Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Author: Guo-Qiang Li

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-04-20

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1000855937

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Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures establishes the thermo insulation characteristics of intumescent coating under various fire and hydrothermal aging circumstances and shows how to predict the temperature elevation of steel structures protected with intumescent coatings in fires for avoiding structural damage. Introduced are the features and applications of intumescent coatings for protecting steel structures against fire. The constant effective thermal conductivity is defined and employed to simplify the quantification for the thermo-resistance of intumescent coatings. An experimental investigation into the hydrothermal aging effects on insulative properties of intumescent coatings is presented, as well as the influence of topcoat on insulation and aging of intumescent coatings. Also described is a practical method for calculating the temperature of the protected steel structures with intumescent coatings in order to evaluate the fire safety of a structure. The book is aimed at fire and structural engineers, as well as researchers and students concerned with the protection of steel structures.


Book Synopsis Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Guo-Qiang Li

Download or read book Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Guo-Qiang Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures establishes the thermo insulation characteristics of intumescent coating under various fire and hydrothermal aging circumstances and shows how to predict the temperature elevation of steel structures protected with intumescent coatings in fires for avoiding structural damage. Introduced are the features and applications of intumescent coatings for protecting steel structures against fire. The constant effective thermal conductivity is defined and employed to simplify the quantification for the thermo-resistance of intumescent coatings. An experimental investigation into the hydrothermal aging effects on insulative properties of intumescent coatings is presented, as well as the influence of topcoat on insulation and aging of intumescent coatings. Also described is a practical method for calculating the temperature of the protected steel structures with intumescent coatings in order to evaluate the fire safety of a structure. The book is aimed at fire and structural engineers, as well as researchers and students concerned with the protection of steel structures.

Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Author: Guo-Qiang Li

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781032263564

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This gives design guidance for engineers showing the prediction of the temperature elevation of intumescent coated steel structures in fire, changes to the state and thickness of the porous char, and aging of the organic ingredients as components are dissolved by moisture in the air, which affects the design life of the structure.


Book Synopsis Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Guo-Qiang Li

Download or read book Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Guo-Qiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This gives design guidance for engineers showing the prediction of the temperature elevation of intumescent coated steel structures in fire, changes to the state and thickness of the porous char, and aging of the organic ingredients as components are dissolved by moisture in the air, which affects the design life of the structure.

The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature

The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature

Author: Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13:

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Intumescent coating fire protection on steel structures is becoming widely popular in the UK and Europe. The current assessment for the fire protection performance method using the standard fire resistance tests is not accurate, owing to the reactive behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature. Moreover, the available intumescent coating temperature assessment method provided in the Eurocode for structural steel at elevated temperature does not incorporate the steel beam's behaviour and/or assessment for partial protection and/or damaged protection. The research work presented provides additional information. on the assessment of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperature. In the scope of the investigation on the thermal conductivity of intumescent coating, it was found that the computed average thermal conductivity was marginally sensitive to the density and emissivity at elevated temperature. However, the thermal conductivity was found to be reasonably sensitive to the differences in initial dft's (dry film thicknesses). In this research, a numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to mimic actual indicative test scenarios to predict and establish the temperature distribution and the structural fire resistance of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperatures. Intumescent coating actively shields when the charring process occurs when the surface temperature reaches approximately 250°C to 350°C. Maximum deflection and deflection failure times for each damage scenario were analyzed by applying specified loading conditions. It was also found that the structural fire resistance failure mode of intumescent coating on protected steel beams was particularly sensitive to the applied boundary conditions. Careful selection of nodes in the element was necessary to avoid numerical instability and unexpected numerical error during analysis. An assessment of various numerical models subjected to a-standard fire with partially protected 1 mm intumescent coating was analysed using ABAQUS. An available unprotected test result was used as a benchmark. The outcome suggests that the fire resistances of the beams were found to be sensitive to the location of the partial and/or damage protection. The overall fire resistance behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature was summarized in a 'typical deflection regression' curve. An extensive parametric analysis was performed on localized intumescent coating damage with various intumescent coating thicknesses between 0.5mm to 2.0mm. It was found that the average deflection was linear for the first 30 mins of exposure for all the variables, damage locations and intumescent thicknesses. It was concluded that a thicker layered intumescent coating may not be a better insulator or be compared to a much less thick intumescent coating at elevated temperature. The use of passive fire protection, however, does enhance the overall fire resistance of the steel beam, in contrast to a naked steel structure. The research work investigated the intumescent coating behaviour with different aspects of protection and damage and the outcome of the assessment provided a robust guide and additional understanding of the performance of intumescent coating at elevated temperature.


Book Synopsis The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature by : Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy

Download or read book The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature written by Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent coating fire protection on steel structures is becoming widely popular in the UK and Europe. The current assessment for the fire protection performance method using the standard fire resistance tests is not accurate, owing to the reactive behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature. Moreover, the available intumescent coating temperature assessment method provided in the Eurocode for structural steel at elevated temperature does not incorporate the steel beam's behaviour and/or assessment for partial protection and/or damaged protection. The research work presented provides additional information. on the assessment of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperature. In the scope of the investigation on the thermal conductivity of intumescent coating, it was found that the computed average thermal conductivity was marginally sensitive to the density and emissivity at elevated temperature. However, the thermal conductivity was found to be reasonably sensitive to the differences in initial dft's (dry film thicknesses). In this research, a numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to mimic actual indicative test scenarios to predict and establish the temperature distribution and the structural fire resistance of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperatures. Intumescent coating actively shields when the charring process occurs when the surface temperature reaches approximately 250°C to 350°C. Maximum deflection and deflection failure times for each damage scenario were analyzed by applying specified loading conditions. It was also found that the structural fire resistance failure mode of intumescent coating on protected steel beams was particularly sensitive to the applied boundary conditions. Careful selection of nodes in the element was necessary to avoid numerical instability and unexpected numerical error during analysis. An assessment of various numerical models subjected to a-standard fire with partially protected 1 mm intumescent coating was analysed using ABAQUS. An available unprotected test result was used as a benchmark. The outcome suggests that the fire resistances of the beams were found to be sensitive to the location of the partial and/or damage protection. The overall fire resistance behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature was summarized in a 'typical deflection regression' curve. An extensive parametric analysis was performed on localized intumescent coating damage with various intumescent coating thicknesses between 0.5mm to 2.0mm. It was found that the average deflection was linear for the first 30 mins of exposure for all the variables, damage locations and intumescent thicknesses. It was concluded that a thicker layered intumescent coating may not be a better insulator or be compared to a much less thick intumescent coating at elevated temperature. The use of passive fire protection, however, does enhance the overall fire resistance of the steel beam, in contrast to a naked steel structure. The research work investigated the intumescent coating behaviour with different aspects of protection and damage and the outcome of the assessment provided a robust guide and additional understanding of the performance of intumescent coating at elevated temperature.

Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials

Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials

Author: Olga Zybina

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-11-04

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 303059422X

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The book provides practical recommendations for creation of fire retardant materials with an increased service life. The enhanced fire resistance seen in these materials is based on the regularities of the chemical and physicochemical interaction of the components of intumescent composition in the process of thermolytic synthesis of heat-insulating char-foamed layers. The aim of fire protection of various objects with intumescent materials is to create a heat-insulating charred layer on the surface of structural elements; this layer can withstand high temperatures and mechanical damage which are typical during fires. The authors describe the contribution of basic components (melamine, pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate), additional components (chlorinated paraffin, urea, cellulose, carbon nano additives, etc.) and polymer binders of intumescent compositions on the process of charring. The technological aspects of manufacturing, application and operation of fire retardant intumescent compositions, which can be useful for organizations that produce and use fire retardant materials, are also described.


Book Synopsis Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials by : Olga Zybina

Download or read book Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials written by Olga Zybina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides practical recommendations for creation of fire retardant materials with an increased service life. The enhanced fire resistance seen in these materials is based on the regularities of the chemical and physicochemical interaction of the components of intumescent composition in the process of thermolytic synthesis of heat-insulating char-foamed layers. The aim of fire protection of various objects with intumescent materials is to create a heat-insulating charred layer on the surface of structural elements; this layer can withstand high temperatures and mechanical damage which are typical during fires. The authors describe the contribution of basic components (melamine, pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate), additional components (chlorinated paraffin, urea, cellulose, carbon nano additives, etc.) and polymer binders of intumescent compositions on the process of charring. The technological aspects of manufacturing, application and operation of fire retardant intumescent compositions, which can be useful for organizations that produce and use fire retardant materials, are also described.

Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel

Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel

Author: Jiyuan Kang

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13:

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Intumescent coating is becoming popular in building constructions as a passive fire protection product. It expands and forms a porous thermal protective char layer when exposed to a fire and can effectively protect building steel structures from high temperature. A large number of studies about intumescent coatings have been conducted, particularly in the following fields: (1) chemical formulation, which focuses on the choices of ingredients; i.e., a carbon source, an acid source and a blowing agent, to form a proper combination; and (2) numerical models, which aim to simulate the chemical-reaction and heat-transfer processes during the fire protection period. To develop a new formulation and additives or to validate the numerical models, the characterization of the char formation is of essential importance. However, a universal characterization method has not yet been fully developed for diagnosing the internal char-forming processes, the morphological structure of the char formed, and the real-time interior thermal properties during the fire protection period. This deficiency stems mainly from technical difficulties in obtaining structure character from the expanded char without damage and measuring a precise heat transfer history from a high temperature (up to 600 °C ) shape changing porous media.In this study, a laboratory-scale mass-loss cone heating device is used to impose three incident radiant heat fluxes (25, 50, and 75 kW/m2) on different types of intumescent coatings (water-based and epoxy-based). The morphological characteristics of the expanded and charred intumescent coatings have been studied using a computer tomography (CT)-based analysis method. Image processing techniques are applied to the CT-scanned data to generate 3D reconstructed images and to measure structure properties using ImageJ software. Thermal insulating performance (apparent thermal conductivity and heat blocking efficiency) of the expanding char layer is determined in situ based on real-time measurements of the temperature distribution in the char layer and the heat flux transmitted through the char layer. The Dynamic Plane Source (DPS) method is also employed to measure the thermal conductivity of the post-exposure char as a verification method of the in-situ measurements.The present structure and thermal characterization method is useful to assist in new formulation developments and to advance numerical modeling.


Book Synopsis Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel by : Jiyuan Kang

Download or read book Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel written by Jiyuan Kang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent coating is becoming popular in building constructions as a passive fire protection product. It expands and forms a porous thermal protective char layer when exposed to a fire and can effectively protect building steel structures from high temperature. A large number of studies about intumescent coatings have been conducted, particularly in the following fields: (1) chemical formulation, which focuses on the choices of ingredients; i.e., a carbon source, an acid source and a blowing agent, to form a proper combination; and (2) numerical models, which aim to simulate the chemical-reaction and heat-transfer processes during the fire protection period. To develop a new formulation and additives or to validate the numerical models, the characterization of the char formation is of essential importance. However, a universal characterization method has not yet been fully developed for diagnosing the internal char-forming processes, the morphological structure of the char formed, and the real-time interior thermal properties during the fire protection period. This deficiency stems mainly from technical difficulties in obtaining structure character from the expanded char without damage and measuring a precise heat transfer history from a high temperature (up to 600 °C ) shape changing porous media.In this study, a laboratory-scale mass-loss cone heating device is used to impose three incident radiant heat fluxes (25, 50, and 75 kW/m2) on different types of intumescent coatings (water-based and epoxy-based). The morphological characteristics of the expanded and charred intumescent coatings have been studied using a computer tomography (CT)-based analysis method. Image processing techniques are applied to the CT-scanned data to generate 3D reconstructed images and to measure structure properties using ImageJ software. Thermal insulating performance (apparent thermal conductivity and heat blocking efficiency) of the expanding char layer is determined in situ based on real-time measurements of the temperature distribution in the char layer and the heat flux transmitted through the char layer. The Dynamic Plane Source (DPS) method is also employed to measure the thermal conductivity of the post-exposure char as a verification method of the in-situ measurements.The present structure and thermal characterization method is useful to assist in new formulation developments and to advance numerical modeling.

Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures

Author: Nittaya Hansupo

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The goal of this PhD work is to get an insight into the mechanisms of action of epoxy based intumescent coating to be able to provide the outlooks for the development of novel systems of higher protection against fire. The intumescent formulation is highly complex system. This work focuses particularly on the key components of which the understanding of the mechanisms of action is still lacking. Firstly, the mechanisms of action of borates were investigated in both chemical and thermo-physical modifications; the combination of the results obtained from different aspects allows drawing its mode of action. On the one hand, borates in particular boric acid have been mentioned to be Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic (CMR); the substitution of these important intumescent components are necessary. The results point out the important role and high reactivity of zinc (i.e. from zinc borate), this suggests the development of novel systems by incorporating zinc based compound instead of zinc borate. Secondly, the effect of CaCO3 on fire protective properties and its mechanism of action in intumescent coating were examined. The addition of CaCO3 improves the fire protective properties and adhesion/cohesion of the coating and its mechanism of action was fully justified. Additionally, various carbonates (i.e. MgCO3, ZnCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3) as intumescent ingredient were also examined. The use of MgCO3 as intumescent ingredient is beneficial for the fire protective properties of the coating as well as the use of CaCO3. In this work, the mechanisms of action of borates and carbonates were fully examined. The results suggest the development of novel systems with using the alternative ingredients such as zinc-based compound or MgCO3.


Book Synopsis Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Nittaya Hansupo

Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Nittaya Hansupo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this PhD work is to get an insight into the mechanisms of action of epoxy based intumescent coating to be able to provide the outlooks for the development of novel systems of higher protection against fire. The intumescent formulation is highly complex system. This work focuses particularly on the key components of which the understanding of the mechanisms of action is still lacking. Firstly, the mechanisms of action of borates were investigated in both chemical and thermo-physical modifications; the combination of the results obtained from different aspects allows drawing its mode of action. On the one hand, borates in particular boric acid have been mentioned to be Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic (CMR); the substitution of these important intumescent components are necessary. The results point out the important role and high reactivity of zinc (i.e. from zinc borate), this suggests the development of novel systems by incorporating zinc based compound instead of zinc borate. Secondly, the effect of CaCO3 on fire protective properties and its mechanism of action in intumescent coating were examined. The addition of CaCO3 improves the fire protective properties and adhesion/cohesion of the coating and its mechanism of action was fully justified. Additionally, various carbonates (i.e. MgCO3, ZnCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3) as intumescent ingredient were also examined. The use of MgCO3 as intumescent ingredient is beneficial for the fire protective properties of the coating as well as the use of CaCO3. In this work, the mechanisms of action of borates and carbonates were fully examined. The results suggest the development of novel systems with using the alternative ingredients such as zinc-based compound or MgCO3.

Structures in Fire

Structures in Fire

Author: Venkatesh Kodur

Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 1047

ISBN-13: 1605950270

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Book Synopsis Structures in Fire by : Venkatesh Kodur

Download or read book Structures in Fire written by Venkatesh Kodur and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1047 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Green Flame Retardants

Polymer Green Flame Retardants

Author: Constantine D. Papaspyrides

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2014-08-14

Total Pages: 943

ISBN-13: 0444538097

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Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials


Book Synopsis Polymer Green Flame Retardants by : Constantine D. Papaspyrides

Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook

The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook

Author: Alexander B. Morgan

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-04-07

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1118939204

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A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs


Book Synopsis The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook by : Alexander B. Morgan

Download or read book The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs

New Technologies in Protective Coatings

New Technologies in Protective Coatings

Author: Carlos Giudice

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2017-09-06

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 9535134914

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Materials are at the center of all technological advances; it is evident in considering the spectacular progress that has been made in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine, biology, etc. Materials science and technology must develop researches allowing the generation of new methods of protection to reduce fundamentally the losses of human life as well as the economic ones. The former are impossible of quantifying, while the latter are highly significant; thus, only those derived from corrosive processes in their different forms reach, in technologically developed countries, about 4% of the Gross National Product (GNP), while those derived from fire action range from 0.5 to 1.0% of the mentioned GNP. The book, in the different chapters, displays original systems of superficial protection and of low environmental impact to minimize the losses by corrosion and the fire action.


Book Synopsis New Technologies in Protective Coatings by : Carlos Giudice

Download or read book New Technologies in Protective Coatings written by Carlos Giudice and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials are at the center of all technological advances; it is evident in considering the spectacular progress that has been made in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine, biology, etc. Materials science and technology must develop researches allowing the generation of new methods of protection to reduce fundamentally the losses of human life as well as the economic ones. The former are impossible of quantifying, while the latter are highly significant; thus, only those derived from corrosive processes in their different forms reach, in technologically developed countries, about 4% of the Gross National Product (GNP), while those derived from fire action range from 0.5 to 1.0% of the mentioned GNP. The book, in the different chapters, displays original systems of superficial protection and of low environmental impact to minimize the losses by corrosion and the fire action.