millisecond scale, at first by flow-mixing methods and later by flash photolysis. He not only opened an era of molecular research of hemoglobin, but also invented the methodology for fast reactions through the use of laser technology, which was later improved by others so that even faster reactions could be detected. Another contribution of Roughton was the education of Quentin H. Gibson (Fig. 2), his favorite s- dent, who, in his laboratory in Sheffield, continued to expand the horizon of ligand binding to hemoglobin, defining the oxygen binding constants for each of the hemes of hemoglobin. Though this did not, as expected, solve the und- lying mechanism of ligand cooperativity as discussed below, it was nonet- less an important milestone.