Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries

Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries

Author: Sijbren Cnossen

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1991-07-01

Total Pages: 49

ISBN-13: 1451960638

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In the course of introducing a market-oriented tax system, most Central and Eastern European countries are actively considering the merits of a value-added tax (VAT). This paper examines a wide range of social, economic, structural, and administrative issues that are pertinent to the introduction of a VAT. These issues have regard to the burden distribution of the VAT, its effect on the price level and economic growth, as well as the coverage of the tax, the definition of the base, and the choice of the rate structure. Various legal and administrative aspects are also reviewed. The paper draws on the experience with value-added taxation of the member states of the European Community (EC) and other countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).


Book Synopsis Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries by : Sijbren Cnossen

Download or read book Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries written by Sijbren Cnossen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-07-01 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of introducing a market-oriented tax system, most Central and Eastern European countries are actively considering the merits of a value-added tax (VAT). This paper examines a wide range of social, economic, structural, and administrative issues that are pertinent to the introduction of a VAT. These issues have regard to the burden distribution of the VAT, its effect on the price level and economic growth, as well as the coverage of the tax, the definition of the base, and the choice of the rate structure. Various legal and administrative aspects are also reviewed. The paper draws on the experience with value-added taxation of the member states of the European Community (EC) and other countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Value-Added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries A Comparative Survey and Evaluation

Value-Added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries A Comparative Survey and Evaluation

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 1998-10-09

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 9264163492

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This study offers a comparative evaluation of the main features of the VAT systems between the ten countries of Central and Eastern Europue and provides a commentary on the development of the VAT systems in line with the VAT legislation of the EU.


Book Synopsis Value-Added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries A Comparative Survey and Evaluation by : OECD

Download or read book Value-Added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries A Comparative Survey and Evaluation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-10-09 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study offers a comparative evaluation of the main features of the VAT systems between the ten countries of Central and Eastern Europue and provides a commentary on the development of the VAT systems in line with the VAT legislation of the EU.

IMF Staff papers

IMF Staff papers

Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Published: 1992-01-01

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781451947106

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This paper answers key questions in considering a value-added tax (VAT) for Central and Eastern European countries. The paper emphasizes that in Western countries tax policy derives from the assumption that the market achieves an optimal allocation of resources. Efficiency in resource allocation and, by extension, the neutrality advantages of the VAT cannot be attained if prices continue to be controlled by the government and enterprises continue to be subject to undue regulation and direction from the center. If a VAT is not to resemble the kind of bookkeeping exercise of the old turnover taxes, then its introduction should be preceded by a substantial degree of price liberalization and enterprise autonomy. Finally, a VAT is a “democratic tax,” in the sense that, in the main, taxpayers must comply voluntarily with the obligations imposed on them. Also, they have the right to disagree with the tax liability as ascertained by the tax office. This requires carefully crafted procedures and sustained efforts to elicit taxpayer cooperation.


Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper answers key questions in considering a value-added tax (VAT) for Central and Eastern European countries. The paper emphasizes that in Western countries tax policy derives from the assumption that the market achieves an optimal allocation of resources. Efficiency in resource allocation and, by extension, the neutrality advantages of the VAT cannot be attained if prices continue to be controlled by the government and enterprises continue to be subject to undue regulation and direction from the center. If a VAT is not to resemble the kind of bookkeeping exercise of the old turnover taxes, then its introduction should be preceded by a substantial degree of price liberalization and enterprise autonomy. Finally, a VAT is a “democratic tax,” in the sense that, in the main, taxpayers must comply voluntarily with the obligations imposed on them. Also, they have the right to disagree with the tax liability as ascertained by the tax office. This requires carefully crafted procedures and sustained efforts to elicit taxpayer cooperation.

Value-added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries

Value-added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries

Author: Centre for Co-operation with Non-members

Publisher: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13:

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This is the first study of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) systems of the ten countries of Central and Eastern Europe preparing for integration into the European Union (EU).


Book Synopsis Value-added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries by : Centre for Co-operation with Non-members

Download or read book Value-added Taxes in Central and Eastern European Countries written by Centre for Co-operation with Non-members and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This book was released on 1998 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first study of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) systems of the ten countries of Central and Eastern Europe preparing for integration into the European Union (EU).

The Efficiency of VAT Implementation

The Efficiency of VAT Implementation

Author: Mr.William Jack

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1996-07-01

Total Pages: 18

ISBN-13: 1451955820

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This paper presents calculations of the efficiency with which value-added taxes are collected in five transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Actual VAT revenues in 1994 are compared with those that would have resulted if the statutory VAT rates had been applied without any revenue leakage. The five countries fall into two broad groups, one exhibiting relatively high collection efficiency, and the other relatively low efficiency. While lack of detailed information on tax rules and consumption patterns makes definitive conclusions difficult, the impact of exemptions is shown to likely strengthen the comparative results.


Book Synopsis The Efficiency of VAT Implementation by : Mr.William Jack

Download or read book The Efficiency of VAT Implementation written by Mr.William Jack and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-07-01 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents calculations of the efficiency with which value-added taxes are collected in five transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Actual VAT revenues in 1994 are compared with those that would have resulted if the statutory VAT rates had been applied without any revenue leakage. The five countries fall into two broad groups, one exhibiting relatively high collection efficiency, and the other relatively low efficiency. While lack of detailed information on tax rules and consumption patterns makes definitive conclusions difficult, the impact of exemptions is shown to likely strengthen the comparative results.

Value Added Tax

Value Added Tax

Author: James M. Bickley

Publisher: Nova Publishers

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 9781590335925

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The feasibility of levying a value-added tax (VAT) to reduce large forecast budget deficits seems to never go away. A VAT is imposed at all levels of production on the differences between firms' sales and their purchases from all other firms. A VAT is assumed to be fully shifted forward to consumers; hence, a VAT is a type of general consumption tax. The United States, does not have a broad-based, national level consumption tax and in general, relies less on consumption taxes. This book examines the concepts, issues and experiences of the value-added tax in other countries.


Book Synopsis Value Added Tax by : James M. Bickley

Download or read book Value Added Tax written by James M. Bickley and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of levying a value-added tax (VAT) to reduce large forecast budget deficits seems to never go away. A VAT is imposed at all levels of production on the differences between firms' sales and their purchases from all other firms. A VAT is assumed to be fully shifted forward to consumers; hence, a VAT is a type of general consumption tax. The United States, does not have a broad-based, national level consumption tax and in general, relies less on consumption taxes. This book examines the concepts, issues and experiences of the value-added tax in other countries.

Modernizing VATs in Africa

Modernizing VATs in Africa

Author: Sijbren Cnossen

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-07-16

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 0192582372

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Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved.


Book Synopsis Modernizing VATs in Africa by : Sijbren Cnossen

Download or read book Modernizing VATs in Africa written by Sijbren Cnossen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved.

Tax Policy

Tax Policy

Author: DIANE Publishing Company

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1995-04

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 9780788104039

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Book Synopsis Tax Policy by : DIANE Publishing Company

Download or read book Tax Policy written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe

The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe

Author: Frank Bönker

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 9781781958261

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'Frank Bönker has done a masterful job. . . This is probably the best book available on this important subject. and its significance is not limited to studies of postcommunist societies. It has important theoretical implications for everyone interested in the Political Economy of Policy Reform perspective within the field of comparative political economy.' - John L. Campbell, Slavic Review


Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe by : Frank Bönker

Download or read book The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central-Eastern Europe written by Frank Bönker and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Frank Bönker has done a masterful job. . . This is probably the best book available on this important subject. and its significance is not limited to studies of postcommunist societies. It has important theoretical implications for everyone interested in the Political Economy of Policy Reform perspective within the field of comparative political economy.' - John L. Campbell, Slavic Review

Tax Policy Handbook

Tax Policy Handbook

Author: Mr.Parthasarathi Shome

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1995-04-25

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 9781557754905

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Edited by Parthasarathi Shome, this Handbook was written primarily for economists who are responsible for analyzing and evaluating economic policies of developing countries at an applied level, and who would benefit from a comprehensive discussion of the concepts, principles, and prevailing issues of taxation.


Book Synopsis Tax Policy Handbook by : Mr.Parthasarathi Shome

Download or read book Tax Policy Handbook written by Mr.Parthasarathi Shome and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-04-25 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Parthasarathi Shome, this Handbook was written primarily for economists who are responsible for analyzing and evaluating economic policies of developing countries at an applied level, and who would benefit from a comprehensive discussion of the concepts, principles, and prevailing issues of taxation.