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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D by : Susu M. Zughaier
Download or read book Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D written by Susu M. Zughaier and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Leukocyte culture conferences have a long pedigree. This volume records some of the scientific highlights of the 16th such annual con ference, and is a witness to the continuing evolution and popularity of leukocyte culture and of immunology. There is strong evidence of the widening horizons of immunology, both technically, with the obviously major impact of molecular biology into our understanding of cellular processes, and also conceptually. Traditionally, the 'proceedings' of these conferences have been published. But have the books produced really recorded the major part of the conference, the informal, friendly, but intense and some times heated exchanges that take place between workers in tackling very similar problems and systems and which are at the heart of every successful conference? Unfortunately this essence cannot be incorpo rated by soliciting manuscripts. For this reason, we have changed the format of publication, retaining published versions of the symposium papers, but requesting the workshop chairmen to produce a summary of the major new observations and areas of controversy highlighted in their sessions, as a vehicle for defining current areas of interest and debate. Not an easy task, as the workshop topics were culled from the abstracts submitted by the participants, rather than being on predefined topics. The unseasonal warmth in Cambridge was reflected in the atmos phere of the conference, the organization of which benefited from the administrative skills of Jean Bacon, Philippa Wells, Mr. Peter Irving, and Mrs.
Book Synopsis Immune Regulation by : Marc Feldmann
Download or read book Immune Regulation written by Marc Feldmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leukocyte culture conferences have a long pedigree. This volume records some of the scientific highlights of the 16th such annual con ference, and is a witness to the continuing evolution and popularity of leukocyte culture and of immunology. There is strong evidence of the widening horizons of immunology, both technically, with the obviously major impact of molecular biology into our understanding of cellular processes, and also conceptually. Traditionally, the 'proceedings' of these conferences have been published. But have the books produced really recorded the major part of the conference, the informal, friendly, but intense and some times heated exchanges that take place between workers in tackling very similar problems and systems and which are at the heart of every successful conference? Unfortunately this essence cannot be incorpo rated by soliciting manuscripts. For this reason, we have changed the format of publication, retaining published versions of the symposium papers, but requesting the workshop chairmen to produce a summary of the major new observations and areas of controversy highlighted in their sessions, as a vehicle for defining current areas of interest and debate. Not an easy task, as the workshop topics were culled from the abstracts submitted by the participants, rather than being on predefined topics. The unseasonal warmth in Cambridge was reflected in the atmos phere of the conference, the organization of which benefited from the administrative skills of Jean Bacon, Philippa Wells, Mr. Peter Irving, and Mrs.
Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Ian S. Zagon
Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Ian S. Zagon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and HIV by : Saurabh Mehta
Download or read book Nutrition and HIV written by Saurabh Mehta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.
Nutrigenetics: Applying the Science of Personal Nutrition provides a fully referenced, readable guide to understanding the rationale and importance of nutrigenetic applications and explains why single nutrition recommendations will not fit everybody or even a majority of modern humans. This books explains how genetic variation shapes individual nutrition requirements and sensitivities, presents questions to ask about reported gene-nutrient interactions, and what needs to be done before putting nutrigenetic tests to practical use. This book blends key concepts from the fields of genetics, biochemistry, epidemiology, public health, and clinical medicine to give a rich perspective on the genetically diverse nutritional needs and sensitivities of individuals in health and disease. A steadily increasing number of people order genetic tests to find out what they should eat for better health, well being and performance, and an even greater number asks their healthcare providers about such tests. Most of the currently offered tests are not grounded in current knowledge, often absurdly so, but few professionals can explain why they are misguided. On the other hand, there are more evidence-supported genetic variants that can guide nutrition decisions, but again most healthcare providers know little about them, much less use them in their daily practice. There is a great need for a solidly evidence-based yet accessible book that explains the science of nutrigenetics and provides the tools to evaluate new nutrigenetic tests. Comprehensive coverage of the emerging science of nutritional genetics and its promise for individually tailored nutrition guidance Presents practical examples to enhance comprehension and spur additional research Offers a logical progression from what nutrigenetics is, to its possibilities in enhancing health
Book Synopsis Nutrigenetics by : Martin Kohlmeier
Download or read book Nutrigenetics written by Martin Kohlmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrigenetics: Applying the Science of Personal Nutrition provides a fully referenced, readable guide to understanding the rationale and importance of nutrigenetic applications and explains why single nutrition recommendations will not fit everybody or even a majority of modern humans. This books explains how genetic variation shapes individual nutrition requirements and sensitivities, presents questions to ask about reported gene-nutrient interactions, and what needs to be done before putting nutrigenetic tests to practical use. This book blends key concepts from the fields of genetics, biochemistry, epidemiology, public health, and clinical medicine to give a rich perspective on the genetically diverse nutritional needs and sensitivities of individuals in health and disease. A steadily increasing number of people order genetic tests to find out what they should eat for better health, well being and performance, and an even greater number asks their healthcare providers about such tests. Most of the currently offered tests are not grounded in current knowledge, often absurdly so, but few professionals can explain why they are misguided. On the other hand, there are more evidence-supported genetic variants that can guide nutrition decisions, but again most healthcare providers know little about them, much less use them in their daily practice. There is a great need for a solidly evidence-based yet accessible book that explains the science of nutrigenetics and provides the tools to evaluate new nutrigenetic tests. Comprehensive coverage of the emerging science of nutritional genetics and its promise for individually tailored nutrition guidance Presents practical examples to enhance comprehension and spur additional research Offers a logical progression from what nutrigenetics is, to its possibilities in enhancing health
Active vitamin D ligand, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitaminD (1,25D), binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the ligand-activated complex further regulates transcription of various genes within the target cell. Thus, cells that express the VDR are vitamin D targets. VDR is expressed in immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells and B cells. Danger signals such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon (IFN)-gamma and activation of T and B cells have been shown to regulate the expression of the VDR, implicating its role in modulating immunity. VDR polymorphisms and vitamin D deficiency in humans have been associated with the increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and higher susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections. Identification of vitamin D targets in the immune system and modifying the host immune response through regulation of vitamin D levels is of great clinical significance. We utilized a novel transgenic reporter mouse to lineage trace immune cells that express the VDR. Our data show that both innate (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils) and adaptive (B and T cells) splenic immune cells expressed tdTomato. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 and 3 in lungs, small intestine, and colon expressed tdTomato while ILC2 cells did not. Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors and thymic T cell progenitors were predominately positive for tdTomato. Peripheral immune cells and their developmental progenitors are tdTomato+ and therefore targets of vitamin D. We sorted tdTomato+ and tdTomato- T cells and studied their response in vitro. Activated tdTomato- T cells did not become tdTomato+, the tdTomato- T cells proliferated faster and produced more IFN-gamma as compared to tdTomato+ T cells. Thus, tdTomato+ and tdTomato- T cells are functionally distinct. Due to the high expression of tdTomato noted in BM progenitors, we further wanted to investigate whether VDR+ and VDR progenitors can be detected earlier in development. tdTomato expression was found in the fetal liver and fetal thymus at embryonic (E) day E15.5. Maternal vitamin D deficiency affected the frequency of fetal hematopoietic progenitors and tdTomato expression, suggesting that the availability of maternal 25-hydroxyvitaminD is needed for fetal liver hematopoiesis and thymopoiesis. Vitamin D deficiency also affected the frequency of tdTomato+ T cells in the spleen and ILCs in the lungs of mice post-birth, highlighting that VDR+ lineage continues to develop after birth. VDR knockout (KO) embryos showed fewer hematopoietic progenitors, while VDR KO adult mice had more hematopoietic progenitors. The effects of vitamin D deficiency (D-) and oral supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) on the outcomes of H1N1 influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models was determined. D- mice experienced higher respiratory distress post H1N1 infection. Mice with deletion of Cyp27B1 gene and inability to produce 1,25D had decreased survival post H1N1 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the expression of vitamin D related genes in the lungs of infected mice. High dose vitamin D3 supplementation reduced lung inflammation in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vitamin D and vitamin D receptor play important roles in development and function of the immune system.
Book Synopsis Vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor Regulate Development and Function of the Immune System by : Juhi Arora
Download or read book Vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor Regulate Development and Function of the Immune System written by Juhi Arora and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active vitamin D ligand, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitaminD (1,25D), binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the ligand-activated complex further regulates transcription of various genes within the target cell. Thus, cells that express the VDR are vitamin D targets. VDR is expressed in immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells and B cells. Danger signals such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon (IFN)-gamma and activation of T and B cells have been shown to regulate the expression of the VDR, implicating its role in modulating immunity. VDR polymorphisms and vitamin D deficiency in humans have been associated with the increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and higher susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections. Identification of vitamin D targets in the immune system and modifying the host immune response through regulation of vitamin D levels is of great clinical significance. We utilized a novel transgenic reporter mouse to lineage trace immune cells that express the VDR. Our data show that both innate (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils) and adaptive (B and T cells) splenic immune cells expressed tdTomato. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 and 3 in lungs, small intestine, and colon expressed tdTomato while ILC2 cells did not. Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors and thymic T cell progenitors were predominately positive for tdTomato. Peripheral immune cells and their developmental progenitors are tdTomato+ and therefore targets of vitamin D. We sorted tdTomato+ and tdTomato- T cells and studied their response in vitro. Activated tdTomato- T cells did not become tdTomato+, the tdTomato- T cells proliferated faster and produced more IFN-gamma as compared to tdTomato+ T cells. Thus, tdTomato+ and tdTomato- T cells are functionally distinct. Due to the high expression of tdTomato noted in BM progenitors, we further wanted to investigate whether VDR+ and VDR progenitors can be detected earlier in development. tdTomato expression was found in the fetal liver and fetal thymus at embryonic (E) day E15.5. Maternal vitamin D deficiency affected the frequency of fetal hematopoietic progenitors and tdTomato expression, suggesting that the availability of maternal 25-hydroxyvitaminD is needed for fetal liver hematopoiesis and thymopoiesis. Vitamin D deficiency also affected the frequency of tdTomato+ T cells in the spleen and ILCs in the lungs of mice post-birth, highlighting that VDR+ lineage continues to develop after birth. VDR knockout (KO) embryos showed fewer hematopoietic progenitors, while VDR KO adult mice had more hematopoietic progenitors. The effects of vitamin D deficiency (D-) and oral supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) on the outcomes of H1N1 influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models was determined. D- mice experienced higher respiratory distress post H1N1 infection. Mice with deletion of Cyp27B1 gene and inability to produce 1,25D had decreased survival post H1N1 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the expression of vitamin D related genes in the lungs of infected mice. High dose vitamin D3 supplementation reduced lung inflammation in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vitamin D and vitamin D receptor play important roles in development and function of the immune system.
The Nutrition and Health series of books has as an overriding mission to provide health professionals with texts that are considered essential because each includes: a synthesis of the state of the science; timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; extensive, up-to-date fully annotated reference lists; a detailed index; relevant tables and figures; identification of paradigm shifts and the consequences; of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter refer virtually no overlap rals, suggestions of areas for future research; and balanced, data-driven answers to patient questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the findings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well as in the choice of chapter authors. The international perspective, especially with regard to public health initiatives, is emphasized where appropriate. The editors, whose training is both research and practice oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, define the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authori ties from around the world to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their own research, and relate the research de findings to potential human health consequences.
Book Synopsis Vitamin D by : Michael F. Holick
Download or read book Vitamin D written by Michael F. Holick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nutrition and Health series of books has as an overriding mission to provide health professionals with texts that are considered essential because each includes: a synthesis of the state of the science; timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; extensive, up-to-date fully annotated reference lists; a detailed index; relevant tables and figures; identification of paradigm shifts and the consequences; of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter refer virtually no overlap rals, suggestions of areas for future research; and balanced, data-driven answers to patient questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the findings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well as in the choice of chapter authors. The international perspective, especially with regard to public health initiatives, is emphasized where appropriate. The editors, whose training is both research and practice oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, define the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authori ties from around the world to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their own research, and relate the research de findings to potential human health consequences.
Book Synopsis A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D by : Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Download or read book A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D written by Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Because diseases of the bone are often less acute and less lifethreatening than dis eases of the circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, and the nervous system, they have received a disproportionately smaller amount of attention in the medical world. With the average increasing life span of man as a result of improve ments in modern medicine, espe~ially in the pediatric field, the seriousness of many metabolic bone diseases has indeed become more obvious. In addition, other improvements in medicine, such as hemodialysis for the preservation of renal failure patients, have permitted the development of other consequences of diseased kidneys, one of which is the appearance of renal osteodystrophy. Finally, the appearance of several genetic disorders in the area of metabolic bone disease has been underscored by the solution of other pediatric diseas~s of much more serious consequences. These emerging problems all suggest that much remains to be learned concerning the sys temic control of bone, both as a structural organ and as a reservoir for the important elements of calcium and phosphorus so essential for the support of life in complex multicellular organisms of which man is the most important. As will be demonstrated in the historical portion of this manuscript, the existence of the three most important humoral factors regulating bone metabolism and func tion are now known.
Book Synopsis Vitamin D by : H.F. DeLuca
Download or read book Vitamin D written by H.F. DeLuca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because diseases of the bone are often less acute and less lifethreatening than dis eases of the circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, and the nervous system, they have received a disproportionately smaller amount of attention in the medical world. With the average increasing life span of man as a result of improve ments in modern medicine, espe~ially in the pediatric field, the seriousness of many metabolic bone diseases has indeed become more obvious. In addition, other improvements in medicine, such as hemodialysis for the preservation of renal failure patients, have permitted the development of other consequences of diseased kidneys, one of which is the appearance of renal osteodystrophy. Finally, the appearance of several genetic disorders in the area of metabolic bone disease has been underscored by the solution of other pediatric diseas~s of much more serious consequences. These emerging problems all suggest that much remains to be learned concerning the sys temic control of bone, both as a structural organ and as a reservoir for the important elements of calcium and phosphorus so essential for the support of life in complex multicellular organisms of which man is the most important. As will be demonstrated in the historical portion of this manuscript, the existence of the three most important humoral factors regulating bone metabolism and func tion are now known.
“Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health by : Kitty Verhoeckx
Download or read book The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health written by Kitty Verhoeckx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.
