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With the further development of automated driving, the functional performance increases resulting in the need for new and comprehensive testing concepts. This doctoral work aims to enable the transition from quantitative mileage to qualitative test coverage by aggregating the results of both knowledge-based and data-driven test platforms. The validity of the test domain can be extended cost-effectively throughout the software development process to achieve meaningful test termination criteria.
Book Synopsis Measurable Safety of Automated Driving Functions in Commercial Motor Vehicles - Technological and Methodical Approaches by : Elgharbawy, Mohamed
Download or read book Measurable Safety of Automated Driving Functions in Commercial Motor Vehicles - Technological and Methodical Approaches written by Elgharbawy, Mohamed and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the further development of automated driving, the functional performance increases resulting in the need for new and comprehensive testing concepts. This doctoral work aims to enable the transition from quantitative mileage to qualitative test coverage by aggregating the results of both knowledge-based and data-driven test platforms. The validity of the test domain can be extended cost-effectively throughout the software development process to achieve meaningful test termination criteria.
This work describes a method for weighted least squares approximation of an unbounded number of data points using a B-spline function. The method can shift the bounded B-spline function definition range during run-time. The approximation method is used for optimizing velocity trajectories for an electric vehicle with respect to travel time, comfort and energy consumption. The trajectory optimization method is extended to a driver assistance system for automated vehicle longitudinal control.
Book Synopsis Trajectory optimization based on recursive B-spline approximation for automated longitudinal control of a battery electric vehicle by : Jauch, Jens
Download or read book Trajectory optimization based on recursive B-spline approximation for automated longitudinal control of a battery electric vehicle written by Jauch, Jens and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes a method for weighted least squares approximation of an unbounded number of data points using a B-spline function. The method can shift the bounded B-spline function definition range during run-time. The approximation method is used for optimizing velocity trajectories for an electric vehicle with respect to travel time, comfort and energy consumption. The trajectory optimization method is extended to a driver assistance system for automated vehicle longitudinal control.
Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include the system engineering management approach and redundancy technical approach to safety. As the third title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Book Synopsis Safety of the Intended Functionality by : Juan Pimentel
Download or read book Safety of the Intended Functionality written by Juan Pimentel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include the system engineering management approach and redundancy technical approach to safety. As the third title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include functional safety, SOTIF, and multi-agent safety. As the first title in a series on automated vehicle safety, each will contain introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Book Synopsis Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles by : Juan Pimentel
Download or read book Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles written by Juan Pimentel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include functional safety, SOTIF, and multi-agent safety. As the first title in a series on automated vehicle safety, each will contain introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Safety of Controllers, Sensors, and Actuators addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include risk reduction techniques in semiconductor-based systems, component certification, and safety assessment and audits for vehcicle components. As the fifth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Book Synopsis The Safety of Controllers, Sensors, and Actuators by : Juan Pimentel
Download or read book The Safety of Controllers, Sensors, and Actuators written by Juan Pimentel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Safety of Controllers, Sensors, and Actuators addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include risk reduction techniques in semiconductor-based systems, component certification, and safety assessment and audits for vehcicle components. As the fifth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Multi-Agent Safety addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include vehicle interaction with other vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road objects. As the second title in a series on automated vehicle safety, each will contain introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Book Synopsis Multi-Agent Safety by : Juan Pimentel
Download or read book Multi-Agent Safety written by Juan Pimentel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. Multi-Agent Safety addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include vehicle interaction with other vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road objects. As the second title in a series on automated vehicle safety, each will contain introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Role of ISO 26262 addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the use of SysML language in a management-based approach to safety As the fourth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
Book Synopsis The Role of ISO 26262 by : Juan Pimentel
Download or read book The Role of ISO 26262 written by Juan Pimentel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. The Role of ISO 26262 addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the use of SysML language in a management-based approach to safety As the fourth title in a series on automated vehicle safety, this contains introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving by : Markus Maurer
Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
RAND researchers analyzed three approaches to assessing the safety of automated vehicles (AVs)--measurements, processes, and thresholds--and how they interact. Researchers also explored the elements of effective communications regarding AV safety.
Book Synopsis Safe Enough by : Marjory S. Blumenthal
Download or read book Safe Enough written by Marjory S. Blumenthal and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RAND researchers analyzed three approaches to assessing the safety of automated vehicles (AVs)--measurements, processes, and thresholds--and how they interact. Researchers also explored the elements of effective communications regarding AV safety.
This document provides safety-relevant guidance for on-road testing of vehicles being operated by prototype conditional, high, and full (Levels 3 to 5) ADS, as defined by SAE J3016. It does not include guidance for evaluating the performance of post-production ADS-equipped vehicles. Moreover, this guidance only addresses testing of ADS-operated vehicles as overseen by in-vehicle fallback test drivers (IFTD).These guidelines do not address: Remote driving, including remote fallback test driving of prototype ADS-operated test vehicles in driverless operation. (Note: The term "remote fallback test driver" is included as a defined term herein and is intended to be addressed in a future iteration of this document. However, at this time, too little is published or known about this type of testing to provide even preliminary guidance.) Testing of driver support features (i.e., Levels 1 and 2), which rely on a human driver to perform part of the dynamic driving task (DDT) and to supervise the driving automation feature's performance in real time. (Refer to SAE J3016.) Closed-course testing. Simulation testing (except for training purposes). Component-level testing. This document provides general safety-relevant guidance for testing prototype automated driving systems (ADS) equipped on test vehicles operated in mixed-traffic environments on public roads (hereafter, prototype ADS-operated vehicles). This document is being substantially updated in order to incorporate lessons-learned based on accumulated field experience in testing prototype ADS-operated vehicles on public roads, and to make it compatible with related SAE documents.It is assumed that the prototype ADS-operated vehicles that are the subject of this guidance have been developed using standardized methods for safer product development including, but not limited to: A systems engineering approach (i.e., V-model). Adherence to a recognized functional safety process, such as ISO 26262, for identifying hazards and implementing strategies for mitigating them. Implementation of an electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture (system/hardware/software levels) capable of implementing hazard mitigation concepts and strategies. Analysis and testing of identified hazard mitigation strategies (hardware and software).Prototype ADS-operated vehicles that are based on existing production vehicles rely on the existing vehicle's E/E architecture, as adapted for ADS. Prototype ADS technology provided via added hardware and software modules that are not integrated according to the vehicle manufacturer's specifications, should be checked to ensure that they do not interfere with base vehicle hardware or software systems. As such, they should abide by the following general principles: All hardware and software interfaces between production- and development-level hardware and software should be analyzed and tested for operational integrity, including analysis of failure modes and effects. All developmental software added to a vehicle (including that equipped on added hardware modules) should be monitored and/or include self-diagnostics for safety-critical functions, which should be verified for efficacy prior to on-road testing.Proper test program/operations management plays a key role in helping to maintain safety while conducting on-road testing of prototype ADS-operated vehicles. Unexpected behaviors (including incidents) should be reported accurately and consistently for later root-cause analysis and resolution. A manager in charge of prototype ADS-operated vehicle testers should explain to them the organization's specific rules about testing and documentation, as well as any hardware/software updates that impact the performance of the ADS-operated vehicles. Novice testers should be paired with more experienced testers to learn the appropriate reactions in various situations.Real-time calibration/tuning of ADS software during testing should be allowed only after evaluation by qualified personnel (e.g., development engineer, lead calibrator, and/or designated safety engineer), indicating that the change does not pose unacceptable risk for on-road testing.
Book Synopsis Safety-Relevant Guidance for On-Road Testing of SAE Level 3, 4, and 5 Prototype Automated Driving System (ADS)-Operated Vehicles by : On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee
Download or read book Safety-Relevant Guidance for On-Road Testing of SAE Level 3, 4, and 5 Prototype Automated Driving System (ADS)-Operated Vehicles written by On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides safety-relevant guidance for on-road testing of vehicles being operated by prototype conditional, high, and full (Levels 3 to 5) ADS, as defined by SAE J3016. It does not include guidance for evaluating the performance of post-production ADS-equipped vehicles. Moreover, this guidance only addresses testing of ADS-operated vehicles as overseen by in-vehicle fallback test drivers (IFTD).These guidelines do not address: Remote driving, including remote fallback test driving of prototype ADS-operated test vehicles in driverless operation. (Note: The term "remote fallback test driver" is included as a defined term herein and is intended to be addressed in a future iteration of this document. However, at this time, too little is published or known about this type of testing to provide even preliminary guidance.) Testing of driver support features (i.e., Levels 1 and 2), which rely on a human driver to perform part of the dynamic driving task (DDT) and to supervise the driving automation feature's performance in real time. (Refer to SAE J3016.) Closed-course testing. Simulation testing (except for training purposes). Component-level testing. This document provides general safety-relevant guidance for testing prototype automated driving systems (ADS) equipped on test vehicles operated in mixed-traffic environments on public roads (hereafter, prototype ADS-operated vehicles). This document is being substantially updated in order to incorporate lessons-learned based on accumulated field experience in testing prototype ADS-operated vehicles on public roads, and to make it compatible with related SAE documents.It is assumed that the prototype ADS-operated vehicles that are the subject of this guidance have been developed using standardized methods for safer product development including, but not limited to: A systems engineering approach (i.e., V-model). Adherence to a recognized functional safety process, such as ISO 26262, for identifying hazards and implementing strategies for mitigating them. Implementation of an electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture (system/hardware/software levels) capable of implementing hazard mitigation concepts and strategies. Analysis and testing of identified hazard mitigation strategies (hardware and software).Prototype ADS-operated vehicles that are based on existing production vehicles rely on the existing vehicle's E/E architecture, as adapted for ADS. Prototype ADS technology provided via added hardware and software modules that are not integrated according to the vehicle manufacturer's specifications, should be checked to ensure that they do not interfere with base vehicle hardware or software systems. As such, they should abide by the following general principles: All hardware and software interfaces between production- and development-level hardware and software should be analyzed and tested for operational integrity, including analysis of failure modes and effects. All developmental software added to a vehicle (including that equipped on added hardware modules) should be monitored and/or include self-diagnostics for safety-critical functions, which should be verified for efficacy prior to on-road testing.Proper test program/operations management plays a key role in helping to maintain safety while conducting on-road testing of prototype ADS-operated vehicles. Unexpected behaviors (including incidents) should be reported accurately and consistently for later root-cause analysis and resolution. A manager in charge of prototype ADS-operated vehicle testers should explain to them the organization's specific rules about testing and documentation, as well as any hardware/software updates that impact the performance of the ADS-operated vehicles. Novice testers should be paired with more experienced testers to learn the appropriate reactions in various situations.Real-time calibration/tuning of ADS software during testing should be allowed only after evaluation by qualified personnel (e.g., development engineer, lead calibrator, and/or designated safety engineer), indicating that the change does not pose unacceptable risk for on-road testing.
