Human Insulin

Human Insulin

Author: D.R. Owens

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 9400941617

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Since insulin became available for the treatment of diabetes in 1922 a number of major advances have been made, which include the modification of insulin to vary its timing of action, its purification, and latterly, the production of human insulin. Human insulin in quantities sufficiently large for therapy has been made available by two techniques developed in parallel during the late 1970s. These involve either (i) formulation in E. coli bacteria suitably encoded by DNA recombinant methods of the A- and B-chains of human insulin followed by a chain combination reaction ('biosynthetic' human insulin) or (ii) enzymatic conversion (transpeptidation) of porcine insulin brought to react with a threonine ester by porcine trypsin in a mixture of water and organic solvents, yielding human insulin ('semi-synthetic' human insulin). This book includes the first clinical-pharmacological studies of each of the highly purified 'semi-synthetic' human insulin preparations: Actrapid ® HM; Monotard® HM; Protaphane® HM; Actraphane® HM; and Ultratard® HM (Novo Industri A/S, Copenhagen). The preliminary studies established their safety and efficacy relative to their porcine and bovine counterparts emphasising the relevance of species and formulation on the pharmacokinetics and biological responses to insulin. Additional investigations with human insulin demonstrated the influence of insulin concentration, site of administration, the addition of aprotinin to insulin and the mixing of 'short-' and 'intermediate-acting' formulations on insulin 'bioavailability'. Examination of the 'within' and 'between' subject day-to-day variation in absorption and the effect of subcutaneous insulin also demonstrates the dominating influence of insulin responsiveness.


Book Synopsis Human Insulin by : D.R. Owens

Download or read book Human Insulin written by D.R. Owens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since insulin became available for the treatment of diabetes in 1922 a number of major advances have been made, which include the modification of insulin to vary its timing of action, its purification, and latterly, the production of human insulin. Human insulin in quantities sufficiently large for therapy has been made available by two techniques developed in parallel during the late 1970s. These involve either (i) formulation in E. coli bacteria suitably encoded by DNA recombinant methods of the A- and B-chains of human insulin followed by a chain combination reaction ('biosynthetic' human insulin) or (ii) enzymatic conversion (transpeptidation) of porcine insulin brought to react with a threonine ester by porcine trypsin in a mixture of water and organic solvents, yielding human insulin ('semi-synthetic' human insulin). This book includes the first clinical-pharmacological studies of each of the highly purified 'semi-synthetic' human insulin preparations: Actrapid ® HM; Monotard® HM; Protaphane® HM; Actraphane® HM; and Ultratard® HM (Novo Industri A/S, Copenhagen). The preliminary studies established their safety and efficacy relative to their porcine and bovine counterparts emphasising the relevance of species and formulation on the pharmacokinetics and biological responses to insulin. Additional investigations with human insulin demonstrated the influence of insulin concentration, site of administration, the addition of aprotinin to insulin and the mixing of 'short-' and 'intermediate-acting' formulations on insulin 'bioavailability'. Examination of the 'within' and 'between' subject day-to-day variation in absorption and the effect of subcutaneous insulin also demonstrates the dominating influence of insulin responsiveness.

The Discovery of Insulin

The Discovery of Insulin

Author: Michael Bliss

Publisher: University of Toronto Press

Published: 2017-06-22

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 1487516746

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The discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921-22 was one of the most dramatic events in the history of the treatment of disease. Insulin was a wonder-drug with ability to bring patients back from the very brink of death, and it was no surprise that in 1923 the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to its discoverers, the Canadian research team of Banting, Best, Collip, and Macleod. In this engaging and award-winning account, historian Michael Bliss recounts the fascinating story behind the discovery of insulin – a story as much filled with fiery confrontation and intense competition as medical dedication and scientific genius. Originally published in 1982 and updated in 1996, The Discovery of Insulin has won the City of Toronto Book Award, the Jason Hannah Medal of the Royal Society of Canada, and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Association for the History of Medicine.


Book Synopsis The Discovery of Insulin by : Michael Bliss

Download or read book The Discovery of Insulin written by Michael Bliss and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921-22 was one of the most dramatic events in the history of the treatment of disease. Insulin was a wonder-drug with ability to bring patients back from the very brink of death, and it was no surprise that in 1923 the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to its discoverers, the Canadian research team of Banting, Best, Collip, and Macleod. In this engaging and award-winning account, historian Michael Bliss recounts the fascinating story behind the discovery of insulin – a story as much filled with fiery confrontation and intense competition as medical dedication and scientific genius. Originally published in 1982 and updated in 1996, The Discovery of Insulin has won the City of Toronto Book Award, the Jason Hannah Medal of the Royal Society of Canada, and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Association for the History of Medicine.

Sources of Medical Technology

Sources of Medical Technology

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1995-01-01

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 0309176689

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Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.


Book Synopsis Sources of Medical Technology by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Sources of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.

Mechanisms of Insulin Action

Mechanisms of Insulin Action

Author: Alan R. Saltiel

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-10-05

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 0387722041

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More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.


Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Insulin Action by : Alan R. Saltiel

Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.

Insulin

Insulin

Author: Arthur Teuscher

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 97

ISBN-13: 3805583532

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In the early 1980s synthetic 'human' insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology came onto the market. Despite an acknowledgment by the manufacturers regarding the potential dangers of 'human' insulin they soon began to withdraw bovine and porcine insulin from markets all over the world, and promoted more expensive 'human' insulins as a superior replacement. Diabetics had no option but to effectively switch to the new synthetic insulins and often they received little or no information about their potentially life-threatening side effects. In the first part of this book the author provides fundamental information about insulin therapy and its history. A detailed discussion of the hazards confronting some diabetic patients when using 'human' insulin follows. Due to more pronounced hypoglycemia symptoms animal insulin can be regarded as safer than 'human' insulin for 10-20% of diabetic patients. The last part of this publication looks at the pharmaceutical industry's decision to withdraw animal insulin from the market and describes the struggles of a new global movement to secure its continued availability. This book not only provides potentially vital background information for those who depend on insulin, but also deserves the attention of professionals who prescribe or distribute this medication. It can also serve as a reference for patient advocates, relevant government departments and pharmaceutical companies.


Book Synopsis Insulin by : Arthur Teuscher

Download or read book Insulin written by Arthur Teuscher and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s synthetic 'human' insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology came onto the market. Despite an acknowledgment by the manufacturers regarding the potential dangers of 'human' insulin they soon began to withdraw bovine and porcine insulin from markets all over the world, and promoted more expensive 'human' insulins as a superior replacement. Diabetics had no option but to effectively switch to the new synthetic insulins and often they received little or no information about their potentially life-threatening side effects. In the first part of this book the author provides fundamental information about insulin therapy and its history. A detailed discussion of the hazards confronting some diabetic patients when using 'human' insulin follows. Due to more pronounced hypoglycemia symptoms animal insulin can be regarded as safer than 'human' insulin for 10-20% of diabetic patients. The last part of this publication looks at the pharmaceutical industry's decision to withdraw animal insulin from the market and describes the struggles of a new global movement to secure its continued availability. This book not only provides potentially vital background information for those who depend on insulin, but also deserves the attention of professionals who prescribe or distribute this medication. It can also serve as a reference for patient advocates, relevant government departments and pharmaceutical companies.

Invisible Frontiers

Invisible Frontiers

Author: Stephen S. Hall

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780195151596

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Author Stephen Hall weaves together the scientific, social and political threads of this story - the fierce rivalry between labs, the fateful clash of egos within labs, the invasion of academia by commerce, the public fears about genetic engineering, the threat of government regulation, and the ultimate triumph of modern biology - to give us an outstanding tale of scientific research."--BOOK JACKET.


Book Synopsis Invisible Frontiers by : Stephen S. Hall

Download or read book Invisible Frontiers written by Stephen S. Hall and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author Stephen Hall weaves together the scientific, social and political threads of this story - the fierce rivalry between labs, the fateful clash of egos within labs, the invasion of academia by commerce, the public fears about genetic engineering, the threat of government regulation, and the ultimate triumph of modern biology - to give us an outstanding tale of scientific research."--BOOK JACKET.

Galenics of Insulin

Galenics of Insulin

Author: Jens Brange

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13: 3662025264

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Galenical pharmacy or galenics is the science dealing with the pro duction of drug substances from raw materials, the purity of such substances, their formulation into pharmaceutical preparations with the desired effects and safety in use, and the quality control, stability and storage of the preparations. The field has taken its name from the Greek physician Galen (131-201 A.D.), who had a profound influence on medicine for many centuries because he collected and systematized the medicinal knowledge of his time. The discovery of insulin is attributed to Banting and Best who, in 1921, prepared an extract of the pancreas of the fetal calf and showed that the extract was capable of reducing the blood sugar level of a diabetic dog. This outstanding discovery gave rise to the rapid develop ment of the manufacture of insulin of bovine and porcine origin. By 1925, two Danish manufacturers of insulin preparations were established; both have since been in the forefront ofthe development of insulin preparations, the latest achievement being the marketing of human insulin by Novo in 1982. The development of highly purified human insulin produced semisynthetically from porcine insulin or by DNA recombinant methods are significant contributions to safe and efficient insulin therapy. Insulin is a protein which is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.


Book Synopsis Galenics of Insulin by : Jens Brange

Download or read book Galenics of Insulin written by Jens Brange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galenical pharmacy or galenics is the science dealing with the pro duction of drug substances from raw materials, the purity of such substances, their formulation into pharmaceutical preparations with the desired effects and safety in use, and the quality control, stability and storage of the preparations. The field has taken its name from the Greek physician Galen (131-201 A.D.), who had a profound influence on medicine for many centuries because he collected and systematized the medicinal knowledge of his time. The discovery of insulin is attributed to Banting and Best who, in 1921, prepared an extract of the pancreas of the fetal calf and showed that the extract was capable of reducing the blood sugar level of a diabetic dog. This outstanding discovery gave rise to the rapid develop ment of the manufacture of insulin of bovine and porcine origin. By 1925, two Danish manufacturers of insulin preparations were established; both have since been in the forefront ofthe development of insulin preparations, the latest achievement being the marketing of human insulin by Novo in 1982. The development of highly purified human insulin produced semisynthetically from porcine insulin or by DNA recombinant methods are significant contributions to safe and efficient insulin therapy. Insulin is a protein which is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Cecilia C. Low Wang

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Published: 2016-11-15

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 1580406777

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Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is a complex disorder that requires a great deal of patient-guided self-care. In recent years, advances in diabetes treatment have dramatically shifted potential outcomes in the favor of the patient with diabetes. The challenge for health care professionals is to realize this potential through an individualized, flexible, and responsive treatment plan for patients with type 1 diabetes. Now in its seventh edition, Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes offers health care providers the newest information and guidelines for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Built on the foundation of multiple daily insulin injections and insulin pump therapy, this book guides health care providers in helping their patients continually strive for optimal blood glucose control. This new edition focuses on the latest molecular advances, new treatment methods, recent clinical trials, and the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care. Key topics also include new insulins and administration protocols, advanced carbohydrate counting, and emphasis on continuing patient education. Individual sections address all of the topics in managing type 1 diabetes, including diagnosis and classification/pathogenesis, diabetes standards and education, tools of therapy, special situations, psychosocial factors affecting adherence, quality of life, and well-being and complications. Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes is an essential addition to any clinician's library for the treatment and understanding of type 1 diabetes.


Book Synopsis Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes by : Cecilia C. Low Wang

Download or read book Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes written by Cecilia C. Low Wang and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is a complex disorder that requires a great deal of patient-guided self-care. In recent years, advances in diabetes treatment have dramatically shifted potential outcomes in the favor of the patient with diabetes. The challenge for health care professionals is to realize this potential through an individualized, flexible, and responsive treatment plan for patients with type 1 diabetes. Now in its seventh edition, Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes offers health care providers the newest information and guidelines for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Built on the foundation of multiple daily insulin injections and insulin pump therapy, this book guides health care providers in helping their patients continually strive for optimal blood glucose control. This new edition focuses on the latest molecular advances, new treatment methods, recent clinical trials, and the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care. Key topics also include new insulins and administration protocols, advanced carbohydrate counting, and emphasis on continuing patient education. Individual sections address all of the topics in managing type 1 diabetes, including diagnosis and classification/pathogenesis, diabetes standards and education, tools of therapy, special situations, psychosocial factors affecting adherence, quality of life, and well-being and complications. Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes is an essential addition to any clinician's library for the treatment and understanding of type 1 diabetes.

Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals

Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals

Author: Charles D. Ciccone

Publisher: F.A. Davis

Published: 2013-03-21

Total Pages: 1217

ISBN-13: 0803640048

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A one-of-a-kind guide specifically for rehabilitation specialists! A leader in pharmacology and rehabilitation, Charles Ciccone, PT, PhD offers a concise, easy-to-access resource that delivers the drug information rehabilitation specialists need to know. Organized alphabetically by generic name, over 800 drug monographs offer the most up-to-date information on drug indications, therapeutic effects, potential adverse reactions, and much more! A list of implications for physical therapy at the end of each monograph helps you provide the best possible care for your patients. It’s the perfect companion to Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, 4th Edition!


Book Synopsis Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals by : Charles D. Ciccone

Download or read book Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals written by Charles D. Ciccone and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind guide specifically for rehabilitation specialists! A leader in pharmacology and rehabilitation, Charles Ciccone, PT, PhD offers a concise, easy-to-access resource that delivers the drug information rehabilitation specialists need to know. Organized alphabetically by generic name, over 800 drug monographs offer the most up-to-date information on drug indications, therapeutic effects, potential adverse reactions, and much more! A list of implications for physical therapy at the end of each monograph helps you provide the best possible care for your patients. It’s the perfect companion to Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, 4th Edition!

Ultimate Guide to Insulin

Ultimate Guide to Insulin

Author: Gaffar Zaman

Publisher:

Published: 2019-02-06

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 1789849217

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The book presents a qualitative and quantitative approach to understand, manage and enforce the integration of insulin into diabetes mellitus. Utilizing a sound theoretical and practical foundation and illustrating procedural techniques through scientific examples, the book bridges the gap between insulin and diabetes mellitus management. Detailed procedures have been omitted because of the variety of equipment and commercial kits used in today's clinical laboratories.


Book Synopsis Ultimate Guide to Insulin by : Gaffar Zaman

Download or read book Ultimate Guide to Insulin written by Gaffar Zaman and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a qualitative and quantitative approach to understand, manage and enforce the integration of insulin into diabetes mellitus. Utilizing a sound theoretical and practical foundation and illustrating procedural techniques through scientific examples, the book bridges the gap between insulin and diabetes mellitus management. Detailed procedures have been omitted because of the variety of equipment and commercial kits used in today's clinical laboratories.