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Most of the research aimed at counterterrorism, fraud detection, or other forensic applications assumes that this is a specialized application domain for mainstream knowledge discovery. Unfortunately, knowledge discovery changes completely when the datasets being used have been manipulated in order to conceal some underlying activity. Knowledge Dis
Book Synopsis Knowledge Discovery for Counterterrorism and Law Enforcement by : David Skillicorn
Download or read book Knowledge Discovery for Counterterrorism and Law Enforcement written by David Skillicorn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-13 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the research aimed at counterterrorism, fraud detection, or other forensic applications assumes that this is a specialized application domain for mainstream knowledge discovery. Unfortunately, knowledge discovery changes completely when the datasets being used have been manipulated in order to conceal some underlying activity. Knowledge Dis
Predictive analytics and data mining technologies and techniques are increasingly being used by the intelligence, counterterrorism, national security and law enforcement communities as part of standard operating procedures. Used appropriately by trained analysts, this technology can do much to unearth patterns in fraud and financial computer crimes, as well as with regard to suspicious activities. Written by a known expert, this work helps agencies become familiar with advanced data mining and provides trainees with a manual covering the use of data mining in operational and investigative procedures. Building on concepts from the author’s previously published work, this volume offers a look into specific predictive analytic techniques, fully explaining how the techniques can be used to combat criminal activity and terrorism. To reinforce the training, it discusses detailed cases in which analysis was used to research and uncover criminal activity and events. The author examines many real-world issues including the debate over security concerns versus legal and privacy issues.
Book Synopsis Predictive Analytics and Homeland Security Applications by : Colleen McCue
Download or read book Predictive Analytics and Homeland Security Applications written by Colleen McCue and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive analytics and data mining technologies and techniques are increasingly being used by the intelligence, counterterrorism, national security and law enforcement communities as part of standard operating procedures. Used appropriately by trained analysts, this technology can do much to unearth patterns in fraud and financial computer crimes, as well as with regard to suspicious activities. Written by a known expert, this work helps agencies become familiar with advanced data mining and provides trainees with a manual covering the use of data mining in operational and investigative procedures. Building on concepts from the author’s previously published work, this volume offers a look into specific predictive analytic techniques, fully explaining how the techniques can be used to combat criminal activity and terrorism. To reinforce the training, it discusses detailed cases in which analysis was used to research and uncover criminal activity and events. The author examines many real-world issues including the debate over security concerns versus legal and privacy issues.
This book analyses the usefulness of terrorist profiling utilised by law enforcement officers as a pre-emptive means to assist them in the detection, prevention and deterrence of terrorism and/or its preparatory activities. It explores two main themes arising from the phenomenon of terrorist profiling: the lawfulness of terrorist profiling and the utility of profiling. These two themes are explored in three separate parts. Firstly, the book begins by drawing upon human rights concerns arising from the use of terrorist profiling by law enforcement officers. Secondly, an analytical framework capable of making determinations on the usefulness of terrorist profiling. This framework develops a profiling spectrum that ranges from formal and informal manifestations of terrorist profiling that forms the basis for evaluating its usefulness. Finally, the book presents an examination of various manifestations of terrorist profiling by separating the analysis of the ‘construction’ of profiles on the one hand, from their ‘application,’ on the other, so as to be able to identify and examine profiling’s usefulness as a technique to assist law enforcement officers make predictions about likely offender characteristics. This book ultimately concludes that terrorist profiling should only be conducted by undertaking a systematic assessment of the construction of profiles separate from the application of profiles whilst simultaneously taking into account fundamental human rights concerns with the practice of terrorist profiling. The work will be an essential resource for academics, law enforcement officers and lawyers in the disciplines of law, criminology, human rights, criminal justice and policing. As the book engages with terrorist profiling, it will also be of interest to those engaged in the psychology of terrorism.
Book Synopsis Terrorist Profiling and Law Enforcement by : Noel McGuirk
Download or read book Terrorist Profiling and Law Enforcement written by Noel McGuirk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-10 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the usefulness of terrorist profiling utilised by law enforcement officers as a pre-emptive means to assist them in the detection, prevention and deterrence of terrorism and/or its preparatory activities. It explores two main themes arising from the phenomenon of terrorist profiling: the lawfulness of terrorist profiling and the utility of profiling. These two themes are explored in three separate parts. Firstly, the book begins by drawing upon human rights concerns arising from the use of terrorist profiling by law enforcement officers. Secondly, an analytical framework capable of making determinations on the usefulness of terrorist profiling. This framework develops a profiling spectrum that ranges from formal and informal manifestations of terrorist profiling that forms the basis for evaluating its usefulness. Finally, the book presents an examination of various manifestations of terrorist profiling by separating the analysis of the ‘construction’ of profiles on the one hand, from their ‘application,’ on the other, so as to be able to identify and examine profiling’s usefulness as a technique to assist law enforcement officers make predictions about likely offender characteristics. This book ultimately concludes that terrorist profiling should only be conducted by undertaking a systematic assessment of the construction of profiles separate from the application of profiles whilst simultaneously taking into account fundamental human rights concerns with the practice of terrorist profiling. The work will be an essential resource for academics, law enforcement officers and lawyers in the disciplines of law, criminology, human rights, criminal justice and policing. As the book engages with terrorist profiling, it will also be of interest to those engaged in the psychology of terrorism.
All U.S. agencies with counterterrorism programs that collect or "mine" personal data-such as phone records or Web sites visited-should be required to evaluate the programs' effectiveness, lawfulness, and impacts on privacy. A framework is offered that agencies can use to evaluate such information-based programs, both classified and unclassified. The book urges Congress to re-examine existing privacy law to assess how privacy can be protected in current and future programs and recommends that any individuals harmed by violations of privacy be given a meaningful form of redress. Two specific technologies are examined: data mining and behavioral surveillance. Regarding data mining, the book concludes that although these methods have been useful in the private sector for spotting consumer fraud, they are less helpful for counterterrorism because so little is known about what patterns indicate terrorist activity. Regarding behavioral surveillance in a counterterrorist context, the book concludes that although research and development on certain aspects of this topic are warranted, there is no scientific consensus on whether these techniques are ready for operational use at all in counterterrorism.
Book Synopsis Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorists by : National Research Council
Download or read book Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorists written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-10-26 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All U.S. agencies with counterterrorism programs that collect or "mine" personal data-such as phone records or Web sites visited-should be required to evaluate the programs' effectiveness, lawfulness, and impacts on privacy. A framework is offered that agencies can use to evaluate such information-based programs, both classified and unclassified. The book urges Congress to re-examine existing privacy law to assess how privacy can be protected in current and future programs and recommends that any individuals harmed by violations of privacy be given a meaningful form of redress. Two specific technologies are examined: data mining and behavioral surveillance. Regarding data mining, the book concludes that although these methods have been useful in the private sector for spotting consumer fraud, they are less helpful for counterterrorism because so little is known about what patterns indicate terrorist activity. Regarding behavioral surveillance in a counterterrorist context, the book concludes that although research and development on certain aspects of this topic are warranted, there is no scientific consensus on whether these techniques are ready for operational use at all in counterterrorism.
Book Synopsis Combating Terrorism: Law Enforcement Agencies Lack Directives to Assist Foreign Nations by :
Download or read book Combating Terrorism: Law Enforcement Agencies Lack Directives to Assist Foreign Nations written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Modern terrorist networks pose an unprecedented threat to international security. The question of how to neutralize that threat is complicated radically by their fluid, non-hierarchical structures, religious and ideological motivations, and predominantly non-territorial objectives. Governments and militaries are crafting new policies and doctrines to combat terror, but they desperately need new technologies to make these efforts effective. This book collects a wide range of the most current computational research that addresses critical issues for countering terrorism, including: Finding, summarizing, and evaluating relevant information from large and changing data stores; Simulating and predicting enemy acts and outcomes; and Producing actionable intelligence by finding meaningful patterns hidden in huge amounts of noisy data. The book’s four sections describe current research on discovering relevant information buried in vast amounts of unstructured data; extracting meaningful information from digitized documents in multiple languages; analyzing graphs and networks to shed light on adversaries’ goals and intentions; and developing software systems that enable analysts to model, simulate, and predict the effects of real-world conflicts. The research described in this book is invaluable reading for governmental decision-makers designing new policies to counter terrorist threats, for members of the military, intelligence, and law enforcement communities devising counterterrorism strategies, and for researchers developing more effective methods for knowledge discovery in complicated and diverse datasets.
Book Synopsis Computational Methods for Counterterrorism by : Shlomo Argamon
Download or read book Computational Methods for Counterterrorism written by Shlomo Argamon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern terrorist networks pose an unprecedented threat to international security. The question of how to neutralize that threat is complicated radically by their fluid, non-hierarchical structures, religious and ideological motivations, and predominantly non-territorial objectives. Governments and militaries are crafting new policies and doctrines to combat terror, but they desperately need new technologies to make these efforts effective. This book collects a wide range of the most current computational research that addresses critical issues for countering terrorism, including: Finding, summarizing, and evaluating relevant information from large and changing data stores; Simulating and predicting enemy acts and outcomes; and Producing actionable intelligence by finding meaningful patterns hidden in huge amounts of noisy data. The book’s four sections describe current research on discovering relevant information buried in vast amounts of unstructured data; extracting meaningful information from digitized documents in multiple languages; analyzing graphs and networks to shed light on adversaries’ goals and intentions; and developing software systems that enable analysts to model, simulate, and predict the effects of real-world conflicts. The research described in this book is invaluable reading for governmental decision-makers designing new policies to counter terrorist threats, for members of the military, intelligence, and law enforcement communities devising counterterrorism strategies, and for researchers developing more effective methods for knowledge discovery in complicated and diverse datasets.
This intelligence guide was prepared in response to requests from law enforcement executives for guidance in intelligence functions in a post-September 11 world. It will help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to fight terrorism and other crimes while preserving community policing relationships. The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primera place to start on a new managerial journey. Every law enforcement agency in the United States, regardless of agency size, must have the capacity to understand the implications of information collection, analysis, and intelligence sharing. Each agency must have an organized mechanism to receive and manage intelligence as well as a mechanism to report and share critical information with other law enforcement agencies. In addition, it is essential that law enforcement agencies develop lines of communication and information-sharing protocols with the private sector, particularly those related to the critical infrastructure, as well as with those private entities that are potential targets of terrorists and criminal enterprises. Not every agency has the staff or resources to create a formal intelligence unit, nor is it necessary in smaller agencies. This document will provide common language and processes to develop and employ an intelligence capacity in SLTLE agencies across the United States as well as articulate a uniform understanding of concepts, issues, and terminology for law enforcement intelligence (LEI). While terrorism issues are currently most pervasive in the current discussion of LEI, the principles of intelligence discussed in this document apply beyond terrorism and include organized crime and entrepreneurial crime of all forms. Drug trafficking and the associated crime of money laundering, for example, continue to be a significant challenge for law enforcement. Transnational computer crime, particularly Internet fraud, identity theft cartels, and global black marketeering of stolen and counterfeit goods, are entrepreneurial crime problems that are increasingly being relegated to SLTLE agencies to investigate simply because of the volume of criminal incidents. Similarly, local law enforcement is being increasingly drawn into human trafficking and illegal immigration enterprises and the often associated crimes related to counterfeiting of official documents, such as passports, visas, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, and credit cards. All require an intelligence capacity for SLTLE, as does the continuation of historical organized crime activities such as auto theft, cargo theft, and virtually any other scheme that can produce profit for an organized criminal entity. To be effective, the law enforcement community must interpret intelligence-related language in a consistent manner. In addition, common standards, policies, and practices will help expedite intelligence sharing while at the same time protecting the privacy of citizens and preserving hard-won community policing relationships.~
Book Synopsis Law Enforcement Intelligence by : David L. Carter
Download or read book Law Enforcement Intelligence written by David L. Carter and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intelligence guide was prepared in response to requests from law enforcement executives for guidance in intelligence functions in a post-September 11 world. It will help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to fight terrorism and other crimes while preserving community policing relationships. The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primera place to start on a new managerial journey. Every law enforcement agency in the United States, regardless of agency size, must have the capacity to understand the implications of information collection, analysis, and intelligence sharing. Each agency must have an organized mechanism to receive and manage intelligence as well as a mechanism to report and share critical information with other law enforcement agencies. In addition, it is essential that law enforcement agencies develop lines of communication and information-sharing protocols with the private sector, particularly those related to the critical infrastructure, as well as with those private entities that are potential targets of terrorists and criminal enterprises. Not every agency has the staff or resources to create a formal intelligence unit, nor is it necessary in smaller agencies. This document will provide common language and processes to develop and employ an intelligence capacity in SLTLE agencies across the United States as well as articulate a uniform understanding of concepts, issues, and terminology for law enforcement intelligence (LEI). While terrorism issues are currently most pervasive in the current discussion of LEI, the principles of intelligence discussed in this document apply beyond terrorism and include organized crime and entrepreneurial crime of all forms. Drug trafficking and the associated crime of money laundering, for example, continue to be a significant challenge for law enforcement. Transnational computer crime, particularly Internet fraud, identity theft cartels, and global black marketeering of stolen and counterfeit goods, are entrepreneurial crime problems that are increasingly being relegated to SLTLE agencies to investigate simply because of the volume of criminal incidents. Similarly, local law enforcement is being increasingly drawn into human trafficking and illegal immigration enterprises and the often associated crimes related to counterfeiting of official documents, such as passports, visas, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, and credit cards. All require an intelligence capacity for SLTLE, as does the continuation of historical organized crime activities such as auto theft, cargo theft, and virtually any other scheme that can produce profit for an organized criminal entity. To be effective, the law enforcement community must interpret intelligence-related language in a consistent manner. In addition, common standards, policies, and practices will help expedite intelligence sharing while at the same time protecting the privacy of citizens and preserving hard-won community policing relationships.~
"Counterterrorism Intelligence: Law Enforcement Perspectives" examines how the intelligence unit commanders of America's major metropolitan police departments view the terror threat and the nature of intelligence work to counter it. Based on survey research conducted in April 2011, authors Frank J. Cilluffo, Joseph R. Clark, and Michael P. Downing find that local law enforcement officials believe jihadi terrorism and radicalization continue to pose a real threat. The authors report that there continue to be gaps in the types of intelligence products to which local police have access, that there is an unmet need for increased analytical capability at the local, state, and federal levels, and that intelligence commanders would rather invest in the skills of their personnel than technology. The authors write that for local law enforcement the primary source for counterterrorism information continues to be local citizens and traditional police work and that there is significant support for the nationwide suspicious activity reporting initiative (NSI). Based on their data, Cilluffo, Clark, and Downing note that police intelligence unit commanders perceive counterterrorism to be a shared responsibility between local and federal officials and that among said commanders there is an untapped willingness for increased information sharing. The authors argue that there exists the potential for a more robust national intelligence enterprise one that could enhance the counterterrorism efforts of the United States at the local, state, regional, and federal levels. The research presented in the brief represents the initial work of HSPI's new Counterterrorism Intelligence Research Survey (CTISR) program. CTISR is the first attempt to systematically and routinely collect data from counterterrorism professionals at all levels of government.
Book Synopsis Counterterrorism Intelligence by : Frank J. Cilluffo
Download or read book Counterterrorism Intelligence written by Frank J. Cilluffo and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Counterterrorism Intelligence: Law Enforcement Perspectives" examines how the intelligence unit commanders of America's major metropolitan police departments view the terror threat and the nature of intelligence work to counter it. Based on survey research conducted in April 2011, authors Frank J. Cilluffo, Joseph R. Clark, and Michael P. Downing find that local law enforcement officials believe jihadi terrorism and radicalization continue to pose a real threat. The authors report that there continue to be gaps in the types of intelligence products to which local police have access, that there is an unmet need for increased analytical capability at the local, state, and federal levels, and that intelligence commanders would rather invest in the skills of their personnel than technology. The authors write that for local law enforcement the primary source for counterterrorism information continues to be local citizens and traditional police work and that there is significant support for the nationwide suspicious activity reporting initiative (NSI). Based on their data, Cilluffo, Clark, and Downing note that police intelligence unit commanders perceive counterterrorism to be a shared responsibility between local and federal officials and that among said commanders there is an untapped willingness for increased information sharing. The authors argue that there exists the potential for a more robust national intelligence enterprise one that could enhance the counterterrorism efforts of the United States at the local, state, regional, and federal levels. The research presented in the brief represents the initial work of HSPI's new Counterterrorism Intelligence Research Survey (CTISR) program. CTISR is the first attempt to systematically and routinely collect data from counterterrorism professionals at all levels of government.
In 2004, the Government Accountability Office provided a report detailing approximately 200 government-based data-mining projects. While there is comfort in knowing that there are many effective systems, that comfort isn‘t worth much unless we can determine that these systems are being effectively and responsibly employed.Written by one of the most
Book Synopsis Data Mining for Intelligence, Fraud & Criminal Detection by : Christopher Westphal
Download or read book Data Mining for Intelligence, Fraud & Criminal Detection written by Christopher Westphal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2004, the Government Accountability Office provided a report detailing approximately 200 government-based data-mining projects. While there is comfort in knowing that there are many effective systems, that comfort isn‘t worth much unless we can determine that these systems are being effectively and responsibly employed.Written by one of the most
Defeating terrorism requires a nimble intelligence apparatus that operates actively within the United States and makes use of advanced information technology. Data-mining and automated data-analysis techniques are powerful tools for intelligence and law enforcement officials fighting terrorism. But these tools also generate controversy and concern. They make analysis of data--including private data--easier and more powerful, and this can make private data more useful and attractive to the government. Data mining and data analysis are simply too valuable to prohibit, but they should not be embraced without guidelines and controls for their use. Policymakers must acquire an understanding of data-mining and automated data-analysis tools so that they can craft policy that encourages responsible use and sets parameters for that use. This report makes practical recommendation for such guidelines and controls.
Book Synopsis Data Mining and Data Analysis for Counterterrorism by : Mary DeRosa
Download or read book Data Mining and Data Analysis for Counterterrorism written by Mary DeRosa and published by Center for Strategic & International Studies. This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defeating terrorism requires a nimble intelligence apparatus that operates actively within the United States and makes use of advanced information technology. Data-mining and automated data-analysis techniques are powerful tools for intelligence and law enforcement officials fighting terrorism. But these tools also generate controversy and concern. They make analysis of data--including private data--easier and more powerful, and this can make private data more useful and attractive to the government. Data mining and data analysis are simply too valuable to prohibit, but they should not be embraced without guidelines and controls for their use. Policymakers must acquire an understanding of data-mining and automated data-analysis tools so that they can craft policy that encourages responsible use and sets parameters for that use. This report makes practical recommendation for such guidelines and controls.
