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An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regionsâ€"especially sub-Saharan Africaâ€"is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.
Book Synopsis Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-11-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regionsâ€"especially sub-Saharan Africaâ€"is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.
Should a physician with AIDS be required to inform his or her patients? Does a physician have an obligation to warn the partner who wants this fact kept secret? Should all newborns and pregnant women be screened for HIV? Should insurance companies be required to insure patients who test positive for the disease? Professionals and society at large are confronted by a wide range of complex ethical issues produced by the AIDS health crisis. AIDS and Ethics is the first major collection of essays on the complex ethical issues created by the AIDS crisis. The nation's leading bioethics experts from the fields of law, medicine, philosophy, political science, religion, and social work present original and accessible essays. They address current controversial issues related to the tension between civil rights and public health, mandatory HIV testing, human subjects research, health care insurance, AIDS education, militant AIDS activism, the physician-patient relationship, issues of privacy, and legal issues. This important book will provide philosophical and practical guidelines to health care and human service professionals, policy makers, scholars, and others affected by the AIDS crisis.
Book Synopsis AIDS & Ethics by : Frederic G. Reamer
Download or read book AIDS & Ethics written by Frederic G. Reamer and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should a physician with AIDS be required to inform his or her patients? Does a physician have an obligation to warn the partner who wants this fact kept secret? Should all newborns and pregnant women be screened for HIV? Should insurance companies be required to insure patients who test positive for the disease? Professionals and society at large are confronted by a wide range of complex ethical issues produced by the AIDS health crisis. AIDS and Ethics is the first major collection of essays on the complex ethical issues created by the AIDS crisis. The nation's leading bioethics experts from the fields of law, medicine, philosophy, political science, religion, and social work present original and accessible essays. They address current controversial issues related to the tension between civil rights and public health, mandatory HIV testing, human subjects research, health care insurance, AIDS education, militant AIDS activism, the physician-patient relationship, issues of privacy, and legal issues. This important book will provide philosophical and practical guidelines to health care and human service professionals, policy makers, scholars, and others affected by the AIDS crisis.
Outcome of a workshop on prevention and control of AIDS.
Book Synopsis Horns of a Dilemma, AIDS by : Shanker D. Bhatt
Download or read book Horns of a Dilemma, AIDS written by Shanker D. Bhatt and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outcome of a workshop on prevention and control of AIDS.
Breakthroughs in biomedicine often lead to new life-giving treatments but may also raise troubling, even life-and-death, quandaries. Society's Choices discusses ways for people to handle today's bioethics issues in the context of America's unique history and cultureâ€"and from the perspectives of various interest groups. The book explores how Americans have grappled with specific aspects of bioethics through commission deliberations, programs by organizations, and other mechanisms and identifies criteria for evaluating the outcomes of these efforts. The committee offers recommendations on the role of government and professional societies, the function of commissions and institutional review boards, and bioethics in health professional education and research. The volume includes a series of 12 superb background papers on public moral discourse, mechanisms for handling social and ethical dilemmas, and other specific areas of controversy by well-known experts Ronald Bayer, Martin Benjamin, Dan W. Brock, Baruch A. Brody, H. Alta Charo, Lawrence Gostin, Bradford H. Gray, Kathi E. Hanna, Elizabeth Heitman, Thomas Nagel, Steven Shapin, and Charles M. Swezey.
Book Synopsis Society's Choices by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Society's Choices written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breakthroughs in biomedicine often lead to new life-giving treatments but may also raise troubling, even life-and-death, quandaries. Society's Choices discusses ways for people to handle today's bioethics issues in the context of America's unique history and cultureâ€"and from the perspectives of various interest groups. The book explores how Americans have grappled with specific aspects of bioethics through commission deliberations, programs by organizations, and other mechanisms and identifies criteria for evaluating the outcomes of these efforts. The committee offers recommendations on the role of government and professional societies, the function of commissions and institutional review boards, and bioethics in health professional education and research. The volume includes a series of 12 superb background papers on public moral discourse, mechanisms for handling social and ethical dilemmas, and other specific areas of controversy by well-known experts Ronald Bayer, Martin Benjamin, Dan W. Brock, Baruch A. Brody, H. Alta Charo, Lawrence Gostin, Bradford H. Gray, Kathi E. Hanna, Elizabeth Heitman, Thomas Nagel, Steven Shapin, and Charles M. Swezey.
"The book is a balanced and comprehensive treatment of an important social issue. It is accessible to the general reader and belongs in public as well as academic libraries." -- Religious Studies Review "Painstaking analysis of the knotty ethical problems involved in human-subjects research, and a well-thought-out proposal for a community approach to conducting field trials for an HIV vaccine.... Highly recommended for medical ethicists and anyone concerned about the AIDS epidemic and how HIV research is conducted."Â -- Kirkus Reviews "... a carefully reasoned account of how research for and trial of a preventive vaccine differ from the methods used to discover a therapy."Â -- Booklist "I highly recommend reading this book which I would attest to be a thrilling, ethically challenging, and informative descent into the allopathic solution." -- Ryan Hosken, Bastyr University Library Newsletter "As the scientific effort to produce an efficacious vaccine continues, [Grady's] work provides an ethical compass that will guide us well, regardless of where phase III HIV vaccine trials ultimately occur." -- Journal of the American Medical Association "Highly recommended... " -- AIDS Book Review Journal "A remarkable treatment of a most difficult and complex subject... Grady's book is of special merit because it is simple, readable, and understandable, while conveying in-depth perceptions that are critical to the reader. A useful and essential reference work for those who would engage in the initiative to bring about a resolution of a mighty human health problem." -- Maurice R. Hilleman, Ph.D., D.Sc., Director, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research "Dr. Grady's important study captures the complexity of the search for an AIDS vaccine with startling clarity. Her insights into the full range of forces that shape our national response to AIDS vaccine development should read like signposts to vaccinologists, AIDS community activists, and most importantly, the Public Health Service. An impressive contribution." -- Derek Hodel, Gay Men's Health Crisis "This book is recommended to medical ethicists, those involved in non-HIV vaccine trials, and all persons involved in HIV vaccine trials, including investigators, sponsors, study subjects and communities at risk." -- Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law The creation of a vaccine now seems the best hope for controlling AIDS. Yet developing and testing an HIV vaccine raises a host of difficult ethical issues. These concerns are the focus of this timely and important book. Essential reading for everyone interested in ethics and the conduct of HIV vaccine research.
Book Synopsis The Search for an AIDS Vaccine by : Christine Grady
Download or read book The Search for an AIDS Vaccine written by Christine Grady and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book is a balanced and comprehensive treatment of an important social issue. It is accessible to the general reader and belongs in public as well as academic libraries." -- Religious Studies Review "Painstaking analysis of the knotty ethical problems involved in human-subjects research, and a well-thought-out proposal for a community approach to conducting field trials for an HIV vaccine.... Highly recommended for medical ethicists and anyone concerned about the AIDS epidemic and how HIV research is conducted."Â -- Kirkus Reviews "... a carefully reasoned account of how research for and trial of a preventive vaccine differ from the methods used to discover a therapy."Â -- Booklist "I highly recommend reading this book which I would attest to be a thrilling, ethically challenging, and informative descent into the allopathic solution." -- Ryan Hosken, Bastyr University Library Newsletter "As the scientific effort to produce an efficacious vaccine continues, [Grady's] work provides an ethical compass that will guide us well, regardless of where phase III HIV vaccine trials ultimately occur." -- Journal of the American Medical Association "Highly recommended... " -- AIDS Book Review Journal "A remarkable treatment of a most difficult and complex subject... Grady's book is of special merit because it is simple, readable, and understandable, while conveying in-depth perceptions that are critical to the reader. A useful and essential reference work for those who would engage in the initiative to bring about a resolution of a mighty human health problem." -- Maurice R. Hilleman, Ph.D., D.Sc., Director, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research "Dr. Grady's important study captures the complexity of the search for an AIDS vaccine with startling clarity. Her insights into the full range of forces that shape our national response to AIDS vaccine development should read like signposts to vaccinologists, AIDS community activists, and most importantly, the Public Health Service. An impressive contribution." -- Derek Hodel, Gay Men's Health Crisis "This book is recommended to medical ethicists, those involved in non-HIV vaccine trials, and all persons involved in HIV vaccine trials, including investigators, sponsors, study subjects and communities at risk." -- Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law The creation of a vaccine now seems the best hope for controlling AIDS. Yet developing and testing an HIV vaccine raises a host of difficult ethical issues. These concerns are the focus of this timely and important book. Essential reading for everyone interested in ethics and the conduct of HIV vaccine research.
This volume analyzes in considerable depth how fears, prejudices, social and moral values, and individual perceptions have affected and shaped the public, the personal, the professional, and the economic ways in which our society interacts with people suffering from HIV infections.
Book Synopsis Public And Professional Attitudes Toward Aids Patients by : David E. Rogers
Download or read book Public And Professional Attitudes Toward Aids Patients written by David E. Rogers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyzes in considerable depth how fears, prejudices, social and moral values, and individual perceptions have affected and shaped the public, the personal, the professional, and the economic ways in which our society interacts with people suffering from HIV infections.
Download or read book The AIDS Dilemma written by Mālik Badrī and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ethics & AIDS in Africa by : A. A. Van Niekerk
Download or read book Ethics & AIDS in Africa written by A. A. Van Niekerk and published by New Africa Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don: American Embassy 2 copies.
"Cameron brings us closer to understanding the complex emotions and fragmented, sometimes self-serving decision making of the victims of this twentieth-century plague, and teaches us that in helping them to tell their stories we may help prevent others from being infected. . . . It is clear throughout this remarkable work by an interviewer new to the practice of oral history that her questions helped her subjects think their way through their own problems. Living With Aids can be a guidebook and a source of strength for AIDS victims because of Cameron′s use of what she calls "ethical listening and what experienced oral history practitioners often refer to as "non- judgmental" or "empathic" interviewing techniques." --Oral History Review "The author′s skillful eliciting and selection of these simple and direct expressions of the human conflicts arising from this epidemic will be thought-provoking for people who want to understand it better, whether they are familiar with the issues or not and whether they are health care workers, ethicists or lay people." --Journal of Medical Ethics "This two-hundred page paperback provides a fascinating portrait of some of the many questions, concerns and problems with face those with chronic HIV infection and AIDS. . . . The book is fascinating and eminently readable for its account of life for those with HIV infection AIDS. It will be useful for researchers, social scientists, health care workers and, probably above all, people whose lives are in some way affected by HIV." --Medical Sociology News "This is an excellent book for practicing nurses and nursing students because it invites the reader to be part of each PWAs personal life. It moves the reader far beyond a technical, intellectual approach to AIDS. One is aware of the very human dilemmas facing each of the persons interviewed. . . .It is, in fact, a book for all who are concerned about the world today. For this is a book about the people who are being decimated by the plague of the 1990s. For ′they′ are we." --Journal of Professional Nursing "Cameron describes with sensitivity the struggle of patients with the meaning of life and the search for a good life in the face of death. Because of the fundamental nature of the questions, the author′s descriptive ethics are not only interesting for people dealing with AIDS. The book illustrates the need all chronically-ill people have for emotional support, understanding, and communication." --Religious Studies Review "[Cameron′s book] contributes to the study of descriptive microethics and to nurses′ increasing involvement in studying ethics. She defines ethical questions broadly and covers a variety of ethical and existential questions that people with serious chronic or lethal disease face as they try to manage their lives. . . . [This volume] is a novel addition to the emerging literature in ethics in nursing." --Contemporary Sociology "In a fascinating new book by Miriam E. Cameron, Living With AIDS: Experiencing ethical problems, persons with AIDS discuss a relatively unexplored aspect of their lives. . . . This book is recommended for providers of health and other support services to PWAs (and persons significant to them) and to anyone who wants to better understand the moral dimensions of the AIDS epidemic. It uniquely describes what it is like for persons with AIDS to face ethical conflicts and the choices and decisions they make." --Ethics News "Living With AIDS presents with astonishing clarity ethical dilemmas faced by the socially disadvantaged with AIDS. Their accounts, compared with accounts from the socially advantaged, highlight the universal seriousness with which patients seek to live life and resolve its inherent ′ethical′ dilemmas. Patient accounts also highlight the magnitude and spectrum of ethical dilemmas faced by an increasingly diverse AIDS population. Presented and interpreted from the perspective of several ethical theories, patient accounts will enable health professionals to appreciate stages of life and provide adequate counsel to patients with different backgrounds who are searching for ′the right thing to do." --Nancy C. Lovejoy, D.N.S., R.N., Teachers College, Columbia University Persons with AIDS experience particularly difficult ethical problems because AIDS is life threatening, communicable, chronic, and stigmatizing. And even though ethicists and clinicians have written extensively about ethical problems related to AIDS, scholarly literature lacks research on the actual lived experiences of those facing such problems. Living With AIDS presents real-life problems and solutions as told by actual people living with AIDS, in their own words, and authentically illustrates their moral difficulties and resolutions revolving around such issues as relationships, sexuality, personhood, chronic illness, death, and discrimination. Their stories show how living with AIDS and its accompanying difficulties can lead to ethical living and creative problem solving on an individual level--as well as institutional, professional, and societal levels. Living With AIDS will appeal to health professionals who wish to better understand the experiences of PWAs, to see their connection with HIV-infected persons, and to be more knowledgeable and effective advocates. This illustrative volume will also be of immense value for instructors teaching courses in AIDS, health, and ethics.
Book Synopsis Living with AIDS by : Miriam Cameron
Download or read book Living with AIDS written by Miriam Cameron and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1993-08-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cameron brings us closer to understanding the complex emotions and fragmented, sometimes self-serving decision making of the victims of this twentieth-century plague, and teaches us that in helping them to tell their stories we may help prevent others from being infected. . . . It is clear throughout this remarkable work by an interviewer new to the practice of oral history that her questions helped her subjects think their way through their own problems. Living With Aids can be a guidebook and a source of strength for AIDS victims because of Cameron′s use of what she calls "ethical listening and what experienced oral history practitioners often refer to as "non- judgmental" or "empathic" interviewing techniques." --Oral History Review "The author′s skillful eliciting and selection of these simple and direct expressions of the human conflicts arising from this epidemic will be thought-provoking for people who want to understand it better, whether they are familiar with the issues or not and whether they are health care workers, ethicists or lay people." --Journal of Medical Ethics "This two-hundred page paperback provides a fascinating portrait of some of the many questions, concerns and problems with face those with chronic HIV infection and AIDS. . . . The book is fascinating and eminently readable for its account of life for those with HIV infection AIDS. It will be useful for researchers, social scientists, health care workers and, probably above all, people whose lives are in some way affected by HIV." --Medical Sociology News "This is an excellent book for practicing nurses and nursing students because it invites the reader to be part of each PWAs personal life. It moves the reader far beyond a technical, intellectual approach to AIDS. One is aware of the very human dilemmas facing each of the persons interviewed. . . .It is, in fact, a book for all who are concerned about the world today. For this is a book about the people who are being decimated by the plague of the 1990s. For ′they′ are we." --Journal of Professional Nursing "Cameron describes with sensitivity the struggle of patients with the meaning of life and the search for a good life in the face of death. Because of the fundamental nature of the questions, the author′s descriptive ethics are not only interesting for people dealing with AIDS. The book illustrates the need all chronically-ill people have for emotional support, understanding, and communication." --Religious Studies Review "[Cameron′s book] contributes to the study of descriptive microethics and to nurses′ increasing involvement in studying ethics. She defines ethical questions broadly and covers a variety of ethical and existential questions that people with serious chronic or lethal disease face as they try to manage their lives. . . . [This volume] is a novel addition to the emerging literature in ethics in nursing." --Contemporary Sociology "In a fascinating new book by Miriam E. Cameron, Living With AIDS: Experiencing ethical problems, persons with AIDS discuss a relatively unexplored aspect of their lives. . . . This book is recommended for providers of health and other support services to PWAs (and persons significant to them) and to anyone who wants to better understand the moral dimensions of the AIDS epidemic. It uniquely describes what it is like for persons with AIDS to face ethical conflicts and the choices and decisions they make." --Ethics News "Living With AIDS presents with astonishing clarity ethical dilemmas faced by the socially disadvantaged with AIDS. Their accounts, compared with accounts from the socially advantaged, highlight the universal seriousness with which patients seek to live life and resolve its inherent ′ethical′ dilemmas. Patient accounts also highlight the magnitude and spectrum of ethical dilemmas faced by an increasingly diverse AIDS population. Presented and interpreted from the perspective of several ethical theories, patient accounts will enable health professionals to appreciate stages of life and provide adequate counsel to patients with different backgrounds who are searching for ′the right thing to do." --Nancy C. Lovejoy, D.N.S., R.N., Teachers College, Columbia University Persons with AIDS experience particularly difficult ethical problems because AIDS is life threatening, communicable, chronic, and stigmatizing. And even though ethicists and clinicians have written extensively about ethical problems related to AIDS, scholarly literature lacks research on the actual lived experiences of those facing such problems. Living With AIDS presents real-life problems and solutions as told by actual people living with AIDS, in their own words, and authentically illustrates their moral difficulties and resolutions revolving around such issues as relationships, sexuality, personhood, chronic illness, death, and discrimination. Their stories show how living with AIDS and its accompanying difficulties can lead to ethical living and creative problem solving on an individual level--as well as institutional, professional, and societal levels. Living With AIDS will appeal to health professionals who wish to better understand the experiences of PWAs, to see their connection with HIV-infected persons, and to be more knowledgeable and effective advocates. This illustrative volume will also be of immense value for instructors teaching courses in AIDS, health, and ethics.
HIV/AIDS is a catastrophe globally but nowhere more so than in sub-Saharan Africa, which in 2008 accounted for 67 percent of cases worldwide and 91 percent of new infections. The Institute of Medicine recommends that the United States and African nations move toward a strategy of shared responsibility such that these nations are empowered to take ownership of their HIV/AIDS problem and work to solve it.
Book Synopsis Preparing for the Future of HIV/AIDS in Africa by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Preparing for the Future of HIV/AIDS in Africa written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV/AIDS is a catastrophe globally but nowhere more so than in sub-Saharan Africa, which in 2008 accounted for 67 percent of cases worldwide and 91 percent of new infections. The Institute of Medicine recommends that the United States and African nations move toward a strategy of shared responsibility such that these nations are empowered to take ownership of their HIV/AIDS problem and work to solve it.
