Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species

Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species

Author: Alison Jane Haupt

Publisher: Stanford University

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13:

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The overarching theme of my thesis is to explore patterns of larval dispersal as they relate to management of fished marine species. I employed a case study of two species: Megastraea undosa and Parastichopus parvimensis to investigate patterns of phylogeography and assess relative scales of dispersal for these two species which are fished in both California, USA and Baja California, MEX. To examine how some generalities for many species can be made for a specific geographic area, I reviewed all existing phylogeographic studies around Cape Mendocino, CA. Dispersal at a snail's pace: Strong genetic structure in the fisheries gastropod Megastaea undosa. Information about larval dispersal is necessary for effective management of fisheries. Population genetics are often employed to assess dispersal, but these data also carry artifacts from the evolutionary history of a species. I assessed historical and modern demography of the wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, a marine snail that is fished in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Genetic structure at the COI mtDNA locus is strikingly high, with large shifts in haplotype frequencies between southern Baja and southern California. Coalescent-based modeling of genetic data suggests that the population has limited dispersal throughout the range and underwent a northward range expansion after the last glacial maximum. I conclude that both historical and contemporary processes affect observed patterns of phylogeography in M. undosa. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management. iv Subtle genetic structure in the commercially fished warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis. The warty sea cucumber, P. parvimensis, is fished commercially in both California, USA and Baja California, Mexico but little is known about the status of the fisheries or if separate stocks exist. P. parvimensis has a long pelagic larval duration of 50-90 days, which may translate to high connectivity throughout the species range (Monterey, CA, USA to Bahía Asuncion, BCS, Mexico). I examined phylogeographic patterns at the COI mtDNA locus and five microsatellite loci throughout the range of P. parvimensis and was particularly interested in patterns associated with the potential phylogeographic barriers of Point Conception, CA, USA and Punta Eugenia, BCS, MEX. I found no structure associated with Point Conception, but subtle genetic structure at both types of loci for Punta Eugenia, which may be mechanistically explained by oceanographic patterns. These data have important implications for management of the sea cucumber fishery and indicate that populations south of Punta Eugenia likely do not receive biologically meaningful input of larvae from northern populations to supplement the local fishery. Concordant phylogeographic patterns associated with the major headland of Cape Mendocino in northern California. Most coastlines are non-linear and headlands such as Cape Mendocino may interact with oceanographic processes to create barriers to dispersal. Though Cape Mendocino is a prominent headland, it has been largely ignored in the phylogeographic literature, which focuses instead on Point Conception in southern California. I reviewed and synthesized phylogeographic studies that include sampling sites north and south of Cape Mendocino and discuss the v oceanography and topography of the cape as potential mechanistic drivers of larval dispersal patterns. Slightly more than half (24 out of 46) of the surveyed species that showed significant genetic structure around this headland, which suggests that this headland may be an important barrier to dispersal and may limit connectivity between northern and central California. If populations north of Cape Mendocino have higher connectivity with populations in Oregon than with those in central California, marine spatial planning must occur at a multi-state scale to reach marine conservation goals.


Book Synopsis Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species by : Alison Jane Haupt

Download or read book Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species written by Alison Jane Haupt and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching theme of my thesis is to explore patterns of larval dispersal as they relate to management of fished marine species. I employed a case study of two species: Megastraea undosa and Parastichopus parvimensis to investigate patterns of phylogeography and assess relative scales of dispersal for these two species which are fished in both California, USA and Baja California, MEX. To examine how some generalities for many species can be made for a specific geographic area, I reviewed all existing phylogeographic studies around Cape Mendocino, CA. Dispersal at a snail's pace: Strong genetic structure in the fisheries gastropod Megastaea undosa. Information about larval dispersal is necessary for effective management of fisheries. Population genetics are often employed to assess dispersal, but these data also carry artifacts from the evolutionary history of a species. I assessed historical and modern demography of the wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, a marine snail that is fished in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Genetic structure at the COI mtDNA locus is strikingly high, with large shifts in haplotype frequencies between southern Baja and southern California. Coalescent-based modeling of genetic data suggests that the population has limited dispersal throughout the range and underwent a northward range expansion after the last glacial maximum. I conclude that both historical and contemporary processes affect observed patterns of phylogeography in M. undosa. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management. iv Subtle genetic structure in the commercially fished warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis. The warty sea cucumber, P. parvimensis, is fished commercially in both California, USA and Baja California, Mexico but little is known about the status of the fisheries or if separate stocks exist. P. parvimensis has a long pelagic larval duration of 50-90 days, which may translate to high connectivity throughout the species range (Monterey, CA, USA to Bahía Asuncion, BCS, Mexico). I examined phylogeographic patterns at the COI mtDNA locus and five microsatellite loci throughout the range of P. parvimensis and was particularly interested in patterns associated with the potential phylogeographic barriers of Point Conception, CA, USA and Punta Eugenia, BCS, MEX. I found no structure associated with Point Conception, but subtle genetic structure at both types of loci for Punta Eugenia, which may be mechanistically explained by oceanographic patterns. These data have important implications for management of the sea cucumber fishery and indicate that populations south of Punta Eugenia likely do not receive biologically meaningful input of larvae from northern populations to supplement the local fishery. Concordant phylogeographic patterns associated with the major headland of Cape Mendocino in northern California. Most coastlines are non-linear and headlands such as Cape Mendocino may interact with oceanographic processes to create barriers to dispersal. Though Cape Mendocino is a prominent headland, it has been largely ignored in the phylogeographic literature, which focuses instead on Point Conception in southern California. I reviewed and synthesized phylogeographic studies that include sampling sites north and south of Cape Mendocino and discuss the v oceanography and topography of the cape as potential mechanistic drivers of larval dispersal patterns. Slightly more than half (24 out of 46) of the surveyed species that showed significant genetic structure around this headland, which suggests that this headland may be an important barrier to dispersal and may limit connectivity between northern and central California. If populations north of Cape Mendocino have higher connectivity with populations in Oregon than with those in central California, marine spatial planning must occur at a multi-state scale to reach marine conservation goals.

Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species

Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species

Author: Alison Jane Haupt

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The overarching theme of my thesis is to explore patterns of larval dispersal as they relate to management of fished marine species. I employed a case study of two species: Megastraea undosa and Parastichopus parvimensis to investigate patterns of phylogeography and assess relative scales of dispersal for these two species which are fished in both California, USA and Baja California, MEX. To examine how some generalities for many species can be made for a specific geographic area, I reviewed all existing phylogeographic studies around Cape Mendocino, CA. Dispersal at a snail's pace: Strong genetic structure in the fisheries gastropod Megastaea undosa. Information about larval dispersal is necessary for effective management of fisheries. Population genetics are often employed to assess dispersal, but these data also carry artifacts from the evolutionary history of a species. I assessed historical and modern demography of the wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, a marine snail that is fished in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Genetic structure at the COI mtDNA locus is strikingly high, with large shifts in haplotype frequencies between southern Baja and southern California. Coalescent-based modeling of genetic data suggests that the population has limited dispersal throughout the range and underwent a northward range expansion after the last glacial maximum. I conclude that both historical and contemporary processes affect observed patterns of phylogeography in M. undosa. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management. iv Subtle genetic structure in the commercially fished warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis. The warty sea cucumber, P. parvimensis, is fished commercially in both California, USA and Baja California, Mexico but little is known about the status of the fisheries or if separate stocks exist. P. parvimensis has a long pelagic larval duration of 50-90 days, which may translate to high connectivity throughout the species range (Monterey, CA, USA to Bahía Asuncion, BCS, Mexico). I examined phylogeographic patterns at the COI mtDNA locus and five microsatellite loci throughout the range of P. parvimensis and was particularly interested in patterns associated with the potential phylogeographic barriers of Point Conception, CA, USA and Punta Eugenia, BCS, MEX. I found no structure associated with Point Conception, but subtle genetic structure at both types of loci for Punta Eugenia, which may be mechanistically explained by oceanographic patterns. These data have important implications for management of the sea cucumber fishery and indicate that populations south of Punta Eugenia likely do not receive biologically meaningful input of larvae from northern populations to supplement the local fishery. Concordant phylogeographic patterns associated with the major headland of Cape Mendocino in northern California. Most coastlines are non-linear and headlands such as Cape Mendocino may interact with oceanographic processes to create barriers to dispersal. Though Cape Mendocino is a prominent headland, it has been largely ignored in the phylogeographic literature, which focuses instead on Point Conception in southern California. I reviewed and synthesized phylogeographic studies that include sampling sites north and south of Cape Mendocino and discuss the v oceanography and topography of the cape as potential mechanistic drivers of larval dispersal patterns. Slightly more than half (24 out of 46) of the surveyed species that showed significant genetic structure around this headland, which suggests that this headland may be an important barrier to dispersal and may limit connectivity between northern and central California. If populations north of Cape Mendocino have higher connectivity with populations in Oregon than with those in central California, marine spatial planning must occur at a multi-state scale to reach marine conservation goals.


Book Synopsis Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species by : Alison Jane Haupt

Download or read book Historical and Oceanographic Influences on Phylogeography in the California Current Ecosystem and Applications to Management of Marine Species written by Alison Jane Haupt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching theme of my thesis is to explore patterns of larval dispersal as they relate to management of fished marine species. I employed a case study of two species: Megastraea undosa and Parastichopus parvimensis to investigate patterns of phylogeography and assess relative scales of dispersal for these two species which are fished in both California, USA and Baja California, MEX. To examine how some generalities for many species can be made for a specific geographic area, I reviewed all existing phylogeographic studies around Cape Mendocino, CA. Dispersal at a snail's pace: Strong genetic structure in the fisheries gastropod Megastaea undosa. Information about larval dispersal is necessary for effective management of fisheries. Population genetics are often employed to assess dispersal, but these data also carry artifacts from the evolutionary history of a species. I assessed historical and modern demography of the wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, a marine snail that is fished in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Genetic structure at the COI mtDNA locus is strikingly high, with large shifts in haplotype frequencies between southern Baja and southern California. Coalescent-based modeling of genetic data suggests that the population has limited dispersal throughout the range and underwent a northward range expansion after the last glacial maximum. I conclude that both historical and contemporary processes affect observed patterns of phylogeography in M. undosa. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management. iv Subtle genetic structure in the commercially fished warty sea cucumber, Parastichopus parvimensis. The warty sea cucumber, P. parvimensis, is fished commercially in both California, USA and Baja California, Mexico but little is known about the status of the fisheries or if separate stocks exist. P. parvimensis has a long pelagic larval duration of 50-90 days, which may translate to high connectivity throughout the species range (Monterey, CA, USA to Bahía Asuncion, BCS, Mexico). I examined phylogeographic patterns at the COI mtDNA locus and five microsatellite loci throughout the range of P. parvimensis and was particularly interested in patterns associated with the potential phylogeographic barriers of Point Conception, CA, USA and Punta Eugenia, BCS, MEX. I found no structure associated with Point Conception, but subtle genetic structure at both types of loci for Punta Eugenia, which may be mechanistically explained by oceanographic patterns. These data have important implications for management of the sea cucumber fishery and indicate that populations south of Punta Eugenia likely do not receive biologically meaningful input of larvae from northern populations to supplement the local fishery. Concordant phylogeographic patterns associated with the major headland of Cape Mendocino in northern California. Most coastlines are non-linear and headlands such as Cape Mendocino may interact with oceanographic processes to create barriers to dispersal. Though Cape Mendocino is a prominent headland, it has been largely ignored in the phylogeographic literature, which focuses instead on Point Conception in southern California. I reviewed and synthesized phylogeographic studies that include sampling sites north and south of Cape Mendocino and discuss the v oceanography and topography of the cape as potential mechanistic drivers of larval dispersal patterns. Slightly more than half (24 out of 46) of the surveyed species that showed significant genetic structure around this headland, which suggests that this headland may be an important barrier to dispersal and may limit connectivity between northern and central California. If populations north of Cape Mendocino have higher connectivity with populations in Oregon than with those in central California, marine spatial planning must occur at a multi-state scale to reach marine conservation goals.

Phylogeography of California

Phylogeography of California

Author: Kristina A. Schierenbeck

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2014-08-26

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 0520959248

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Phylogeography of California examines the evolution of a variety of taxa—ancient and recent, native and migratory—to elucidate evolutionary events both major and minor that shaped the distribution, radiation, and speciation of the biota of California. The book also interprets evolutionary history in a geological context and reviews new and emerging phylogeographic patterns. Focusing on a region that is defined by physical and political boundaries, Kristina A. Schierenbeck provides a phylogeographic survey of California’s diverse flora and fauna according to their major organismal groups. Life history and ecological characteristics, which play prominent roles in the various outcomes for respective clades, are also considered throughout the work. Supporting scholars and researchers who study evolutionary diversification, the book analyzes research that helps assess one of the major challenges in phylogeographic studies: understanding changes in population structures shaped by geological and geographical processes. California is one of only twenty-five acknowledged biological hotspots worldwide, and the phylogeographic history of the state can be extrapolated to study other regions in western North America. Further consideration is given to implications for conservation, recommendations concerning the biogeographic provinces that roughly define the state of California, and predictions related to climate change.


Book Synopsis Phylogeography of California by : Kristina A. Schierenbeck

Download or read book Phylogeography of California written by Kristina A. Schierenbeck and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogeography of California examines the evolution of a variety of taxa—ancient and recent, native and migratory—to elucidate evolutionary events both major and minor that shaped the distribution, radiation, and speciation of the biota of California. The book also interprets evolutionary history in a geological context and reviews new and emerging phylogeographic patterns. Focusing on a region that is defined by physical and political boundaries, Kristina A. Schierenbeck provides a phylogeographic survey of California’s diverse flora and fauna according to their major organismal groups. Life history and ecological characteristics, which play prominent roles in the various outcomes for respective clades, are also considered throughout the work. Supporting scholars and researchers who study evolutionary diversification, the book analyzes research that helps assess one of the major challenges in phylogeographic studies: understanding changes in population structures shaped by geological and geographical processes. California is one of only twenty-five acknowledged biological hotspots worldwide, and the phylogeographic history of the state can be extrapolated to study other regions in western North America. Further consideration is given to implications for conservation, recommendations concerning the biogeographic provinces that roughly define the state of California, and predictions related to climate change.

The Gulf of California

The Gulf of California

Author: Richard C. Brusca

Publisher: University of Arizona Press

Published: 2010-04-15

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 0816502757

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Few places in the world can claim such a diversity of species as the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), with its 6,000 recorded animal species estimated to be half the number actually living in its waters. So rich are the Gulf's water that over a half-million tons of seafood are taken from them annually—and this figure does not count the wasted by-catch, which would triple or quadruple that tonnage. This timely book provides a benchmark for understanding the Gulf's extraordinary diversity, how it is threatened, and in what ways it is—or should be—protected. In spite of its dazzling richness, most of the Gulf's coastline now harbors but a pale shadow of the diversity that existed just a half-century ago. Recommendations based on sound, careful science must guide Mexico in moving forward to protect the Gulf of California. This edited volume contains contributions by twenty-four Gulf of California experts, from both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. From the origins of the Gulf to its physical and chemical characteristics, from urgently needed conservation alternatives for fisheries and the entire Gulf ecosystem to information about its invertebrates, fishes, cetaceans, and sea turtles, this thought-provoking book provides new insights and clear paths to achieve sustainable use solidly based on robust science. The interdisciplinary, international cooperation involved in creating this much-needed collection provides a model for achieving success in answering critically important questions about a precious but rapidly disappearing ecological treasure.


Book Synopsis The Gulf of California by : Richard C. Brusca

Download or read book The Gulf of California written by Richard C. Brusca and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few places in the world can claim such a diversity of species as the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), with its 6,000 recorded animal species estimated to be half the number actually living in its waters. So rich are the Gulf's water that over a half-million tons of seafood are taken from them annually—and this figure does not count the wasted by-catch, which would triple or quadruple that tonnage. This timely book provides a benchmark for understanding the Gulf's extraordinary diversity, how it is threatened, and in what ways it is—or should be—protected. In spite of its dazzling richness, most of the Gulf's coastline now harbors but a pale shadow of the diversity that existed just a half-century ago. Recommendations based on sound, careful science must guide Mexico in moving forward to protect the Gulf of California. This edited volume contains contributions by twenty-four Gulf of California experts, from both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. From the origins of the Gulf to its physical and chemical characteristics, from urgently needed conservation alternatives for fisheries and the entire Gulf ecosystem to information about its invertebrates, fishes, cetaceans, and sea turtles, this thought-provoking book provides new insights and clear paths to achieve sustainable use solidly based on robust science. The interdisciplinary, international cooperation involved in creating this much-needed collection provides a model for achieving success in answering critically important questions about a precious but rapidly disappearing ecological treasure.

Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System

Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System

Author: Sam McClatchie

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-09-30

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 9400772238

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The California Current System is one of the best studied ocean regions of the world, and the level of oceanographic information available is perhaps only surpassed by the northeast and northwest Atlantic. The current literature (later than 1993) offers no comprehensive, integrated review of the regional fisheries oceanography of the California Current System. This volume summarizes information of more than 60-year California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI). While providing a large bibliography, the intent was to extract themes relevant to current research rather than to prepare a compendious review of the literature. The work presents a useful review and reference point for multidisciplinary fisheries scientists and biological oceanographers new to working in the California Current System, and to specialists wishing to access information outside their core areas of expertise. In addition it aims to deliver an up to date reference to the current state of knowledge of fisheries oceanography in the California Current System.


Book Synopsis Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System by : Sam McClatchie

Download or read book Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System written by Sam McClatchie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Current System is one of the best studied ocean regions of the world, and the level of oceanographic information available is perhaps only surpassed by the northeast and northwest Atlantic. The current literature (later than 1993) offers no comprehensive, integrated review of the regional fisheries oceanography of the California Current System. This volume summarizes information of more than 60-year California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI). While providing a large bibliography, the intent was to extract themes relevant to current research rather than to prepare a compendious review of the literature. The work presents a useful review and reference point for multidisciplinary fisheries scientists and biological oceanographers new to working in the California Current System, and to specialists wishing to access information outside their core areas of expertise. In addition it aims to deliver an up to date reference to the current state of knowledge of fisheries oceanography in the California Current System.

Navigating Fragmented Ocean Law in the California Current

Navigating Fragmented Ocean Law in the California Current

Author: Julia Anne Ekstrom

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 676

ISBN-13: 9780549702757

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To develop such techniques, the project first compiled a comprehensive set of state and federal statutes and regulations to represent ocean and coastal management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. This dissertation also highlights the utility of analyses in the context of a real world environmental problem by presenting a case study applying the analyses to ocean acidification and its projected impacts on the California Channel Islands waters. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates the immense application potential of computer science to provide baseline data about fragmented ocean management. This dissertation shows that text mining can provide a quantitatively and systematically generated starting point for further investigation and identifying research priorities.


Book Synopsis Navigating Fragmented Ocean Law in the California Current by : Julia Anne Ekstrom

Download or read book Navigating Fragmented Ocean Law in the California Current written by Julia Anne Ekstrom and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To develop such techniques, the project first compiled a comprehensive set of state and federal statutes and regulations to represent ocean and coastal management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. This dissertation also highlights the utility of analyses in the context of a real world environmental problem by presenting a case study applying the analyses to ocean acidification and its projected impacts on the California Channel Islands waters. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates the immense application potential of computer science to provide baseline data about fragmented ocean management. This dissertation shows that text mining can provide a quantitatively and systematically generated starting point for further investigation and identifying research priorities.

Seafloor heterogeneity: Artificial structures and marine ecosystem dynamics - recent advances

Seafloor heterogeneity: Artificial structures and marine ecosystem dynamics - recent advances

Author: Toyonobu Fujii

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2023-04-26

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 2832521797

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Book Synopsis Seafloor heterogeneity: Artificial structures and marine ecosystem dynamics - recent advances by : Toyonobu Fujii

Download or read book Seafloor heterogeneity: Artificial structures and marine ecosystem dynamics - recent advances written by Toyonobu Fujii and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Climatology and Oceanographic Analysis of the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region

A Climatology and Oceanographic Analysis of the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis A Climatology and Oceanographic Analysis of the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region by :

Download or read book A Climatology and Oceanographic Analysis of the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

California Ocean Research

California Ocean Research

Author: University of California (System). Sea Grant College Program

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis California Ocean Research by : University of California (System). Sea Grant College Program

Download or read book California Ocean Research written by University of California (System). Sea Grant College Program and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nearshore Processes Influencing Larval Distributions and Coastal Population Dynamics Along an Upwelling Coast

Nearshore Processes Influencing Larval Distributions and Coastal Population Dynamics Along an Upwelling Coast

Author: Erin Vera Satterthwaite

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9780438930124

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An enhanced understanding of the processes that influence coastal populations is central to our understanding of life in the sea and effective marine management. Since many benthic marine species have a dispersing, larval phase, processes affecting both the larval and benthic, adult phases are important in structuring populations. Thus, elucidating key processes affecting population dynamics requires a comprehensive understanding of nearshore, coastal, and benthic processes. In addition, along coasts influenced by upwelling, populations are often considered to be recruitment-limited, thus processes acting on the larval phase are essential in influencing nearshore population dynamics. Consequently, understanding the sources of variability in reproductive output, larval transport, supply and recruitment are integral to the dynamics, structure and effective management of marine populations and communities. In this dissertation, I investigated the effect of nearshore processes on invertebrate larval distributions, reproduction, and recruitment along the California coast, which is characterized by upwelling and relaxation dynamics during the spring and summer. Seasonal variation in upwelling and relaxation dynamics influence dispersal and recruitment. In Chapter 1, I investigated the effects of seasonal variation in nearshore physical oceanography on invertebrate larval distributions in the upwelling-dominated region of northern Monterey Bay, California. I characterized the physical oceanographic factors in summer and fall and related these to the invertebrate larval assemblage. I found that water types differed seasonally in temperature, salinity, stratification, and chlorophyll-a fluorescence with a corresponding shift in the composition and abundance of invertebrate larvae in the meroplankton assemblage. This suggests that relationships between larval taxa, life history characteristics, and water types could provide insights into water mass history, circulation, and larval recruitment, in highly dynamic upwelling regions. Physical oceanography coupled with sites of larval release and depth regulation by larvae influence larval distribution patterns. In Chapter 2, I explored the cross-shore and depth distribution patterns of larvae in northern Monterey Bay. Larvae of nearshore species predominately occurred near the bottom and in the inner bay, and larvae of offshore taxa occurred near the bottom and offshore, often associated with offshore water masses. In addition, taxa with similar adult habitat and depth distributions co-occurred in larval samples. Thus, aspects of the entire life history, such as adult habitat distribution, must be considered when attempting to elucidate drivers of larval transport, larval supply and population dynamics of benthic marine organisms. Since larval dispersal can lead to the spatial decoupling of reproduction and recruitment, elucidating the key factors affecting the relationship between reproduction and recruitment, known as the stock-recruitment relationship, is key for predicting recruitment to coastal populations. In Chapter 3, I measured reproductive output and recruitment in a model intertidal crab, Petrolisthes cinctipes, metapopulation along the California coast and compared reproduction and recruitment to wave exposure, habitat quality (grain size), and habitat sizes of each site. I found that wave exposed sites had more habitat and lower densities of recruits. Wave exposure did not influence the quality of habitat, which influenced the density of reproductive females. Thus, metapopulation dynamics were affected by both wave exposure, through its effect on habitat size and recruitment, and habitat quality, through its effect on reproduction. Consequently, the relationship between nearshore hydrodynamics that create and maintain quality coastal habitat patches and deliver larvae to shore is a key question in source-sink dynamics of marine metapopulations and stock-recruitment relationships. These results help to advance our understanding of how nearshore oceanographic processes, habitat characteristics, and life history affect variation in demographic rates of marine populations in upwelling systems. A comprehensive understanding of the processes regulating populations, both in the plankton and benthos, has implications for advancing fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions pertaining to marine populations and communities, along with improving marine resource conservation and management.


Book Synopsis Nearshore Processes Influencing Larval Distributions and Coastal Population Dynamics Along an Upwelling Coast by : Erin Vera Satterthwaite

Download or read book Nearshore Processes Influencing Larval Distributions and Coastal Population Dynamics Along an Upwelling Coast written by Erin Vera Satterthwaite and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enhanced understanding of the processes that influence coastal populations is central to our understanding of life in the sea and effective marine management. Since many benthic marine species have a dispersing, larval phase, processes affecting both the larval and benthic, adult phases are important in structuring populations. Thus, elucidating key processes affecting population dynamics requires a comprehensive understanding of nearshore, coastal, and benthic processes. In addition, along coasts influenced by upwelling, populations are often considered to be recruitment-limited, thus processes acting on the larval phase are essential in influencing nearshore population dynamics. Consequently, understanding the sources of variability in reproductive output, larval transport, supply and recruitment are integral to the dynamics, structure and effective management of marine populations and communities. In this dissertation, I investigated the effect of nearshore processes on invertebrate larval distributions, reproduction, and recruitment along the California coast, which is characterized by upwelling and relaxation dynamics during the spring and summer. Seasonal variation in upwelling and relaxation dynamics influence dispersal and recruitment. In Chapter 1, I investigated the effects of seasonal variation in nearshore physical oceanography on invertebrate larval distributions in the upwelling-dominated region of northern Monterey Bay, California. I characterized the physical oceanographic factors in summer and fall and related these to the invertebrate larval assemblage. I found that water types differed seasonally in temperature, salinity, stratification, and chlorophyll-a fluorescence with a corresponding shift in the composition and abundance of invertebrate larvae in the meroplankton assemblage. This suggests that relationships between larval taxa, life history characteristics, and water types could provide insights into water mass history, circulation, and larval recruitment, in highly dynamic upwelling regions. Physical oceanography coupled with sites of larval release and depth regulation by larvae influence larval distribution patterns. In Chapter 2, I explored the cross-shore and depth distribution patterns of larvae in northern Monterey Bay. Larvae of nearshore species predominately occurred near the bottom and in the inner bay, and larvae of offshore taxa occurred near the bottom and offshore, often associated with offshore water masses. In addition, taxa with similar adult habitat and depth distributions co-occurred in larval samples. Thus, aspects of the entire life history, such as adult habitat distribution, must be considered when attempting to elucidate drivers of larval transport, larval supply and population dynamics of benthic marine organisms. Since larval dispersal can lead to the spatial decoupling of reproduction and recruitment, elucidating the key factors affecting the relationship between reproduction and recruitment, known as the stock-recruitment relationship, is key for predicting recruitment to coastal populations. In Chapter 3, I measured reproductive output and recruitment in a model intertidal crab, Petrolisthes cinctipes, metapopulation along the California coast and compared reproduction and recruitment to wave exposure, habitat quality (grain size), and habitat sizes of each site. I found that wave exposed sites had more habitat and lower densities of recruits. Wave exposure did not influence the quality of habitat, which influenced the density of reproductive females. Thus, metapopulation dynamics were affected by both wave exposure, through its effect on habitat size and recruitment, and habitat quality, through its effect on reproduction. Consequently, the relationship between nearshore hydrodynamics that create and maintain quality coastal habitat patches and deliver larvae to shore is a key question in source-sink dynamics of marine metapopulations and stock-recruitment relationships. These results help to advance our understanding of how nearshore oceanographic processes, habitat characteristics, and life history affect variation in demographic rates of marine populations in upwelling systems. A comprehensive understanding of the processes regulating populations, both in the plankton and benthos, has implications for advancing fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions pertaining to marine populations and communities, along with improving marine resource conservation and management.