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Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore the gene expression landscape across individuals, tissues, and environments by efficiently profiling the RNA sequences present in the samples. When a reference genome sequence or a transcriptome of the sample is available, mapping-based RNA-seq analysis protocols align the RNA-seq reads to the reference sequences, identify novel transcripts, and quantify the abundance of expressed transcripts. The reads that fail to map to the human reference, known as unmapped reads, are a large and often overlooked output of standard RNA-seq analyses. Even in carefully executed experiments, the unmapped reads can comprise a considerable fraction of the complete set of reads produced, and can arise due to technical sequencing produced by low-quality and error-prone copies of the nascent RNA sequence being sampled. Reads can also remain unmapped due to unknown transcripts, recombined B and T cell receptor sequences, A-to-G mismatches from A-to-I RNA editing, trans-splicing, gene fusion, circular RNAs, and the presence of non-host RNA sequences (e.g. bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms). Unmapped reads represent a rich resource for the study of B and T cell receptor repertoires and the human microbiome system--without incurring the expense of additional targeted sequencing. This book introduces and describes the Read Origin Protocol (ROP), a tool that identifies the origin of both mapped and unmapped reads. The protocol first identifies human reads using a standard high-throughput algorithm to map them onto a reference genome and transcriptome. After alignment, reads are grouped into genomic (e.g. CDS, UTRs, introns) and repetitive (e.g. SINEs, LINEs, LTRs) categories. The rest of the ROP protocol characterizes the remaining unmapped reads, which failed to map to the human reference sequences.
Book Synopsis Hidden Treasures in Contemporary RNA Sequencing by : Serghei Mangul
Download or read book Hidden Treasures in Contemporary RNA Sequencing written by Serghei Mangul and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore the gene expression landscape across individuals, tissues, and environments by efficiently profiling the RNA sequences present in the samples. When a reference genome sequence or a transcriptome of the sample is available, mapping-based RNA-seq analysis protocols align the RNA-seq reads to the reference sequences, identify novel transcripts, and quantify the abundance of expressed transcripts. The reads that fail to map to the human reference, known as unmapped reads, are a large and often overlooked output of standard RNA-seq analyses. Even in carefully executed experiments, the unmapped reads can comprise a considerable fraction of the complete set of reads produced, and can arise due to technical sequencing produced by low-quality and error-prone copies of the nascent RNA sequence being sampled. Reads can also remain unmapped due to unknown transcripts, recombined B and T cell receptor sequences, A-to-G mismatches from A-to-I RNA editing, trans-splicing, gene fusion, circular RNAs, and the presence of non-host RNA sequences (e.g. bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms). Unmapped reads represent a rich resource for the study of B and T cell receptor repertoires and the human microbiome system--without incurring the expense of additional targeted sequencing. This book introduces and describes the Read Origin Protocol (ROP), a tool that identifies the origin of both mapped and unmapped reads. The protocol first identifies human reads using a standard high-throughput algorithm to map them onto a reference genome and transcriptome. After alignment, reads are grouped into genomic (e.g. CDS, UTRs, introns) and repetitive (e.g. SINEs, LINEs, LTRs) categories. The rest of the ROP protocol characterizes the remaining unmapped reads, which failed to map to the human reference sequences.
Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore the gene expression landscape across individuals, tissues, and environments by efficiently profiling the RNA sequences present in the samples. When a reference genome sequence or a transcriptome of the sample is available, mapping-based RNA-seq analysis protocols align the RNA-seq reads to the reference sequences, identify novel transcripts, and quantify the abundance of expressed transcripts.The reads that fail to map to the human reference, known as unmapped reads, are a large and often overlooked output of standard RNA-seq analyses. Even in carefully executed experiments, the unmapped reads can comprise a considerable fraction of the complete set of reads produced, and can arise due to technical sequencing produced by low-quality and error-prone copies of the nascent RNA sequence being sampled. Reads can also remain unmapped due to unknown transcripts, recombined B and T cell receptor sequences, A-to-G mismatches from A-to-I RNA editing, trans-splicing, gene fusion, circular RNAs, and the presence of non-host RNA sequences (e.g. bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms). Unmapped reads represent a rich resource for the study of B and T cell receptor repertoires and the human microbiome system—without incurring the expense of additional targeted sequencing.This book introduces and describes the Read Origin Protocol (ROP), a tool that identifies the origin of both mapped and unmapped reads. The protocol first identifies human reads using a standard high-throughput algorithm to map them onto a reference genome and transcriptome. After alignment, reads are grouped into genomic (e.g. CDS, UTRs, introns) and repetitive (e.g. SINEs, LINEs, LTRs) categories. The rest of the ROP protocol characterizes the remaining unmapped reads, which failed to map to the human reference sequences.
Book Synopsis Hidden Treasures in Contemporary RNA Sequencing by : Serghei Mangul
Download or read book Hidden Treasures in Contemporary RNA Sequencing written by Serghei Mangul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore the gene expression landscape across individuals, tissues, and environments by efficiently profiling the RNA sequences present in the samples. When a reference genome sequence or a transcriptome of the sample is available, mapping-based RNA-seq analysis protocols align the RNA-seq reads to the reference sequences, identify novel transcripts, and quantify the abundance of expressed transcripts.The reads that fail to map to the human reference, known as unmapped reads, are a large and often overlooked output of standard RNA-seq analyses. Even in carefully executed experiments, the unmapped reads can comprise a considerable fraction of the complete set of reads produced, and can arise due to technical sequencing produced by low-quality and error-prone copies of the nascent RNA sequence being sampled. Reads can also remain unmapped due to unknown transcripts, recombined B and T cell receptor sequences, A-to-G mismatches from A-to-I RNA editing, trans-splicing, gene fusion, circular RNAs, and the presence of non-host RNA sequences (e.g. bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms). Unmapped reads represent a rich resource for the study of B and T cell receptor repertoires and the human microbiome system—without incurring the expense of additional targeted sequencing.This book introduces and describes the Read Origin Protocol (ROP), a tool that identifies the origin of both mapped and unmapped reads. The protocol first identifies human reads using a standard high-throughput algorithm to map them onto a reference genome and transcriptome. After alignment, reads are grouped into genomic (e.g. CDS, UTRs, introns) and repetitive (e.g. SINEs, LINEs, LTRs) categories. The rest of the ROP protocol characterizes the remaining unmapped reads, which failed to map to the human reference sequences.
The large potential of RNA sequencing and other "omics" techniques has contributed to the production of a huge amount of data pursuing to answer many different questions that surround the science's great unknowns. This book presents an overview about powerful and cost-efficient methods for a comprehensive analysis of RNA-Seq data, introducing and revising advanced concepts in data analysis using the most current algorithms. A holistic view about the entire context where transcriptome is inserted is also discussed here encompassing biological areas with remarkable technological advances in the study of systems biology, from microorganisms to precision medicine.
Book Synopsis Applications of RNA-Seq and Omics Strategies by : Fabio Marchi
Download or read book Applications of RNA-Seq and Omics Strategies written by Fabio Marchi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large potential of RNA sequencing and other "omics" techniques has contributed to the production of a huge amount of data pursuing to answer many different questions that surround the science's great unknowns. This book presents an overview about powerful and cost-efficient methods for a comprehensive analysis of RNA-Seq data, introducing and revising advanced concepts in data analysis using the most current algorithms. A holistic view about the entire context where transcriptome is inserted is also discussed here encompassing biological areas with remarkable technological advances in the study of systems biology, from microorganisms to precision medicine.
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized the possibility of measuring transcriptome-wide gene expression in the last two decades. Modern RNA sequencing techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have been developed in recent years, allowing researchers to quantify gene expression in single-cell resolution or to profile gene activity patterns in 2-dimensional space across tissue. While useful, data collected from these techniques always come with noise, and appropriate filtering and cleaning are required for reliable downstream analyses. In this dissertation, I investigate multiple quality-related issues in scRNA-seq and ST experiments, and I develop, implement, evaluate and apply statistical methods to adjust for them. A unifying theme of this work is that all these methods aim at improving data quality and allowing for better power and precision in downstream analyses. For scRNA-seq data, the quality issue we discuss in this dissertation is distinguishing barcodes associated with real cells from those binding background noise. In droplet-based scRNA-seq experiments, raw data contains both cell barcodes that should be retained for downstream analysis as well as background barcodes that are uninformative and should be filtered out. Due to ambient RNAs presenting in all the barcodes, cell barcodes are not easily distinghished from background barcodes. Both misclassified background barcodes and cell barcodes induce misleading results in downstream analyses. Existing filtering methods test barcodes individually and consequently do not leverage the strong cell-to-cell correlation present in most datasets. To improve cell detection, we introduce CB2, a cluster-based approach for distinguishing real cells from background barcodes. As demonstrated in simulated and case study datasets, CB2 has increased power for identifying real cells which allows for the identification of novel subpopulations and improves downstream differential expression analyses. We then present a benchmark study to evaluate the performance of cell detection methods, including CB2, on public scRNA-seq datasets covering a variety of experiment protocols. In recent years, variants of scRNA-seq techniques have been developed for specialized biological tasks. While the data structures remain the same as the standard scRNA-seq experiment, the underlying data properties can alter a lot. Here, we propose the first benchmark study to provide a thorough comparison across existing cell detection methods in scRNA-seq data, and to guide users to choose the appropriate methods for their experiments. Evaluation metrics include power, precision, computational efficiency, robustness, and accessibility. In addition, we provide investigation and guidance on appropriately choosing filtering parameters in order to improve data quality. For ST data, we uncover, for the first time, a novel quality issue that genes expressed at one tissue region bleed out and contaminate nearby tissue regions. ST is a powerful and widely-used approach for profiling transcriptome-wide gene expression across a tissue with emerging applications in molecular medicine and tumor diagnostics. Recent ST experiments utilize slides containing thousands of spots with spot-specific barcodes that bind RNAs. Ideally, unique molecular identifiers at a spot measure spot-specific expression, but this is often not the case owing to bleed from nearby spots, an artifact we refer to as spot swapping. We design a creative human-mouse chimeric ST experiment to validate the existence of spot swapping. Spot swapping hinders inferences of region-specific gene activities and tissue annotations. In order to decontaminate ST data, we propose SpotClean, a probabilistic model that measures the spot swapping effect and estimates gene expression using EM algorithm. SpotClean is shown to provide a more accurate estimation of the underlying gene expression, increase the specificity of marker gene signals, and, more importantly, allow for improved tumor diagnostics.
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods for Improving Data Quality in Modern Rna Sequencing Experiments by : Zijian Ni (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Statistical Methods for Improving Data Quality in Modern Rna Sequencing Experiments written by Zijian Ni (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized the possibility of measuring transcriptome-wide gene expression in the last two decades. Modern RNA sequencing techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have been developed in recent years, allowing researchers to quantify gene expression in single-cell resolution or to profile gene activity patterns in 2-dimensional space across tissue. While useful, data collected from these techniques always come with noise, and appropriate filtering and cleaning are required for reliable downstream analyses. In this dissertation, I investigate multiple quality-related issues in scRNA-seq and ST experiments, and I develop, implement, evaluate and apply statistical methods to adjust for them. A unifying theme of this work is that all these methods aim at improving data quality and allowing for better power and precision in downstream analyses. For scRNA-seq data, the quality issue we discuss in this dissertation is distinguishing barcodes associated with real cells from those binding background noise. In droplet-based scRNA-seq experiments, raw data contains both cell barcodes that should be retained for downstream analysis as well as background barcodes that are uninformative and should be filtered out. Due to ambient RNAs presenting in all the barcodes, cell barcodes are not easily distinghished from background barcodes. Both misclassified background barcodes and cell barcodes induce misleading results in downstream analyses. Existing filtering methods test barcodes individually and consequently do not leverage the strong cell-to-cell correlation present in most datasets. To improve cell detection, we introduce CB2, a cluster-based approach for distinguishing real cells from background barcodes. As demonstrated in simulated and case study datasets, CB2 has increased power for identifying real cells which allows for the identification of novel subpopulations and improves downstream differential expression analyses. We then present a benchmark study to evaluate the performance of cell detection methods, including CB2, on public scRNA-seq datasets covering a variety of experiment protocols. In recent years, variants of scRNA-seq techniques have been developed for specialized biological tasks. While the data structures remain the same as the standard scRNA-seq experiment, the underlying data properties can alter a lot. Here, we propose the first benchmark study to provide a thorough comparison across existing cell detection methods in scRNA-seq data, and to guide users to choose the appropriate methods for their experiments. Evaluation metrics include power, precision, computational efficiency, robustness, and accessibility. In addition, we provide investigation and guidance on appropriately choosing filtering parameters in order to improve data quality. For ST data, we uncover, for the first time, a novel quality issue that genes expressed at one tissue region bleed out and contaminate nearby tissue regions. ST is a powerful and widely-used approach for profiling transcriptome-wide gene expression across a tissue with emerging applications in molecular medicine and tumor diagnostics. Recent ST experiments utilize slides containing thousands of spots with spot-specific barcodes that bind RNAs. Ideally, unique molecular identifiers at a spot measure spot-specific expression, but this is often not the case owing to bleed from nearby spots, an artifact we refer to as spot swapping. We design a creative human-mouse chimeric ST experiment to validate the existence of spot swapping. Spot swapping hinders inferences of region-specific gene activities and tissue annotations. In order to decontaminate ST data, we propose SpotClean, a probabilistic model that measures the spot swapping effect and estimates gene expression using EM algorithm. SpotClean is shown to provide a more accurate estimation of the underlying gene expression, increase the specificity of marker gene signals, and, more importantly, allow for improved tumor diagnostics.
Concerted efforts to deepen understanding of RNA modifications and their role in living systems hold the potential to advance human health, improve crop yields, and address other pressing societal challenges. RNA, which carries the information encoded by DNA to the places where it is needed, is amazingly diverse and dynamic. RNA is processed and modified through natural biological pathways, giving rise to hundreds, in some cases thousands, of distinct RNA molecules for each gene, thereby diversifying genetic information. RNA modifications are known to be pivotal players in nearly all biological processes, and their dysregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases and disorders. Yet, our knowledge of RNA modifications remains incomplete, hindered by current technological limitations. Existing methods cannot discover all RNA modifications, let alone comprehensively sequence them on every RNA molecule. Nonetheless, what is known about RNA modifications has already been leveraged in the development of vaccines that helped saved millions of lives worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. RNA modifications also have applications beyond health, for example, enhancing agricultural productivity. Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine calls for a focused, large-scale effort to accelerate technological innovation to harness the full potential of RNA modifications to address pressing societal challenges in health, agriculture, and beyond. This report assesses the scientific and technological breakthroughs, workforce, and infrastructure needs to sequence RNA and its modifications, and ultimately understand the roles RNA modifications play in biological processes and disease. It proposes a roadmap of innovation that will make it possible for any RNA from any biological system to be sequenced end-to-end with all of its modifications - a capability that could lead to more personalized and targeted treatments and instigate transformative changes across various sectors beyond health and medicine.
Book Synopsis Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Download or read book Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2024-11-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerted efforts to deepen understanding of RNA modifications and their role in living systems hold the potential to advance human health, improve crop yields, and address other pressing societal challenges. RNA, which carries the information encoded by DNA to the places where it is needed, is amazingly diverse and dynamic. RNA is processed and modified through natural biological pathways, giving rise to hundreds, in some cases thousands, of distinct RNA molecules for each gene, thereby diversifying genetic information. RNA modifications are known to be pivotal players in nearly all biological processes, and their dysregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases and disorders. Yet, our knowledge of RNA modifications remains incomplete, hindered by current technological limitations. Existing methods cannot discover all RNA modifications, let alone comprehensively sequence them on every RNA molecule. Nonetheless, what is known about RNA modifications has already been leveraged in the development of vaccines that helped saved millions of lives worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. RNA modifications also have applications beyond health, for example, enhancing agricultural productivity. Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine calls for a focused, large-scale effort to accelerate technological innovation to harness the full potential of RNA modifications to address pressing societal challenges in health, agriculture, and beyond. This report assesses the scientific and technological breakthroughs, workforce, and infrastructure needs to sequence RNA and its modifications, and ultimately understand the roles RNA modifications play in biological processes and disease. It proposes a roadmap of innovation that will make it possible for any RNA from any biological system to be sequenced end-to-end with all of its modifications - a capability that could lead to more personalized and targeted treatments and instigate transformative changes across various sectors beyond health and medicine.
Discoveries from the past decades revealed that RNA molecules are much more than inert intermediates between the coding DNA sequences and their functional products, proteins. Today, RNAs are recognized as active regulatory molecules influencing gene expression, chromatin organization and genome stability, thus impacting all aspects of plant life including development, growth, reproduction and stress tolerance. Innovations in methodologies, the expanding application of next-generation sequencing technologies, and the creation of public datasets and databases have exposed a new universe of RNA-based mechanisms and led to the discovery of new families of non-coding RNAs, uncovered the large extent of alternative splicing events, and highlighted the potential roles of RNA modifications and RNA secondary structures. Furthermore, considerable advances have been made in identifying RNA-binding and processing factors involved in the synthesis and maturation of different forms of RNA molecules as well as in RNA processing, biochemical modifications or degradation. This Research Topic showcases the broad biological significance of RNAs in plant systems and contains eight original research articles, one review and four mini-reviews, covering various RNA-based mechanisms in higher plants. Emerging new technologies and novel multidisciplinary approaches are empowering the scientific community and will expectedly bring novel insights into our understanding of the mechanisms through which RNA is regulated and regulates biological processes in plant cells.
Book Synopsis Plant RNA Biology by : Dóra Szakonyi
Download or read book Plant RNA Biology written by Dóra Szakonyi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discoveries from the past decades revealed that RNA molecules are much more than inert intermediates between the coding DNA sequences and their functional products, proteins. Today, RNAs are recognized as active regulatory molecules influencing gene expression, chromatin organization and genome stability, thus impacting all aspects of plant life including development, growth, reproduction and stress tolerance. Innovations in methodologies, the expanding application of next-generation sequencing technologies, and the creation of public datasets and databases have exposed a new universe of RNA-based mechanisms and led to the discovery of new families of non-coding RNAs, uncovered the large extent of alternative splicing events, and highlighted the potential roles of RNA modifications and RNA secondary structures. Furthermore, considerable advances have been made in identifying RNA-binding and processing factors involved in the synthesis and maturation of different forms of RNA molecules as well as in RNA processing, biochemical modifications or degradation. This Research Topic showcases the broad biological significance of RNAs in plant systems and contains eight original research articles, one review and four mini-reviews, covering various RNA-based mechanisms in higher plants. Emerging new technologies and novel multidisciplinary approaches are empowering the scientific community and will expectedly bring novel insights into our understanding of the mechanisms through which RNA is regulated and regulates biological processes in plant cells.
Assessments and Conservation of Biological Diversity from Coral Reefs to the Deep Sea: Uncovering Buried Treasures and the Value of the Benthos examines marine benthic habitats around the world that are linked by their physical location at the bottom of the oceans. The book approaches deep sea marine biodiversity with perspectives on genetics, microbiology and evolution, weaving a narrative of vital expert linkages with the goal of protecting something that most people cannot witness or experience. It provides a full assessment of biological diversity within benthic habitats, from coral reefs to plankton and fish species, and offers global case studies. It is the ideal resource for marine conservationists and biologists aiming to expand their knowledge and efforts to the rarely seen, yet equally important, realms of the ocean and respective benthic species. As these deep-sea ecosystems and their species face unprecedented threats of destruction and extinction due to factors including climate change, this book provides the most current knowledge of this undersea world along with solutions for its conservation. Compares and contrasts between shallow and marine habitats to reveal revolutionary connections and continuity Analyzes modern threats and gaps in biological knowledge regarding benthic communities Examines benthic biodiversity through vertical vs. horizontal gradients Poses possible solutions for the conservation of benthic habitats and organisms
Book Synopsis Assessments and Conservation of Biological Diversity from Coral Reefs to the Deep Sea by : Jose Victor Lopez
Download or read book Assessments and Conservation of Biological Diversity from Coral Reefs to the Deep Sea written by Jose Victor Lopez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessments and Conservation of Biological Diversity from Coral Reefs to the Deep Sea: Uncovering Buried Treasures and the Value of the Benthos examines marine benthic habitats around the world that are linked by their physical location at the bottom of the oceans. The book approaches deep sea marine biodiversity with perspectives on genetics, microbiology and evolution, weaving a narrative of vital expert linkages with the goal of protecting something that most people cannot witness or experience. It provides a full assessment of biological diversity within benthic habitats, from coral reefs to plankton and fish species, and offers global case studies. It is the ideal resource for marine conservationists and biologists aiming to expand their knowledge and efforts to the rarely seen, yet equally important, realms of the ocean and respective benthic species. As these deep-sea ecosystems and their species face unprecedented threats of destruction and extinction due to factors including climate change, this book provides the most current knowledge of this undersea world along with solutions for its conservation. Compares and contrasts between shallow and marine habitats to reveal revolutionary connections and continuity Analyzes modern threats and gaps in biological knowledge regarding benthic communities Examines benthic biodiversity through vertical vs. horizontal gradients Poses possible solutions for the conservation of benthic habitats and organisms
The world turned topsy-turvy after Covid‑19 pandemic. The whole equation and thrust of global politics and economics is now at a new verge. The main question is now – how we can secure human race and humanity. This is the main thrust of the book, Changing Dimensions of Human Security in Contemporary World. This book is an outcome of collective research work done by erudite scholars from different parts of world, like USA, Russia, Japan, Australia, Romania, Nigeria, Nepal, Bangladesh and India, who has come together in search of new trends of human security. They touched upon different milieu as well as dimensions of human security and pandemic in contemporary world scenario. In thirty-two essays, forty-seven authors collectively explored situation of human security in several domains including international politics, law, economy, labour force, sustainable development, education, gender and may more. I believe that this collection of essays can become a benchmark for the future as well as spur new research agendas and projects that will put the region into a much-needed conversation on the recent trends of human security in contemporary world. This book will try to reimagining this changing dimension of Human Security in the Pandemic situation. The goal of this book is to improve the standards of the international community of academicians, researchers, scholars, and scientists by exposing them to the latest trends, developments, and challenges in the field. The volume is essential reading for social scientists, bureaucrats and non-governmental political activists interested in human security. It will also appeal to public policy analysts and scholars who have yet to adopt the contribution of critical security and development studies in the analysis of different dimensions of human security.
Book Synopsis Changing Dimensions of Human Security in Contemporary World by : DR. AURORA MARTIN
Download or read book Changing Dimensions of Human Security in Contemporary World written by DR. AURORA MARTIN and published by INTERDISCIPLINARY INSTITUTE OF HUMAN SECURITY & GOVERNANCE. This book was released on 2023-09-11 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world turned topsy-turvy after Covid‑19 pandemic. The whole equation and thrust of global politics and economics is now at a new verge. The main question is now – how we can secure human race and humanity. This is the main thrust of the book, Changing Dimensions of Human Security in Contemporary World. This book is an outcome of collective research work done by erudite scholars from different parts of world, like USA, Russia, Japan, Australia, Romania, Nigeria, Nepal, Bangladesh and India, who has come together in search of new trends of human security. They touched upon different milieu as well as dimensions of human security and pandemic in contemporary world scenario. In thirty-two essays, forty-seven authors collectively explored situation of human security in several domains including international politics, law, economy, labour force, sustainable development, education, gender and may more. I believe that this collection of essays can become a benchmark for the future as well as spur new research agendas and projects that will put the region into a much-needed conversation on the recent trends of human security in contemporary world. This book will try to reimagining this changing dimension of Human Security in the Pandemic situation. The goal of this book is to improve the standards of the international community of academicians, researchers, scholars, and scientists by exposing them to the latest trends, developments, and challenges in the field. The volume is essential reading for social scientists, bureaucrats and non-governmental political activists interested in human security. It will also appeal to public policy analysts and scholars who have yet to adopt the contribution of critical security and development studies in the analysis of different dimensions of human security.
The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
This book collects different methodologies that permit metaheuristics and machine learning to solve real-world problems. This book has exciting chapters that employ evolutionary and swarm optimization tools combined with machine learning techniques. The fields of applications are from distribution systems until medical diagnosis, and they are also included different surveys and literature reviews that will enrich the reader. Besides, cutting-edge methods such as neuroevolutionary and IoT implementations are presented in some chapters. In this sense, the book provides theory and practical content with novel machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms. The chapters were compiled using a scientific perspective. Accordingly, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Science, Engineering, and Computational Mathematics and can be used in courses on Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Machine Learning, among others. Likewise, the material can be helpful for research from the evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence communities.
Book Synopsis Integrating Meta-Heuristics and Machine Learning for Real-World Optimization Problems by : Essam Halim Houssein
Download or read book Integrating Meta-Heuristics and Machine Learning for Real-World Optimization Problems written by Essam Halim Houssein and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-04 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects different methodologies that permit metaheuristics and machine learning to solve real-world problems. This book has exciting chapters that employ evolutionary and swarm optimization tools combined with machine learning techniques. The fields of applications are from distribution systems until medical diagnosis, and they are also included different surveys and literature reviews that will enrich the reader. Besides, cutting-edge methods such as neuroevolutionary and IoT implementations are presented in some chapters. In this sense, the book provides theory and practical content with novel machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms. The chapters were compiled using a scientific perspective. Accordingly, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Science, Engineering, and Computational Mathematics and can be used in courses on Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Machine Learning, among others. Likewise, the material can be helpful for research from the evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence communities.
