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Since the mid-1980s, mass migration from the countryside to urban areas has been one of the most dramatic and noticeable changes in China. Labour migration has not only exerted a profound impact on China’s economy; it has also had far-reaching consequences for its social development. This book examines labour migration in China, focusing on the social dimensions of this phenomenon, as well as on the economic aspects of the migration and development relationship. It provides in-depth coverage of pertinent topics which include the role of labour migration in poverty alleviation; the social costs of remittance and regional, gender and generational inequalities in their distribution; hukou reform and the inclusion of migrants in urban social security and medical insurance systems; the provision of schools for migrants’ children; the provision of sexual health services to migrants; the housing conditions of migrants; the mobilization of women workers’ social networks to improve labour protection; and the role of NGOs in providing social services for migrants. Throughout, it pays particular attention to policy implications, including the impact of the recent policy shift of the Chinese government, which has made social issues more central to national development policies, and has initiated policy reforms pertaining to migration.
Book Synopsis Labour Migration and Social Development in Contemporary China by : Rachel Murphy
Download or read book Labour Migration and Social Development in Contemporary China written by Rachel Murphy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1980s, mass migration from the countryside to urban areas has been one of the most dramatic and noticeable changes in China. Labour migration has not only exerted a profound impact on China’s economy; it has also had far-reaching consequences for its social development. This book examines labour migration in China, focusing on the social dimensions of this phenomenon, as well as on the economic aspects of the migration and development relationship. It provides in-depth coverage of pertinent topics which include the role of labour migration in poverty alleviation; the social costs of remittance and regional, gender and generational inequalities in their distribution; hukou reform and the inclusion of migrants in urban social security and medical insurance systems; the provision of schools for migrants’ children; the provision of sexual health services to migrants; the housing conditions of migrants; the mobilization of women workers’ social networks to improve labour protection; and the role of NGOs in providing social services for migrants. Throughout, it pays particular attention to policy implications, including the impact of the recent policy shift of the Chinese government, which has made social issues more central to national development policies, and has initiated policy reforms pertaining to migration.
China has an estimated 120?150 million internal migrants from the countryside living in its cities. These people are the engine that has been driving China's high rate of economic growth. However, until recently, little or no attention has been given to the establishment of a social protection regime for migrant workers. This volume examines the key issues involved in establishing social protection for them, including a critical examination of deficiencies in existing arrangements and an in-depth study of proposals that have been offered for extending social security coverage. Featuring contributions from leading academics outside China who have written on the topic as well as experts from leading Chinese academic institutions such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center in the State Council, this volume provides a comprehensive account from both inside and outside China.
Book Synopsis Migration and Social Protection in China by : Ingrid Nielsen
Download or read book Migration and Social Protection in China written by Ingrid Nielsen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has an estimated 120?150 million internal migrants from the countryside living in its cities. These people are the engine that has been driving China's high rate of economic growth. However, until recently, little or no attention has been given to the establishment of a social protection regime for migrant workers. This volume examines the key issues involved in establishing social protection for them, including a critical examination of deficiencies in existing arrangements and an in-depth study of proposals that have been offered for extending social security coverage. Featuring contributions from leading academics outside China who have written on the topic as well as experts from leading Chinese academic institutions such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center in the State Council, this volume provides a comprehensive account from both inside and outside China.
This book examines labour migration in China, focusing in particular on the social dimensions, exploring important issues including poverty alleviation, inequality, social insurance, health and education, and the role of NGOs. It considers the impact of changing government policy, which has made social issues more central to national development policies.
Book Synopsis Labour Migration and Social Development in Contemporary China by : Rachel Murphy
Download or read book Labour Migration and Social Development in Contemporary China written by Rachel Murphy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines labour migration in China, focusing in particular on the social dimensions, exploring important issues including poverty alleviation, inequality, social insurance, health and education, and the role of NGOs. It considers the impact of changing government policy, which has made social issues more central to national development policies.
China has an estimated 120OCo150 million internal migrants from the countryside living in its cities. These people are the engine that has been driving China's high rate of economic growth. However, until recently, little or no attention has been given to the establishment of a social protection regime for migrant workers. This volume examines the key issues involved in establishing social protection for them, including a critical examination of deficiencies in existing arrangements and an in-depth study of proposals that have been offered for extending social security coverage. Featuring contributions from leading academics outside China who have written on the topic as well as experts from leading Chinese academic institutions such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center in the State Council, this volume provides a comprehensive account from both inside and outside China.
Book Synopsis Migration and Social Protection in China by : Ingrid Nielsen
Download or read book Migration and Social Protection in China written by Ingrid Nielsen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has an estimated 120OCo150 million internal migrants from the countryside living in its cities. These people are the engine that has been driving China's high rate of economic growth. However, until recently, little or no attention has been given to the establishment of a social protection regime for migrant workers. This volume examines the key issues involved in establishing social protection for them, including a critical examination of deficiencies in existing arrangements and an in-depth study of proposals that have been offered for extending social security coverage. Featuring contributions from leading academics outside China who have written on the topic as well as experts from leading Chinese academic institutions such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center in the State Council, this volume provides a comprehensive account from both inside and outside China.
As China moves from a society controlling all aspects of life, including population movement, to something nearer a market economy, migration has become a live issue. Tens of millions of rural migrants have entered China's cities, meeting discrimination similar to that experienced by economic migrants in the West. This book looks to the reasons why people leave certain areas, the lives of migrants and government policy towards them. It distinguishes different types of migration and looks particularly at marriage migration and the effects of migration on the lives of women.
Book Synopsis Internal Migration in Contemporary China by : D. Davin
Download or read book Internal Migration in Contemporary China written by D. Davin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-10-30 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As China moves from a society controlling all aspects of life, including population movement, to something nearer a market economy, migration has become a live issue. Tens of millions of rural migrants have entered China's cities, meeting discrimination similar to that experienced by economic migrants in the West. This book looks to the reasons why people leave certain areas, the lives of migrants and government policy towards them. It distinguishes different types of migration and looks particularly at marriage migration and the effects of migration on the lives of women.
With China’s sky-rocketing economic growth since the late 1980’s, the mobility of its labor force has increased tremendously. In the early 21st century the number of internal migrants is approaching 300 million, corresponding to more than 20% of the country’s population. This development has become a cause for political concern, highlighting significant issues in the social relations between settled communities and new migrants. This book examines in depth how institutional arrangements, in particular, the Hukou (Household Registration) system, influence the integration of migrants at their destinations. Under this unique Chinese settlement system, migrants are defined by their Hukou location to which they are allocated by birth or by later official permissions if they fulfill certain requirements. The primary research questions approached concern the economic, social, political and psychological integration of migrants in cities. They are answered on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative original primary data. The findings are impressive. Migrants show strong performances with regard to their integration into labor markets and their income levels. Nevertheless, they display significantly weaker performances in the area of social integration and political integration. Surprisingly no difference in integration at the psychological level could be found.
Book Synopsis Becoming Urban: State and Migration in Contemporary China by : Luo, Rumin
Download or read book Becoming Urban: State and Migration in Contemporary China written by Luo, Rumin and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With China’s sky-rocketing economic growth since the late 1980’s, the mobility of its labor force has increased tremendously. In the early 21st century the number of internal migrants is approaching 300 million, corresponding to more than 20% of the country’s population. This development has become a cause for political concern, highlighting significant issues in the social relations between settled communities and new migrants. This book examines in depth how institutional arrangements, in particular, the Hukou (Household Registration) system, influence the integration of migrants at their destinations. Under this unique Chinese settlement system, migrants are defined by their Hukou location to which they are allocated by birth or by later official permissions if they fulfill certain requirements. The primary research questions approached concern the economic, social, political and psychological integration of migrants in cities. They are answered on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative original primary data. The findings are impressive. Migrants show strong performances with regard to their integration into labor markets and their income levels. Nevertheless, they display significantly weaker performances in the area of social integration and political integration. Surprisingly no difference in integration at the psychological level could be found.
This book explores the interactions between social policy and migration in China. Using a theoretical framework of institutional economics, Lida Fan’s discussion examines migration regulations, household registration, social welfare and insurance, employment, education, housing, medical care and industrial strategies with a view to answering the following questions: What was/is the role of social policy in migration before and after the reform period? What are the impacts of migration on the regional redistribution of human capital as a major source of regional development? What are the determinants of interprovincial migration? How can we better understand migration related policies using a social justice perspective? What migration policy options are available to achieve desired social consequences such as mitigating inequality and improving the well-being of the most disadvantaged peoples? In posing and answering these questions the book traces the vicissitude of the formation of the household registration system (hukou) and other policies accompanying the hukou system since the beginning of the People’s Republic of China. The author concludes with proposals for institutional change in China’s migration policy, advocating the desirability of social justice perspectives and its feasibility in the current socio-economic structure.
Book Synopsis Social Policy and Migration in China by : Lida Fan
Download or read book Social Policy and Migration in China written by Lida Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interactions between social policy and migration in China. Using a theoretical framework of institutional economics, Lida Fan’s discussion examines migration regulations, household registration, social welfare and insurance, employment, education, housing, medical care and industrial strategies with a view to answering the following questions: What was/is the role of social policy in migration before and after the reform period? What are the impacts of migration on the regional redistribution of human capital as a major source of regional development? What are the determinants of interprovincial migration? How can we better understand migration related policies using a social justice perspective? What migration policy options are available to achieve desired social consequences such as mitigating inequality and improving the well-being of the most disadvantaged peoples? In posing and answering these questions the book traces the vicissitude of the formation of the household registration system (hukou) and other policies accompanying the hukou system since the beginning of the People’s Republic of China. The author concludes with proposals for institutional change in China’s migration policy, advocating the desirability of social justice perspectives and its feasibility in the current socio-economic structure.
Out to Work is a fresh, engaging account of the lives of a group of rural Chinese women who, while still in their teens, moved from villages to Beijing to take up work as maids, office cleaners, hotel chambermaids, and schoolteachers. By pursuing new opportunities afforded by migration and strategically applying accumulated knowledge and resources, these women were able to forge better lives for themselves and their families. But as this book also makes clear, broader social inequalities persist to make these women's futures precarious. "This book's unique approach offers readers an intimate look at the impact of labor migration on young women over a ten-year period. We follow Gaetano's informants as they adapt to Beijing, visit their home villages, and move on to new jobs and postmarital homes. Gaetano does an excellent job showing how these young female migrants navigate constraints and challenges, enhancing their own and their family's social and economic status."—Hong Zhang, Colby College "This fresh, highly readable book demonstrates vividly how gender norms and rural-urban inequalities not only shaped women's identities and aspirations but also had palpable physical and material consequences for them. Yet despite the discrimination and hardship they experienced, they were able to build better lives for themselves. Gaetano's book convincingly shows that labor migration has increased many rural women's possibilities for exercising agency."—Rachel Murphy, University of Oxford
Book Synopsis Out to Work by : Arianne M. Gaetano
Download or read book Out to Work written by Arianne M. Gaetano and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out to Work is a fresh, engaging account of the lives of a group of rural Chinese women who, while still in their teens, moved from villages to Beijing to take up work as maids, office cleaners, hotel chambermaids, and schoolteachers. By pursuing new opportunities afforded by migration and strategically applying accumulated knowledge and resources, these women were able to forge better lives for themselves and their families. But as this book also makes clear, broader social inequalities persist to make these women's futures precarious. "This book's unique approach offers readers an intimate look at the impact of labor migration on young women over a ten-year period. We follow Gaetano's informants as they adapt to Beijing, visit their home villages, and move on to new jobs and postmarital homes. Gaetano does an excellent job showing how these young female migrants navigate constraints and challenges, enhancing their own and their family's social and economic status."—Hong Zhang, Colby College "This fresh, highly readable book demonstrates vividly how gender norms and rural-urban inequalities not only shaped women's identities and aspirations but also had palpable physical and material consequences for them. Yet despite the discrimination and hardship they experienced, they were able to build better lives for themselves. Gaetano's book convincingly shows that labor migration has increased many rural women's possibilities for exercising agency."—Rachel Murphy, University of Oxford
Based on in-depth ethnographic research--and using an approach that seeks to understand how migration is experienced by the migrants themselves--this is a fascinating study of the experiences of women in rural China who joined the vast migration to Beijing and other cities at the end of the twentieth century. It focuses on the experiences of rural-urban migrants, the particular ways in which they talk about those experiences, and how those experiences affect their sense of identity. Through first-hand accounts of actual migrant workers the author provides valuable insights into how rural women negotiate rural/urban experiences; how they respond to migration and life in the city; and how that experience shapes their world view, values, and relations with others. The book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the relationship between gender and social change, and of the ways in which globalization and modernity are experienced at the most personal level.
Book Synopsis Rural Women in Urban China by : Tamara Jacka
Download or read book Rural Women in Urban China written by Tamara Jacka and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on in-depth ethnographic research--and using an approach that seeks to understand how migration is experienced by the migrants themselves--this is a fascinating study of the experiences of women in rural China who joined the vast migration to Beijing and other cities at the end of the twentieth century. It focuses on the experiences of rural-urban migrants, the particular ways in which they talk about those experiences, and how those experiences affect their sense of identity. Through first-hand accounts of actual migrant workers the author provides valuable insights into how rural women negotiate rural/urban experiences; how they respond to migration and life in the city; and how that experience shapes their world view, values, and relations with others. The book makes a major contribution to our understanding of the relationship between gender and social change, and of the ways in which globalization and modernity are experienced at the most personal level.
Nearly 300 million migrants now live in China's urban centers. In China, migration contributes both to the social mobility of individual families and to the production of social inequality within and across Chinese communities. In this dissertation, I examine the complexity and heterogeneity of migration and the migrant population, and investigate how migration has co-evolved with institutions, labor markets, and social contexts to shape inequality in contemporary China. In Chapter 1, I document features of a newer, growing migration flow: the return of children to rural regions. Using multi-state life tables with nationally-representative data, I demonstrate that a substantial share of migrant children return to origin communities. By the age of 16, more than half of migrant children have returned to natal regions. Though much attention is appropriately given to the incorporation of migrant children into urban settings, return migration is common, and the reincorporation of urban migrants back into rural societies and rural school systems warrants both policy and research attention. In Chapter 2, I examine how permanent and temporary migrant children --- migrant children with and without local hukou status --- fare in urban education systems. Temporary migrant children face significant barriers to attend public schools in urban centers. Over the past decade, policy reform designed to improve access to public education is widely perceived as benefitting these children. Here, I show that these reforms have primarily benefited temporary migrant children who are already relatively socioeconomically advantaged. I then demonstrate that a more advantaged group of migrants-migrants with permanent migration status (i.e., who have local hukou)-still are less likely to attend top middle schools than their peers born in urban centers. For both migrant groups, enduring barriers to attendance at the country's best schools contribute to ongoing intergenerational stratification. The findings underscore the substantial socioeconomic variation among China's migrant population and reveal how recent shifts in policy have grown both horizontal and intergenerational stratification. In Chapter 3, I investigate the effects of labor market formalization on the longstanding wage gap between migrants and local (i.e., urban-born) workers in China. I first demonstrate that migrants from rural areas constitute a large and growing share of the informal labor market in urban centers, and that informal employment contributes to the substantial and enduring migrant wage penalty. I then consider whether, and how, a national policy designed to formalize employment has affected the migrant wage penalty. I leverage province-level differences in the enforcement of the 2008 Labor Contract Law and compare employment and wage patterns between local and migrant workers over time within provinces. The results suggest that the benefits of the formalization policy were only experienced by urban local workers, who are now more likely than in the pre-2008 period to have contracted employment. Because formal workers earn more than informal workers, the enforcement of the law ended up, if anything, increasing the migrant wage penalty in China's urban centers. This study not only highlights ongoing inequity in labor market conditions but also reveals the unintended consequences of labor market policies on wage inequality.
Book Synopsis Migration and Social Inequality in Contemporary China by : Yiyue Huangfu (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Migration and Social Inequality in Contemporary China written by Yiyue Huangfu (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 300 million migrants now live in China's urban centers. In China, migration contributes both to the social mobility of individual families and to the production of social inequality within and across Chinese communities. In this dissertation, I examine the complexity and heterogeneity of migration and the migrant population, and investigate how migration has co-evolved with institutions, labor markets, and social contexts to shape inequality in contemporary China. In Chapter 1, I document features of a newer, growing migration flow: the return of children to rural regions. Using multi-state life tables with nationally-representative data, I demonstrate that a substantial share of migrant children return to origin communities. By the age of 16, more than half of migrant children have returned to natal regions. Though much attention is appropriately given to the incorporation of migrant children into urban settings, return migration is common, and the reincorporation of urban migrants back into rural societies and rural school systems warrants both policy and research attention. In Chapter 2, I examine how permanent and temporary migrant children --- migrant children with and without local hukou status --- fare in urban education systems. Temporary migrant children face significant barriers to attend public schools in urban centers. Over the past decade, policy reform designed to improve access to public education is widely perceived as benefitting these children. Here, I show that these reforms have primarily benefited temporary migrant children who are already relatively socioeconomically advantaged. I then demonstrate that a more advantaged group of migrants-migrants with permanent migration status (i.e., who have local hukou)-still are less likely to attend top middle schools than their peers born in urban centers. For both migrant groups, enduring barriers to attendance at the country's best schools contribute to ongoing intergenerational stratification. The findings underscore the substantial socioeconomic variation among China's migrant population and reveal how recent shifts in policy have grown both horizontal and intergenerational stratification. In Chapter 3, I investigate the effects of labor market formalization on the longstanding wage gap between migrants and local (i.e., urban-born) workers in China. I first demonstrate that migrants from rural areas constitute a large and growing share of the informal labor market in urban centers, and that informal employment contributes to the substantial and enduring migrant wage penalty. I then consider whether, and how, a national policy designed to formalize employment has affected the migrant wage penalty. I leverage province-level differences in the enforcement of the 2008 Labor Contract Law and compare employment and wage patterns between local and migrant workers over time within provinces. The results suggest that the benefits of the formalization policy were only experienced by urban local workers, who are now more likely than in the pre-2008 period to have contracted employment. Because formal workers earn more than informal workers, the enforcement of the law ended up, if anything, increasing the migrant wage penalty in China's urban centers. This study not only highlights ongoing inequity in labor market conditions but also reveals the unintended consequences of labor market policies on wage inequality.
