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Does exposure to environmental toxicants inhibit our ability to have healthy children who develop normally? Biologic markersâ€"indicators that can tell us when environmental factors have caused a change at the cellular or biochemical level that might affect reproductive abilityâ€"are a promising tool for research aimed at answering that important question. Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology examines the potential of these markers in environmental health studies; clarifies definitions, underlying concepts, and possible applications; and shows the benefits to be gained from their use in reproductive and neurodevelopmental research.
Book Synopsis Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does exposure to environmental toxicants inhibit our ability to have healthy children who develop normally? Biologic markersâ€"indicators that can tell us when environmental factors have caused a change at the cellular or biochemical level that might affect reproductive abilityâ€"are a promising tool for research aimed at answering that important question. Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology examines the potential of these markers in environmental health studies; clarifies definitions, underlying concepts, and possible applications; and shows the benefits to be gained from their use in reproductive and neurodevelopmental research.
Methods in Toxicology, Volume 3: Male Reproductive Toxicology, Part A, deals with the male reproductive system and discusses methods that will help identify toxicant-induced changes at all levels in living organisms. It is important to realize that a toxic effect does not occur in a vacuum. All work in toxicology must be predicated on a demonstrated adverse effect in vivo. If good toxicology cannot exist in a vacuum, then there must be a structure. Thus, the book begins by presenting a few models as examples of the ways experiments could be grouped to define the toxicity of a chemical. This is followed by separate chapters on methods such as male mouse sexual behavior test; in vitro techniques for assessing pituitary secretory function; histological methods for preservation of the rat testis; procedures for assessing testicular sperm head counts in mice, rats, and dogs; and guidelines for conducting rodent dominant lethal tests. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as methods for the isolation and purification of Leydig cells from rat and mouse testes, and techniques used in semen analysis and fertility assessment in the rabbit.
Book Synopsis Male Reproductive Toxicology by : Robert E. Chapin
Download or read book Male Reproductive Toxicology written by Robert E. Chapin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 3: Male Reproductive Toxicology, Part A, deals with the male reproductive system and discusses methods that will help identify toxicant-induced changes at all levels in living organisms. It is important to realize that a toxic effect does not occur in a vacuum. All work in toxicology must be predicated on a demonstrated adverse effect in vivo. If good toxicology cannot exist in a vacuum, then there must be a structure. Thus, the book begins by presenting a few models as examples of the ways experiments could be grouped to define the toxicity of a chemical. This is followed by separate chapters on methods such as male mouse sexual behavior test; in vitro techniques for assessing pituitary secretory function; histological methods for preservation of the rat testis; procedures for assessing testicular sperm head counts in mice, rats, and dogs; and guidelines for conducting rodent dominant lethal tests. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as methods for the isolation and purification of Leydig cells from rat and mouse testes, and techniques used in semen analysis and fertility assessment in the rabbit.
The cause of many of the adverse reproductive outcomes and developmental diseases among offspring is not well understood. Most of the epidemiologic and experimental animal research has focused on the relationship between maternal exposures including medications, tobacco smoke, alcohol, infections, and occupation and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, and birth defects. The potential role of paternal exposures has not been investigated as extensively despite long-standing animal research that demonstrates the induction of mutations in the male germ cell after exposure to certain agents and subsequent reproductive failure or early pregnancy loss. Given this relative lack of interest, acquisition of epidemiologic data and the development of a definitive model or mechanism for potential male-mediated effects has been hindered. However, recent laboratory and epidemiologic investigations have suggested that paternal exposures may be more important than previously suspected. This topic has been termed by some as "male-mediated developmental toxicity. " This is meant to refer to the effects of exposures and other factors relating to the male parent that result in toxicity to the conceptus and abnormal development. The developmental endpoints of interest can include fetal loss, congenital abnormalities, growth retardation, cancer, and neurobehavioral effects. These effects may operate through a variety of mechanisms including gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, seminal fluid transfer of toxicants and epigenetic events.
Book Synopsis Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity by : Andrew F. Olshan
Download or read book Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity written by Andrew F. Olshan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cause of many of the adverse reproductive outcomes and developmental diseases among offspring is not well understood. Most of the epidemiologic and experimental animal research has focused on the relationship between maternal exposures including medications, tobacco smoke, alcohol, infections, and occupation and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, and birth defects. The potential role of paternal exposures has not been investigated as extensively despite long-standing animal research that demonstrates the induction of mutations in the male germ cell after exposure to certain agents and subsequent reproductive failure or early pregnancy loss. Given this relative lack of interest, acquisition of epidemiologic data and the development of a definitive model or mechanism for potential male-mediated effects has been hindered. However, recent laboratory and epidemiologic investigations have suggested that paternal exposures may be more important than previously suspected. This topic has been termed by some as "male-mediated developmental toxicity. " This is meant to refer to the effects of exposures and other factors relating to the male parent that result in toxicity to the conceptus and abnormal development. The developmental endpoints of interest can include fetal loss, congenital abnormalities, growth retardation, cancer, and neurobehavioral effects. These effects may operate through a variety of mechanisms including gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, seminal fluid transfer of toxicants and epigenetic events.
The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Book Synopsis Drinking Water and Health, by : National Research Council
Download or read book Drinking Water and Health, written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Thoroughly examining the popular and expanding field of reproductive toxicology, this newly revised and expanded third edition provides the latest, cutting-edge scientific developments in this constantly evolving discipline. Reproductive Toxicology's contributors are experienced regulatory agency and Clinical Research Organization representatives w
Book Synopsis Reproductive Toxicology by : Robert W. Kapp
Download or read book Reproductive Toxicology written by Robert W. Kapp and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly examining the popular and expanding field of reproductive toxicology, this newly revised and expanded third edition provides the latest, cutting-edge scientific developments in this constantly evolving discipline. Reproductive Toxicology's contributors are experienced regulatory agency and Clinical Research Organization representatives w
Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health is structured into two parts related to men’s reproductive and sexual health with eight sections designed to enable a logical flow of such knowledge. The book is focused on the biology of key organs involved in male reproduction and the environmental influences affecting their functions with particular emphasis on clinical aspects. Individual chapters within the book range from basic to translational aspects, but all hold clinical relevance. This is an essential reference for those working and learning in the field of human reproduction, reproductive toxicology and environmental influences on reproductive and sexual health. Brings together the leading authorities working in the field of male reproduction and sexual health and how the environment affects these issues. Provides guidelines and reference values of various reproductive hormones, semen parameters, inclusion/exclusion criteria for clinical trials. Discover the most efficient methods by which to design clinical protocols for sperm safety studies and reproductive toxicology trials.
Book Synopsis Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health by : Suresh C Sikka
Download or read book Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health written by Suresh C Sikka and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health is structured into two parts related to men’s reproductive and sexual health with eight sections designed to enable a logical flow of such knowledge. The book is focused on the biology of key organs involved in male reproduction and the environmental influences affecting their functions with particular emphasis on clinical aspects. Individual chapters within the book range from basic to translational aspects, but all hold clinical relevance. This is an essential reference for those working and learning in the field of human reproduction, reproductive toxicology and environmental influences on reproductive and sexual health. Brings together the leading authorities working in the field of male reproduction and sexual health and how the environment affects these issues. Provides guidelines and reference values of various reproductive hormones, semen parameters, inclusion/exclusion criteria for clinical trials. Discover the most efficient methods by which to design clinical protocols for sperm safety studies and reproductive toxicology trials.
Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction is a collection of papers that deals with general reproductive biology and specific aspects of reproductive toxicology, pertaining to the male sex. Some papers discuss testicular organization, reproductive toxicity testing systems, and germ-cell genetic toxicology. The use of in vitro systems by investigators to dissect the male reproductive toxicants can lead to a more scientific approach toward hazard assessment and the development of safer drugs and chemicals. Other papers explain the fundamental reproductive biology of the testis, the neuroendocrine system, the epididymis and accessory sex organs, and spermatozoal evaluation. Toxicological aspects cover the toxicological evaluation of the complete reproductive system, testicular morphology, sperm assessment, and germ-cell mutagenesis. One paper describes alternative methods in toxicology—by using new in vitro systems that should reduce or eliminate the need for tests conducted on animals. In vitro methodology embraces other systems such as from subcellular fractions to isolated intact organs. In relation to target-organ toxicity, the researcher can focus using primary cell cultures. This collection will prove helpful to toxicologists, graduate students and researchers in biology, particularly in male reproductive toxicology and fertility testing.
Book Synopsis Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction by : James C. Lamb
Download or read book Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction written by James C. Lamb and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction is a collection of papers that deals with general reproductive biology and specific aspects of reproductive toxicology, pertaining to the male sex. Some papers discuss testicular organization, reproductive toxicity testing systems, and germ-cell genetic toxicology. The use of in vitro systems by investigators to dissect the male reproductive toxicants can lead to a more scientific approach toward hazard assessment and the development of safer drugs and chemicals. Other papers explain the fundamental reproductive biology of the testis, the neuroendocrine system, the epididymis and accessory sex organs, and spermatozoal evaluation. Toxicological aspects cover the toxicological evaluation of the complete reproductive system, testicular morphology, sperm assessment, and germ-cell mutagenesis. One paper describes alternative methods in toxicology—by using new in vitro systems that should reduce or eliminate the need for tests conducted on animals. In vitro methodology embraces other systems such as from subcellular fractions to isolated intact organs. In relation to target-organ toxicity, the researcher can focus using primary cell cultures. This collection will prove helpful to toxicologists, graduate students and researchers in biology, particularly in male reproductive toxicology and fertility testing.
To safeguard public health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must keep abreast of new scientific information and emerging technologies so that it can apply them to regulatory decision-making. For decades the agency has dealt with questions about what animal-testing data to use to make predictions about human health hazards, how to perform dose-response extrapolations, how to identify and protect susceptible subpopulations, and how to address uncertainties. As alternatives to traditional toxicity testing have emerged, the agency has been faced with additional questions about how to incorporate data from such tests into its chemical assessments and whether such tests can replace some traditional testing methods. Endocrine active chemicals (EACs) have raised concerns that traditional toxicity-testing protocols might be inadequate to identify all potential hazards to human health because they have the ability to modulate normal hormone function, and small alterations in hormone concentrations, particularly during sensitive life stages, can have lasting and significant effects. To address concerns about potential human health effects from EACs at low doses, this report develops a strategy to evaluate the evidence for such low-dose effects.
Book Synopsis Application of Systematic Review Methods in an Overall Strategy for Evaluating Low-Dose Toxicity from Endocrine Active Chemicals by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Application of Systematic Review Methods in an Overall Strategy for Evaluating Low-Dose Toxicity from Endocrine Active Chemicals written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To safeguard public health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must keep abreast of new scientific information and emerging technologies so that it can apply them to regulatory decision-making. For decades the agency has dealt with questions about what animal-testing data to use to make predictions about human health hazards, how to perform dose-response extrapolations, how to identify and protect susceptible subpopulations, and how to address uncertainties. As alternatives to traditional toxicity testing have emerged, the agency has been faced with additional questions about how to incorporate data from such tests into its chemical assessments and whether such tests can replace some traditional testing methods. Endocrine active chemicals (EACs) have raised concerns that traditional toxicity-testing protocols might be inadequate to identify all potential hazards to human health because they have the ability to modulate normal hormone function, and small alterations in hormone concentrations, particularly during sensitive life stages, can have lasting and significant effects. To address concerns about potential human health effects from EACs at low doses, this report develops a strategy to evaluate the evidence for such low-dose effects.
Reproductive toxicology is a complex subject dealing with three components—parent, placenta, and fetus—and the continuous changes that occur in each. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology is a comprehensive and authoritative resource providing the latest literature enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of this area of science. It addresses a broad range of topics including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drugs of abuse, food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and metals, among others. With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only available reference to connect the three key risk stages, and is the only resource to include reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife. Provides a complete, integrated source of information on the key risk stages during reproduction and development Includes coverage of emerging science such as stem cell application, toxicoproteomics, metabolomics, phthalates, infertility, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, surveillance and regulatory considerations, and risk assessment Offers diverse and unique in vitro and in vivo toxicity models for reproductive and developmental toxicity testing in a user-friendly format that assists in comparative analysis
Book Synopsis Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology by : Ramesh C Gupta
Download or read book Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology written by Ramesh C Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 1243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive toxicology is a complex subject dealing with three components—parent, placenta, and fetus—and the continuous changes that occur in each. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology is a comprehensive and authoritative resource providing the latest literature enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of this area of science. It addresses a broad range of topics including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drugs of abuse, food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and metals, among others. With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only available reference to connect the three key risk stages, and is the only resource to include reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife. Provides a complete, integrated source of information on the key risk stages during reproduction and development Includes coverage of emerging science such as stem cell application, toxicoproteomics, metabolomics, phthalates, infertility, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, surveillance and regulatory considerations, and risk assessment Offers diverse and unique in vitro and in vivo toxicity models for reproductive and developmental toxicity testing in a user-friendly format that assists in comparative analysis
A comprehensive review of contemporary antisense oligonucleotides drugs and therapeutic principles, methods, applications, and research Oligonucleotide-based drugs, in particular antisense oligonucleotides, are part of a growing number of pharmaceutical and biotech programs progressing to treat a wide range of indications including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, and respiratory diseases, as well as other severe and rare diseases. Reviewing fundamentals and offering guidelines for drug discovery and development, this book is a practical guide covering all key aspects of this increasingly popular area of pharmacology and biotech and pharma research, from the basic science behind antisense oligonucleotides chemistry, toxicology, manufacturing, to safety assessments, the design of therapeutic protocols, to clinical experience. Antisense oligonucleotides are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. While the idea of antisense oligonucleotides to target single genes dates back to the 1970's, most advances have taken place in recent years. The increasing number of antisense oligonucleotide programs in clinical development is a testament to the progress and understanding of pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties as well as improvement in the delivery of oligonucleotides. This valuable book reviews the fundamentals of oligonucleotides, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotide drugs, and reports on the latest research underway worldwide. • Helps readers understand antisense molecules and their targets, biochemistry, and toxicity mechanisms, roles in disease, and applications for safety and therapeutics • Examines the principles, practices, and tools for scientists in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and how to apply them to antisense oligonucleotides • Provides guidelines for scientists in drug design and discovery to help improve efficiency, assessment, and the success of drug candidates • Includes interdisciplinary perspectives, from academia, industry, regulatory and from the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, biology, and medicinal chemistry Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics belongs on the reference shelves of chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, toxicologists and other scientists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It will also be a valuable resource for regulatory specialists and safety assessment professionals and an important reference for academic researchers and post-graduates interested in therapeutics, antisense therapy, and oligonucleotides.
Book Synopsis Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics by : Nicolay Ferrari
Download or read book Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics written by Nicolay Ferrari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of contemporary antisense oligonucleotides drugs and therapeutic principles, methods, applications, and research Oligonucleotide-based drugs, in particular antisense oligonucleotides, are part of a growing number of pharmaceutical and biotech programs progressing to treat a wide range of indications including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, and respiratory diseases, as well as other severe and rare diseases. Reviewing fundamentals and offering guidelines for drug discovery and development, this book is a practical guide covering all key aspects of this increasingly popular area of pharmacology and biotech and pharma research, from the basic science behind antisense oligonucleotides chemistry, toxicology, manufacturing, to safety assessments, the design of therapeutic protocols, to clinical experience. Antisense oligonucleotides are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. While the idea of antisense oligonucleotides to target single genes dates back to the 1970's, most advances have taken place in recent years. The increasing number of antisense oligonucleotide programs in clinical development is a testament to the progress and understanding of pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties as well as improvement in the delivery of oligonucleotides. This valuable book reviews the fundamentals of oligonucleotides, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotide drugs, and reports on the latest research underway worldwide. • Helps readers understand antisense molecules and their targets, biochemistry, and toxicity mechanisms, roles in disease, and applications for safety and therapeutics • Examines the principles, practices, and tools for scientists in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and how to apply them to antisense oligonucleotides • Provides guidelines for scientists in drug design and discovery to help improve efficiency, assessment, and the success of drug candidates • Includes interdisciplinary perspectives, from academia, industry, regulatory and from the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, biology, and medicinal chemistry Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics belongs on the reference shelves of chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, toxicologists and other scientists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It will also be a valuable resource for regulatory specialists and safety assessment professionals and an important reference for academic researchers and post-graduates interested in therapeutics, antisense therapy, and oligonucleotides.
