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With the Spanish entrada into the arid Southwest came the seeds of a commerce that would germinate and grow into a menace to be felt for over 300 years-- the trade in Indian slaves and captives. Unable to control and Christianize the less sedentary tribes, such as the Apaches, Utes, Paiutes, and Navajos, the early Spanish settlers sought instead to subjugate them by a systematic program of bondage. Into the mines of northern Mexico and to the estates of the landed gentry of New Mexico went thousands of Indians, to spend their lives in hopeless toil. With inevitable vengeance the Indians turned against the newcomers. For five hundred miles into Mexico, Apaches and Comanche warriors cut a path of destruction. In New Mexico the Navajos stubbornly fought against Spanish encroachment; and successfully restricted the course of westward expansion and, with the advent of the reciprocal trade in captives and slaves-- both Red and White-- came seemingly endless decades of frontier warfare and political turmoil, which did not cease until long after the appearance of the Anglo-Americans. From the National Archives, various historical repositories, both in the United States and Mexico, documented evidence bearing directly upon the source of the slave traffic is here brought together in book form. Here for the first time we have a clear picture of the effects of this nefarious commerce, which plagued the American West, and caused centuries of tribal warfare -- Book jacket.
Book Synopsis Indian Slave Trade in the Southwest by : Lynn Robison Bailey
Download or read book Indian Slave Trade in the Southwest written by Lynn Robison Bailey and published by Los Angeles : Westernlore Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the Spanish entrada into the arid Southwest came the seeds of a commerce that would germinate and grow into a menace to be felt for over 300 years-- the trade in Indian slaves and captives. Unable to control and Christianize the less sedentary tribes, such as the Apaches, Utes, Paiutes, and Navajos, the early Spanish settlers sought instead to subjugate them by a systematic program of bondage. Into the mines of northern Mexico and to the estates of the landed gentry of New Mexico went thousands of Indians, to spend their lives in hopeless toil. With inevitable vengeance the Indians turned against the newcomers. For five hundred miles into Mexico, Apaches and Comanche warriors cut a path of destruction. In New Mexico the Navajos stubbornly fought against Spanish encroachment; and successfully restricted the course of westward expansion and, with the advent of the reciprocal trade in captives and slaves-- both Red and White-- came seemingly endless decades of frontier warfare and political turmoil, which did not cease until long after the appearance of the Anglo-Americans. From the National Archives, various historical repositories, both in the United States and Mexico, documented evidence bearing directly upon the source of the slave traffic is here brought together in book form. Here for the first time we have a clear picture of the effects of this nefarious commerce, which plagued the American West, and caused centuries of tribal warfare -- Book jacket.
Documents the enslavement of Native Americans in the Southwest by the Spanish, and later the Americans.
Book Synopsis Gone the Way of the Earth by : Clifford Walker
Download or read book Gone the Way of the Earth written by Clifford Walker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the enslavement of Native Americans in the Southwest by the Spanish, and later the Americans.
This prize-winning book is the first ever to focus on the traffic in Indian slaves in the American South. For decades the Indian slave trade linked southern lives and created a whirlwind of violence and profit-making. Alan Gallay documents in vivid detail the operation of the slave trade, the processes by which Europeans and Native Americans became participants in it, and the profound consequences it had for the South and its peoples.
Book Synopsis The Indian Slave Trade by : Alan Gallay
Download or read book The Indian Slave Trade written by Alan Gallay and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This prize-winning book is the first ever to focus on the traffic in Indian slaves in the American South. For decades the Indian slave trade linked southern lives and created a whirlwind of violence and profit-making. Alan Gallay documents in vivid detail the operation of the slave trade, the processes by which Europeans and Native Americans became participants in it, and the profound consequences it had for the South and its peoples.
European enslavement of American Indians began with Christopher Columbus?s arrival in the New World. The slave trade expanded with European colonies, and though African slave labor filled many needs, huge numbers of America?s indigenous peoples continued to be captured and forced to work as slaves. Although central to the process of colony-building in what became the United States, this phenomena has received scant attention from historians. ø Indian Slavery in Colonial America, edited by Alan Gallay, examines the complicated dynamics of Indian enslavement. How and why Indians became both slaves of the Europeans and suppliers of slavery?s victims is the subject of this book. The essays in this collection use Indian slavery as a lens through which to explore both Indian and European societies and their interactions, as well as relations between and among Native groups.
Book Synopsis Indian Slavery in Colonial America by : Alan Gallay
Download or read book Indian Slavery in Colonial America written by Alan Gallay and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European enslavement of American Indians began with Christopher Columbus?s arrival in the New World. The slave trade expanded with European colonies, and though African slave labor filled many needs, huge numbers of America?s indigenous peoples continued to be captured and forced to work as slaves. Although central to the process of colony-building in what became the United States, this phenomena has received scant attention from historians. ø Indian Slavery in Colonial America, edited by Alan Gallay, examines the complicated dynamics of Indian enslavement. How and why Indians became both slaves of the Europeans and suppliers of slavery?s victims is the subject of this book. The essays in this collection use Indian slavery as a lens through which to explore both Indian and European societies and their interactions, as well as relations between and among Native groups.
This sweeping, richly evocative study examines the origins and legacies of a flourishing captive exchange economy within and among native American and Euramerican communities throughout the Southwest Borderlands from the Spanish colonial era to the end of the nineteenth century. Indigenous and colonial traditions of capture, servitude, and kinship met and meshed in the borderlands, forming a "slave system" in which victims symbolized social wealth, performed services for their masters, and produced material goods under the threat of violence. Slave and livestock raiding and trading among Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, Utes, and Spaniards provided labor resources, redistributed wealth, and fostered kin connections that integrated disparate and antagonistic groups even as these practices renewed cycles of violence and warfare. Always attentive to the corrosive effects of the "slave trade" on Indian and colonial societies, the book also explores slavery's centrality in intercultural trade, alliances, and "communities of interest" among groups often antagonistic to Spanish, Mexican, and American modernizing strategies. The extension of the moral and military campaigns of the American Civil War to the Southwest in a regional "war against slavery" brought differing forms of social stability but cost local communities much of their economic vitality and cultural flexibility.
Book Synopsis Captives and Cousins by : James F. Brooks
Download or read book Captives and Cousins written by James F. Brooks and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sweeping, richly evocative study examines the origins and legacies of a flourishing captive exchange economy within and among native American and Euramerican communities throughout the Southwest Borderlands from the Spanish colonial era to the end of the nineteenth century. Indigenous and colonial traditions of capture, servitude, and kinship met and meshed in the borderlands, forming a "slave system" in which victims symbolized social wealth, performed services for their masters, and produced material goods under the threat of violence. Slave and livestock raiding and trading among Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Navajos, Utes, and Spaniards provided labor resources, redistributed wealth, and fostered kin connections that integrated disparate and antagonistic groups even as these practices renewed cycles of violence and warfare. Always attentive to the corrosive effects of the "slave trade" on Indian and colonial societies, the book also explores slavery's centrality in intercultural trade, alliances, and "communities of interest" among groups often antagonistic to Spanish, Mexican, and American modernizing strategies. The extension of the moral and military campaigns of the American Civil War to the Southwest in a regional "war against slavery" brought differing forms of social stability but cost local communities much of their economic vitality and cultural flexibility.
NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST | WINNER OF THE BANCROFT PRIZE. A landmark history—the sweeping story of the enslavement of tens of thousands of Indians across America, from the time of the conquistadors up to the early twentieth century. Since the time of Columbus, Indian slavery was illegal in much of the American continent. Yet, as Andrés Reséndez illuminates in his myth-shattering The Other Slavery, it was practiced for centuries as an open secret. There was no abolitionist movement to protect the tens of thousands of Natives who were kidnapped and enslaved by the conquistadors. Reséndez builds the incisive case that it was mass slavery—more than epidemics—that decimated Indian populations across North America. Through riveting new evidence, including testimonies of courageous priests, rapacious merchants, and Indian captives, The Other Slavery reveals nothing less than a key missing piece of American history. For over two centuries we have fought over, abolished, and tried to come to grips with African American slavery. It is time for the West to confront an entirely separate, equally devastating enslavement we have long failed truly to see. “The Other Slavery is nothing short of an epic recalibration of American history, one that’s long overdue...In addition to his skills as a historian and an investigator, Résendez is a skilled storyteller with a truly remarkable subject. This is historical nonfiction at its most important and most necessary.” — Literary Hub, 20 Best Works of Nonfiction of the Decade ““One of the most profound contributions to North American history.”—Los Angeles Times
Book Synopsis The Other Slavery by : Andrés Reséndez
Download or read book The Other Slavery written by Andrés Reséndez and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST | WINNER OF THE BANCROFT PRIZE. A landmark history—the sweeping story of the enslavement of tens of thousands of Indians across America, from the time of the conquistadors up to the early twentieth century. Since the time of Columbus, Indian slavery was illegal in much of the American continent. Yet, as Andrés Reséndez illuminates in his myth-shattering The Other Slavery, it was practiced for centuries as an open secret. There was no abolitionist movement to protect the tens of thousands of Natives who were kidnapped and enslaved by the conquistadors. Reséndez builds the incisive case that it was mass slavery—more than epidemics—that decimated Indian populations across North America. Through riveting new evidence, including testimonies of courageous priests, rapacious merchants, and Indian captives, The Other Slavery reveals nothing less than a key missing piece of American history. For over two centuries we have fought over, abolished, and tried to come to grips with African American slavery. It is time for the West to confront an entirely separate, equally devastating enslavement we have long failed truly to see. “The Other Slavery is nothing short of an epic recalibration of American history, one that’s long overdue...In addition to his skills as a historian and an investigator, Résendez is a skilled storyteller with a truly remarkable subject. This is historical nonfiction at its most important and most necessary.” — Literary Hub, 20 Best Works of Nonfiction of the Decade ““One of the most profound contributions to North American history.”—Los Angeles Times
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading "The carrying of Negroes among the Indians has all along been thought detrimental, as an intimacy ought to be avoided." - A passage from a 1751 South Carolina law It has often been said that the greatest invention of all time was the sail, which facilitated the internationalization of the globe and thus ushered in the modern era. Columbus' contact with the New World, alongside European maritime contact with the Far East, transformed human history, and in particular the history of Africa. It was the sail that linked the continents of Africa and America, and thus it was also the sail that facilitated the greatest involuntary human migration of all time. The African slave trade is a complex and deeply divisive subject that has had a tendency to evolve according the political requirements of any given age, and is often touchable only with the correct distribution of culpability. It has for many years, therefore, been deemed singularly unpalatable to implicate Africans themselves in the perpetration of the institution, and only in recent years has the large-scale African involvement in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean Slave Trades come to be an accepted fact. There can, however, be no doubt that even though large numbers of indigenous Africans were liable, it was European ingenuity and greed that fundamentally drove the industrialization of the Transatlantic slave trade in response to massive new market demands created by their equally ruthless exploitation of the Americas. What far less people are familiar with are the other forms of slavery in America, and the victims who were enslaved. Sizable numbers of Native Americans were enslaved, with some of them working alongside African slaves in the fields and others shipped off to the sugar islands. The total number of natives enslaved over the whole colonial period for both American continents is estimated at somewhere between 2.4 and 4.9 million, while estimates for North America north of Mexico are 141,000 to 340,000. These estimates do not seem to include slaves held by the native peoples themselves, nor do they include the serf-like status still a bit short of slavery that was imposed on millions of others. Prior to the European colonization of what is now the United States, native groups themselves took captives. Men were often killed, and children were incorporated into their captors' tribe, but there were hundreds of tribal peoples and many variants on the fate of captives. In the Pacific Northwest, slaves were killed in rituals, including being ritually cannibalized. After the arrival of the Europeans, the number of captives increased, and their fates became intertwined with the colonists and their African slaves. In the Southwest, there was a slave trade in New Mexico and northern Mexico involving captives for use as domestic servants and sales to the silver mines in Mexico. The formidable Comanches were just another nomadic group until they were exposed to horses (probably from stock released during the Pueblo rebellion of 1680 in New Mexico). They formed a new culture and became an almost imperial force, which involved conducting raids for slaves. Afro-Tejano slaves in Spanish Texas had different social circumstances than slaves held in the later Texas Republic. In the Southeast, slave raiding and trading involved the colonies of the English, Spanish and French. Moreover, several thousand free African Americans owned slaves and slavery in the United States did not end with freeing slaves in the South in 1865. America's Forgotten Slaves: The History of Native American Slavery in the New World and the United States examines the different systems of slavery practiced across America. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about America's forgotten slaves like never before.
Book Synopsis America's Forgotten Slaves by : Charles River Editors
Download or read book America's Forgotten Slaves written by Charles River Editors and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading "The carrying of Negroes among the Indians has all along been thought detrimental, as an intimacy ought to be avoided." - A passage from a 1751 South Carolina law It has often been said that the greatest invention of all time was the sail, which facilitated the internationalization of the globe and thus ushered in the modern era. Columbus' contact with the New World, alongside European maritime contact with the Far East, transformed human history, and in particular the history of Africa. It was the sail that linked the continents of Africa and America, and thus it was also the sail that facilitated the greatest involuntary human migration of all time. The African slave trade is a complex and deeply divisive subject that has had a tendency to evolve according the political requirements of any given age, and is often touchable only with the correct distribution of culpability. It has for many years, therefore, been deemed singularly unpalatable to implicate Africans themselves in the perpetration of the institution, and only in recent years has the large-scale African involvement in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean Slave Trades come to be an accepted fact. There can, however, be no doubt that even though large numbers of indigenous Africans were liable, it was European ingenuity and greed that fundamentally drove the industrialization of the Transatlantic slave trade in response to massive new market demands created by their equally ruthless exploitation of the Americas. What far less people are familiar with are the other forms of slavery in America, and the victims who were enslaved. Sizable numbers of Native Americans were enslaved, with some of them working alongside African slaves in the fields and others shipped off to the sugar islands. The total number of natives enslaved over the whole colonial period for both American continents is estimated at somewhere between 2.4 and 4.9 million, while estimates for North America north of Mexico are 141,000 to 340,000. These estimates do not seem to include slaves held by the native peoples themselves, nor do they include the serf-like status still a bit short of slavery that was imposed on millions of others. Prior to the European colonization of what is now the United States, native groups themselves took captives. Men were often killed, and children were incorporated into their captors' tribe, but there were hundreds of tribal peoples and many variants on the fate of captives. In the Pacific Northwest, slaves were killed in rituals, including being ritually cannibalized. After the arrival of the Europeans, the number of captives increased, and their fates became intertwined with the colonists and their African slaves. In the Southwest, there was a slave trade in New Mexico and northern Mexico involving captives for use as domestic servants and sales to the silver mines in Mexico. The formidable Comanches were just another nomadic group until they were exposed to horses (probably from stock released during the Pueblo rebellion of 1680 in New Mexico). They formed a new culture and became an almost imperial force, which involved conducting raids for slaves. Afro-Tejano slaves in Spanish Texas had different social circumstances than slaves held in the later Texas Republic. In the Southeast, slave raiding and trading involved the colonies of the English, Spanish and French. Moreover, several thousand free African Americans owned slaves and slavery in the United States did not end with freeing slaves in the South in 1865. America's Forgotten Slaves: The History of Native American Slavery in the New World and the United States examines the different systems of slavery practiced across America. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about America's forgotten slaves like never before.
Slavery existed in North America long before the first Africans arrived at Jamestown in 1619. For centuries, from the pre-Columbian era through the 1840s, Native Americans took prisoners of war and killed, adopted, or enslaved them. Christina Snyder's pathbreaking book takes a familiar setting for bondage, the American South, and places Native Americans at the center of her engrossing story. Indian warriors captured a wide range of enemies, including Africans, Europeans, and other Indians. Yet until the late eighteenth century, age and gender more than race affected the fate of captives. As economic and political crises mounted, however, Indians began to racialize slavery and target African Americans. Native people struggling to secure a separate space for themselves in America developed a shared language of race with white settlers. Although the Indians' captivity practices remained fluid long after their neighbors hardened racial lines, the Second Seminole War ultimately tore apart the inclusive communities that Native people had created through centuries of captivity. Snyder's rich and sweeping history of Indian slavery connects figures like Andrew Jackson and Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe with little-known captives like Antonia Bonnelli, a white teenager from Spanish Florida, and David George, a black runaway from Virginia. Placing the experiences of these individuals within a complex system of captivity and Indians' relations with other peoples, Snyder demonstrates the profound role of Native American history in the American past.
Book Synopsis Slavery in Indian Country by : Christina Snyder
Download or read book Slavery in Indian Country written by Christina Snyder and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slavery existed in North America long before the first Africans arrived at Jamestown in 1619. For centuries, from the pre-Columbian era through the 1840s, Native Americans took prisoners of war and killed, adopted, or enslaved them. Christina Snyder's pathbreaking book takes a familiar setting for bondage, the American South, and places Native Americans at the center of her engrossing story. Indian warriors captured a wide range of enemies, including Africans, Europeans, and other Indians. Yet until the late eighteenth century, age and gender more than race affected the fate of captives. As economic and political crises mounted, however, Indians began to racialize slavery and target African Americans. Native people struggling to secure a separate space for themselves in America developed a shared language of race with white settlers. Although the Indians' captivity practices remained fluid long after their neighbors hardened racial lines, the Second Seminole War ultimately tore apart the inclusive communities that Native people had created through centuries of captivity. Snyder's rich and sweeping history of Indian slavery connects figures like Andrew Jackson and Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe with little-known captives like Antonia Bonnelli, a white teenager from Spanish Florida, and David George, a black runaway from Virginia. Placing the experiences of these individuals within a complex system of captivity and Indians' relations with other peoples, Snyder demonstrates the profound role of Native American history in the American past.
During the two centuries following European contact, the world of late prehistoric Mississippian chiefdoms collapsed and Native communities there fragmented, migrated, coalesced, and reorganized into new and often quite different societies. The editors of this volume, Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, argue that such a period and region of instability and regrouping constituted a "shatter zone."
Book Synopsis Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone by : Robbie Franklyn Ethridge
Download or read book Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone written by Robbie Franklyn Ethridge and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the two centuries following European contact, the world of late prehistoric Mississippian chiefdoms collapsed and Native communities there fragmented, migrated, coalesced, and reorganized into new and often quite different societies. The editors of this volume, Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, argue that such a period and region of instability and regrouping constituted a "shatter zone."
A history of the enslavement of Native Americans by the Native Americans themselves, the Spanish, the French, and the English in North America during colonial times. It discusses the idea of slavery, the process of enslavement, employment of slaves, treatment of slaves, and other social and legal topics for each group.
Book Synopsis Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States by : Almon Wheeler Lauber
Download or read book Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States written by Almon Wheeler Lauber and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the enslavement of Native Americans by the Native Americans themselves, the Spanish, the French, and the English in North America during colonial times. It discusses the idea of slavery, the process of enslavement, employment of slaves, treatment of slaves, and other social and legal topics for each group.
