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Inferences with Ignorance: Logics of Questions

Author: Peliš, Michal

Publisher: Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press

Published: 2017-03-01

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 8024631814

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Inferences with Ignorance focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of “direct answers,” demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication.

Book Synopsis Inferences with Ignorance: Logics of Questions by : Peliš, Michal

Download or read book Inferences with Ignorance: Logics of Questions written by Peliš, Michal and published by Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inferences with Ignorance focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of “direct answers,” demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication.

Inferences with Ignorance

Author: Michal Peliš

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 9788024631936

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"Focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of "direct answers," demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication."

Book Synopsis Inferences with Ignorance by : Michal Peliš

Download or read book Inferences with Ignorance written by Michal Peliš and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of "direct answers," demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication."

Asking and Answering

Author: Moritz Cordes

Publisher: Narr Francke Attempto Verlag

Published: 2021-12-10

Total Pages: 499

ISBN-13: 3823303058

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Questions are everywhere and the ubiquitous activities of asking and answering, as most human activities, are susceptible to failure - at least from time to time. This volume offers several current approaches to the systematic study of questions and the surrounding activities and works toward supporting and improving these activities. The contributors formulate general problems for a formal treatment of questions, investigate specific kinds of questions, compare different frameworks with regard to how they regulate the activities of asking and answering of questions, and situate these activities in a wider framework of cognitive/epistemic discourse. From the perspectives of logic, linguistics, epistemology, and philosophy of language emerges a report on the state of the art of the theory of questions.

Book Synopsis Asking and Answering by : Moritz Cordes

Download or read book Asking and Answering written by Moritz Cordes and published by Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions are everywhere and the ubiquitous activities of asking and answering, as most human activities, are susceptible to failure - at least from time to time. This volume offers several current approaches to the systematic study of questions and the surrounding activities and works toward supporting and improving these activities. The contributors formulate general problems for a formal treatment of questions, investigate specific kinds of questions, compare different frameworks with regard to how they regulate the activities of asking and answering of questions, and situate these activities in a wider framework of cognitive/epistemic discourse. From the perspectives of logic, linguistics, epistemology, and philosophy of language emerges a report on the state of the art of the theory of questions.

Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty

Author: Ellen Hisdal

Publisher: Physica

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 3790818879

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It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).

Book Synopsis Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty by : Ellen Hisdal

Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).

Logic, Language, and Mathematics

Author: Alexander Miller

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2020-03-19

Total Pages: 465

ISBN-13: 0199278342

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Crispin Wright is widely recognised as one of the most important and influential analytic philosophers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This volume is a collective exploration of the major themes of his work in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, and philosophy of mathematics. It comprises specially written chapters by a group of internationally renowned thinkers, as well as four substantial responses from Wright. In these thematically organized replies, Wright summarizes his life's work and responds to the contributory essays collected in this book. In bringing together such scholarship, the present volume testifies to both the enormous interest in Wright's thought and the continued relevance of Wright's seminal contributions in analytic philosophy for present-day debates;

Book Synopsis Logic, Language, and Mathematics by : Alexander Miller

Download or read book Logic, Language, and Mathematics written by Alexander Miller and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crispin Wright is widely recognised as one of the most important and influential analytic philosophers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This volume is a collective exploration of the major themes of his work in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, and philosophy of mathematics. It comprises specially written chapters by a group of internationally renowned thinkers, as well as four substantial responses from Wright. In these thematically organized replies, Wright summarizes his life's work and responds to the contributory essays collected in this book. In bringing together such scholarship, the present volume testifies to both the enormous interest in Wright's thought and the continued relevance of Wright's seminal contributions in analytic philosophy for present-day debates;

Games: Unifying Logic, Language, and Philosophy

Author: Ondrej Majer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-01-16

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13: 1402093748

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OndrejMajer,Ahti-VeikkoPietarinen,andTeroTulenheimo 1 Games and logic in philosophy Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the unifying methodo- gies over what have been perceived as pretty disparate logical ‘systems’, or else merely an assortment of formal and mathematical ‘approaches’ to phi- sophical inquiry. This development has largely been fueled by an increasing dissatisfaction to what has earlier been taken to be a straightforward outcome of ‘logical pluralism’ or ‘methodological diversity’. These phrases appear to re ect the everyday chaos of our academic pursuits rather than any genuine attempt to clarify the general principles underlying the miscellaneous ways in which logic appears to us. But the situation is changing. Unity among plurality is emerging in c- temporary studies in logical philosophy and neighbouring disciplines. This is a necessary follow-up to the intensive research into the intricacies of logical systems and methodologies performed over the recent years. The present book suggests one such peculiar but very unrestrained meth- ological perspective over the eld of logic and its applications in mathematics, language or computation: games. An allegory for opposition, cooperation and coordination, games are also concrete objects of formal study.

Book Synopsis Games: Unifying Logic, Language, and Philosophy by : Ondrej Majer

Download or read book Games: Unifying Logic, Language, and Philosophy written by Ondrej Majer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OndrejMajer,Ahti-VeikkoPietarinen,andTeroTulenheimo 1 Games and logic in philosophy Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the unifying methodo- gies over what have been perceived as pretty disparate logical ‘systems’, or else merely an assortment of formal and mathematical ‘approaches’ to phi- sophical inquiry. This development has largely been fueled by an increasing dissatisfaction to what has earlier been taken to be a straightforward outcome of ‘logical pluralism’ or ‘methodological diversity’. These phrases appear to re ect the everyday chaos of our academic pursuits rather than any genuine attempt to clarify the general principles underlying the miscellaneous ways in which logic appears to us. But the situation is changing. Unity among plurality is emerging in c- temporary studies in logical philosophy and neighbouring disciplines. This is a necessary follow-up to the intensive research into the intricacies of logical systems and methodologies performed over the recent years. The present book suggests one such peculiar but very unrestrained meth- ological perspective over the eld of logic and its applications in mathematics, language or computation: games. An allegory for opposition, cooperation and coordination, games are also concrete objects of formal study.

From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild

Author: Frans H. van Eemeren

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-10-23

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 3030283674

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This volume comprises a selection of contributions to the theorizing about argumentation that have been presented at the 9th conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation (ISSA), held in Amsterdam in July 2018. The chapters included provide a general theoretical perspective on central topics in argumentation theory, such as argument schemes and the fallacies. Some contributions concentrate on the treatment of the concept of conductive argument. Other contributions are dedicated to specific issues such as the justification of questions, the occurrence of mining relations, the role of exclamatives, argumentative abduction, eudaimonistic argumentation and a typology of logical ways to counter an argument. In a number of cases the theoretical problems addressed are related to a specific type of context, such as the burden of proof in philosophical argumentation, the charge of committing a genetic fallacy in strategic manoeuvring in philosophy, the necessity of community argument, and connection adequacy for arguments with institutional warrants. The volume offers a great deal of diversity in its breadth of coverage of argumentation theory and wide geographic representation from North and South America to Europe and China.

Book Synopsis From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild by : Frans H. van Eemeren

Download or read book From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild written by Frans H. van Eemeren and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises a selection of contributions to the theorizing about argumentation that have been presented at the 9th conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation (ISSA), held in Amsterdam in July 2018. The chapters included provide a general theoretical perspective on central topics in argumentation theory, such as argument schemes and the fallacies. Some contributions concentrate on the treatment of the concept of conductive argument. Other contributions are dedicated to specific issues such as the justification of questions, the occurrence of mining relations, the role of exclamatives, argumentative abduction, eudaimonistic argumentation and a typology of logical ways to counter an argument. In a number of cases the theoretical problems addressed are related to a specific type of context, such as the burden of proof in philosophical argumentation, the charge of committing a genetic fallacy in strategic manoeuvring in philosophy, the necessity of community argument, and connection adequacy for arguments with institutional warrants. The volume offers a great deal of diversity in its breadth of coverage of argumentation theory and wide geographic representation from North and South America to Europe and China.

Logic, Action and Cognition

Author: Eva Ejerhed

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 233

ISBN-13: 9401155240

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The present volume has its origin in a meeting of philosophers, linguists and cognitive scientists that was held at Umea University, Sweden, September 24-26, 1993. The meeting was organized by the Department of Philosophy in cooperation with the Department of Linguistics, and it was called UmLLI-93, the Umea Colloquium on Dynamic Approaches in Logic, Language and Information. The papers published here are considerably expanded and revised versions of talks presented by invited speakers at this colloquium. The papers included here fall into three broad categories. In the first part of the book, Action, we have collected papers that concern the formal theory of action, the logic of nonns, and the theory of rational decision. The papers in the second part, Belief Change, concern the theory of belief dynamics in the tradition of Alchourr6n, Gardenfors and Makinson. The third part, Cognition, concerns abstract questions about knowledge and truth as well'as more concrete questions about the usefuleness and tractability of various graphic representations of infonnation. An additional and important topic of the colloquium concerned logical approaches to natural language. For the sake of the thematic unity of this book, and its appearance in the series Trends in logic, the colloquium papers related to language are not included here, but some of these contributions will appear in the philosophical journal Theoria.

Book Synopsis Logic, Action and Cognition by : Eva Ejerhed

Download or read book Logic, Action and Cognition written by Eva Ejerhed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume has its origin in a meeting of philosophers, linguists and cognitive scientists that was held at Umea University, Sweden, September 24-26, 1993. The meeting was organized by the Department of Philosophy in cooperation with the Department of Linguistics, and it was called UmLLI-93, the Umea Colloquium on Dynamic Approaches in Logic, Language and Information. The papers published here are considerably expanded and revised versions of talks presented by invited speakers at this colloquium. The papers included here fall into three broad categories. In the first part of the book, Action, we have collected papers that concern the formal theory of action, the logic of nonns, and the theory of rational decision. The papers in the second part, Belief Change, concern the theory of belief dynamics in the tradition of Alchourr6n, Gardenfors and Makinson. The third part, Cognition, concerns abstract questions about knowledge and truth as well'as more concrete questions about the usefuleness and tractability of various graphic representations of infonnation. An additional and important topic of the colloquium concerned logical approaches to natural language. For the sake of the thematic unity of this book, and its appearance in the series Trends in logic, the colloquium papers related to language are not included here, but some of these contributions will appear in the philosophical journal Theoria.

Logic in Question

Author: Jean-Yves Béziau

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-01-11

Total Pages: 743

ISBN-13: 3030944522

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This contributed volume collects papers related to the Logic in Question workshop, which has taken place annually at Sorbonne University in Paris since 2011. Each year, the workshop brings together historians, philosophers, mathematicians, linguists, and computer scientists to explore questions related to the nature of logic and how it has developed over the years. As a result, chapter authors provide a thorough, interdisciplinary exploration of topics that have been studied in the workshop. Organized into three sections, the first part of the book focuses on historical questions related to logic, the second explores philosophical questions, and the third section is dedicated to mathematical discussions. Specific topics include: • logic and analogy• Chinese logic• nineteenth century British logic (in particular Boole and Lewis Carroll)• logical diagrams • the place and value of logic in Louis Couturat’s philosophical thinking• contributions of logical analysis for mathematics education• the exceptionality of logic• the logical expressive power of natural languages• the unification of mathematics via topos theory Logic in Question will appeal to pure logicians, historians of logic, philosophers, linguists, and other researchers interested in the history of logic, making this volume a unique and valuable contribution to the field.

Book Synopsis Logic in Question by : Jean-Yves Béziau

Download or read book Logic in Question written by Jean-Yves Béziau and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-11 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume collects papers related to the Logic in Question workshop, which has taken place annually at Sorbonne University in Paris since 2011. Each year, the workshop brings together historians, philosophers, mathematicians, linguists, and computer scientists to explore questions related to the nature of logic and how it has developed over the years. As a result, chapter authors provide a thorough, interdisciplinary exploration of topics that have been studied in the workshop. Organized into three sections, the first part of the book focuses on historical questions related to logic, the second explores philosophical questions, and the third section is dedicated to mathematical discussions. Specific topics include: • logic and analogy• Chinese logic• nineteenth century British logic (in particular Boole and Lewis Carroll)• logical diagrams • the place and value of logic in Louis Couturat’s philosophical thinking• contributions of logical analysis for mathematics education• the exceptionality of logic• the logical expressive power of natural languages• the unification of mathematics via topos theory Logic in Question will appeal to pure logicians, historians of logic, philosophers, linguists, and other researchers interested in the history of logic, making this volume a unique and valuable contribution to the field.