Inference on the Low Level

Inference on the Low Level

Author: Hannes Leitgeb

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-02

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 1402028067

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In contrast to the prevailing tradition in epistemology, the focus in this book is on low-level inferences, i.e., those inferences that we are usually not consciously aware of and that we share with the cat nearby which infers that the bird which she sees picking grains from the dirt, is able to fly. Presumably, such inferences are not generated by explicit logical reasoning, but logical methods can be used to describe and analyze such inferences. Part 1 gives a purely system-theoretic explication of belief and inference. Part 2 adds a reliabilist theory of justification for inference, with a qualitative notion of reliability being employed. Part 3 recalls and extends various systems of deductive and nonmonotonic logic and thereby explains the semantics of absolute and high reliability. In Part 4 it is proven that qualitative neural networks are able to draw justified deductive and nonmonotonic inferences on the basis of distributed representations. This is derived from a soundness/completeness theorem with regard to cognitive semantics of nonmonotonic reasoning. The appendix extends the theory both logically and ontologically, and relates it to A. Goldman's reliability account of justified belief.


Book Synopsis Inference on the Low Level by : Hannes Leitgeb

Download or read book Inference on the Low Level written by Hannes Leitgeb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to the prevailing tradition in epistemology, the focus in this book is on low-level inferences, i.e., those inferences that we are usually not consciously aware of and that we share with the cat nearby which infers that the bird which she sees picking grains from the dirt, is able to fly. Presumably, such inferences are not generated by explicit logical reasoning, but logical methods can be used to describe and analyze such inferences. Part 1 gives a purely system-theoretic explication of belief and inference. Part 2 adds a reliabilist theory of justification for inference, with a qualitative notion of reliability being employed. Part 3 recalls and extends various systems of deductive and nonmonotonic logic and thereby explains the semantics of absolute and high reliability. In Part 4 it is proven that qualitative neural networks are able to draw justified deductive and nonmonotonic inferences on the basis of distributed representations. This is derived from a soundness/completeness theorem with regard to cognitive semantics of nonmonotonic reasoning. The appendix extends the theory both logically and ontologically, and relates it to A. Goldman's reliability account of justified belief.


Inference on the Low Level

Inference on the Low Level

Author: Hannes Leitgeb

Publisher:

Published: 2014-01-15

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9789401570763

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Book Synopsis Inference on the Low Level by : Hannes Leitgeb

Download or read book Inference on the Low Level written by Hannes Leitgeb and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Inference and Consciousness

Inference and Consciousness

Author: Timothy Chan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-12-20

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1351366734

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Inference has long been a central concern in epistemology, as an essential means by which we extend our knowledge and test our beliefs. Inference is also a key notion in influential psychological accounts of mental capacities, ranging from problem-solving to perception. Consciousness, on the other hand, has arguably been the defining interest of philosophy of mind over recent decades. Comparatively little attention, however, has been devoted to the significance of consciousness for the proper understanding of the nature and role of inference. It is commonly suggested that inference may be either conscious or unconscious. Yet how unified are these various supposed instances of inference? Does either enjoy explanatory priority in relation to the other? In what way, or ways, can an inference be conscious, or fail to be conscious, and how does this matter? This book brings together original essays from established scholars and emerging theorists that showcase how several current debates in epistemology, philosophy of psychology and philosophy of mind can benefit from more reflections on these and related questions about the significance of consciousness for inference.


Book Synopsis Inference and Consciousness by : Timothy Chan

Download or read book Inference and Consciousness written by Timothy Chan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inference has long been a central concern in epistemology, as an essential means by which we extend our knowledge and test our beliefs. Inference is also a key notion in influential psychological accounts of mental capacities, ranging from problem-solving to perception. Consciousness, on the other hand, has arguably been the defining interest of philosophy of mind over recent decades. Comparatively little attention, however, has been devoted to the significance of consciousness for the proper understanding of the nature and role of inference. It is commonly suggested that inference may be either conscious or unconscious. Yet how unified are these various supposed instances of inference? Does either enjoy explanatory priority in relation to the other? In what way, or ways, can an inference be conscious, or fail to be conscious, and how does this matter? This book brings together original essays from established scholars and emerging theorists that showcase how several current debates in epistemology, philosophy of psychology and philosophy of mind can benefit from more reflections on these and related questions about the significance of consciousness for inference.


An Introduction to Human Physiology

An Introduction to Human Physiology

Author: Augustus Désiré Waller

Publisher:

Published: 1891

Total Pages: 662

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Human Physiology by : Augustus Désiré Waller

Download or read book An Introduction to Human Physiology written by Augustus Désiré Waller and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author: Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2018-06-04

Total Pages: 2351

ISBN-13: 1522556443

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Ongoing advancements in modern technology have led to significant developments in intelligent systems. With the numerous applications available, it becomes imperative to conduct research and make further progress in this field. Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications contains a compendium of the latest academic material on the latest breakthroughs and recent progress in intelligent systems. Including innovative studies on information retrieval, artificial intelligence, and software engineering, this multi-volume book is an ideal source for researchers, professionals, academics, upper-level students, and practitioners interested in emerging perspectives in the field of intelligent systems.


Book Synopsis Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 2351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ongoing advancements in modern technology have led to significant developments in intelligent systems. With the numerous applications available, it becomes imperative to conduct research and make further progress in this field. Intelligent Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications contains a compendium of the latest academic material on the latest breakthroughs and recent progress in intelligent systems. Including innovative studies on information retrieval, artificial intelligence, and software engineering, this multi-volume book is an ideal source for researchers, professionals, academics, upper-level students, and practitioners interested in emerging perspectives in the field of intelligent systems.


An Introduction to physiology

An Introduction to physiology

Author: Augustus Désiré Waller

Publisher:

Published: 1891

Total Pages: 656

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to physiology by : Augustus Désiré Waller

Download or read book An Introduction to physiology written by Augustus Désiré Waller and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


An Introduction to Human Physiology

An Introduction to Human Physiology

Author: Waller

Publisher:

Published: 1891

Total Pages: 656

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Human Physiology by : Waller

Download or read book An Introduction to Human Physiology written by Waller and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Design Thinking Research

Design Thinking Research

Author: Hasso Plattner

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-16

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 3319068237

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Design thinking as a user-centric innovation method has become more and more widespread during the past years. An increasing number of people and institutions have experienced its innovative power. While at the same time the demand has grown for a deep, evidence-based understanding of the way design thinking functions. This challenge is addressed by the Design Thinking Research Program between Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA and Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany. Summarizing the outcomes of the 5th program year, this book imparts the scientific findings gained by the researchers through their investigations, experiments and studies. The method of design thinking works when applied with diligence and insight. With this book and the underlying research projects, we aim to understand the innovation process of design thinking and the people behind it. The contributions ultimately center on the issue of building innovators. The focus of the investigation is on what people are doing and thinking when engaged in creative design innovation and how their innovation work can be supported. Therefore, within three topic areas, various frameworks, methodologies, mind sets, systems and tools are explored and further developed. The book begins with an assessment of crucial factors for innovators such as empathy and creativity, the second part addresses the improvement of team collaboration and finally we turn to specific tools and approaches which ensure information transfer during the design process. All in all, the contributions shed light and show deeper insights how to support the work of design teams in order to systematically and successfully develop innovations and design progressive solutions for tomorrow.


Book Synopsis Design Thinking Research by : Hasso Plattner

Download or read book Design Thinking Research written by Hasso Plattner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design thinking as a user-centric innovation method has become more and more widespread during the past years. An increasing number of people and institutions have experienced its innovative power. While at the same time the demand has grown for a deep, evidence-based understanding of the way design thinking functions. This challenge is addressed by the Design Thinking Research Program between Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA and Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany. Summarizing the outcomes of the 5th program year, this book imparts the scientific findings gained by the researchers through their investigations, experiments and studies. The method of design thinking works when applied with diligence and insight. With this book and the underlying research projects, we aim to understand the innovation process of design thinking and the people behind it. The contributions ultimately center on the issue of building innovators. The focus of the investigation is on what people are doing and thinking when engaged in creative design innovation and how their innovation work can be supported. Therefore, within three topic areas, various frameworks, methodologies, mind sets, systems and tools are explored and further developed. The book begins with an assessment of crucial factors for innovators such as empathy and creativity, the second part addresses the improvement of team collaboration and finally we turn to specific tools and approaches which ensure information transfer during the design process. All in all, the contributions shed light and show deeper insights how to support the work of design teams in order to systematically and successfully develop innovations and design progressive solutions for tomorrow.


Active Inference

Active Inference

Author: Christopher L. Buckley

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-03-21

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 3031287193

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This volume constitutes the papers of the 3rd International Workshop on Active Inference, IWAI 2022, held in Grenoble, France, in conjunction with ECML/PKDD, on September 19, 2022. The 25 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions.


Book Synopsis Active Inference by : Christopher L. Buckley

Download or read book Active Inference written by Christopher L. Buckley and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the papers of the 3rd International Workshop on Active Inference, IWAI 2022, held in Grenoble, France, in conjunction with ECML/PKDD, on September 19, 2022. The 25 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions.


Case Studies and Causal Inference

Case Studies and Causal Inference

Author: I. Rohlfing

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-09-26

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 1137271329

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A discussion of the case study method which develops an integrative framework for causal inference in small-n research. This framework is applied to research design tasks such as case selection and process tracing. The book presents the basics, state-of-the-art and arguments for improving the case study method and empirical small-n research.


Book Synopsis Case Studies and Causal Inference by : I. Rohlfing

Download or read book Case Studies and Causal Inference written by I. Rohlfing and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the case study method which develops an integrative framework for causal inference in small-n research. This framework is applied to research design tasks such as case selection and process tracing. The book presents the basics, state-of-the-art and arguments for improving the case study method and empirical small-n research.